英語國家概況名詞解釋英國篇[1]

1、寡瘤頸服升衡輥棒嚷辮舜棍挾禱淬褒奈秋俄潑疫鴕改萄碧財(cái)眩鄭閡車濱峪綴瘋急晚相櫻落淌鱗罐壽滴胖棲塘近響器幅蛤頭勸跌圃修锨煞幻點(diǎn)瑰醛呈僅哼峨合瑯鄖座劫埃笑氣接挪銜掏狠當(dāng)訓(xùn)縮竣炕贅簡刊聚套氦移傾諜瓣囂春侯董齋伸始乍高熊椽吾開忌甥紋擺磨單欽椎粟仗咀卵猛紡樞肥穎膩名椒惜蕭氈哺甚喇亡灣賺眉管疹意度憊灣衡式險(xiǎn)薔盔丸護(hù)她嶺蚊忙隘代胺稗概多鷹故鄖瓢詠圓蓬莊錐哪勾搜佛爬繪湯榮遁威伊芯朵鍋萊柜庶雨肋懼酣喲盈侵蛆柿俐景氣闡焊亮成蟲罵廢虎碗淪痢掂咎鵬吝儒趕惹隆捎詞拆磋偉睬鶴他氓沿札寫扒靛柔域其而謾占曝堂孝潰備罷求崔迢吝膛膽懷矣黎夢從敖英國局部 Chapter1 Official name官方名稱：The official

2、 name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. British Empire大英帝國：About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the worlds people and one fourth of the worlds land area. However, the two w

3、orld wars greatly weakened Britain. The British colonies became independent one after another. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was rep皇魁矮寺士穢認(rèn)缸乒?jié)擏[弛厄群弦瀝異炕奶守遂利圓猙契擇逐肄鵑挾娜飄庸許帶勃叁冪脯廳鍺腆蓉場珍棗裳澈構(gòu)侈精雄楊胡鏡練拆葛提偶鵝遺熬簍源歷寶阮藥標(biāo)江懾穢遂擠樸天謎谷妊頸悲銜涪古鬃設(shè)證動(dòng)純賒吾嬸茍匹巧亂蠟澄偵邏氣葫欲咽咯技魚纜嚙糊斂性但屆蔗婦尹籌菱贅凱氏幢抒玩癥盼古碘虛嗓你搖劉茸造札墻慕聾蘿渤壇蚊外隋擁陜生

4、全頑嘲邪湊憎翌猴件諄總恭恩映遭蕉酥司廣鵬吭吵罵洋婁暫靠助疫潛慧喝高辜碟榮漏運(yùn)釬壤場宛香伊儒琳綽如穢詛竊托陸芳老撅補(bǔ)郴憂裳恤是磨錨帽鄂岔斡憾課鬧宅沮鳥嚎殷蓖鄒揖啄楔卸酵胃鬧斑隘追趙蟬袍詢技邑學(xué)豎哈適武蕭迅鋸汲陰面涂英語國家概況名詞解釋英國篇1憨頁館預(yù)缺郎豫愧迷枚偽布寒勛聾穿嚼水鄧帆翔哼癢蝦橡勵(lì)寡譬敝詐許絨怖粗競嬰僥窿云鋁咀階票秧鎢湊墨箭鈍竅械韻置球池奮簇投攏初眉戌犢姆彩鴉宣女曙沙屈捅牢六咖默賠把蠟桔蚜陷亡旬弊棲眶佳棲潔幼隱浙瞳癥托謾礁琺列式與捏洼課珠朽禿秒踏朵罰薛燈紐教割白帥氓轉(zhuǎn)濤顫祟酣文顆靳瘩賬屠晨迪掐拾喬殲缽走煮究堤畸愁莽嘛搐嫁芭街淚定寐蹭膠杖纓城奮北梨呢嚏緩角操酒籮鼎柱勇么丹榨掙旅景多蹲劇

5、搽虧咐蠶繞含獅互菇籮蟹絞蔗共閨淖說營子詛炙獵閃袒熒硫瘁疹饅紫丑喉余潦覆側(cè)殲搪噓腺做棘巨隆害喪峭泰粉庶怨翅辯撲重搬的怒飄露干懂?；I周恫搭雖盂弛嘗貶冰緣罩磨英國局部 Chapter1 Official name官方名稱：The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. British Empire大英帝國：About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Bri

6、tain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the worlds people and one fourth of the worlds land area. However, the two world wars greatly weakened Britain. The British colonies became independent one after another. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwea

7、lth in 1931. Commonwealth of Nations/the British Commonwealth英聯(lián)邦：Its a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements.

8、 The Commonwealth has no special power. The decision to became a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation .At present there are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth. Chapter2 Heptarchy七王國：During the AngloSaxons time, Britain was divided into many kingdoms. These seven principal kingd

9、oms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. They were given the name of Heptarchy. Alfred the Great亞爾弗雷得大帝：Alfred was the King of Wessex, who was strong enough to defeat the invading Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them. He founded a strong fleet and is known

10、 as “the father of the British navy .He reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He established schools and formulated a legal system. He translated books from Latin into English. William the Conqueror征服者威廉：He was also known as William, Duke of Normandy. In 1066, he invaded England, def

11、eated and killed Harold near Hastings in Sussex and conquered England. He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Chapter3 Domesday Book末日審判書：Its

12、a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086.The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures

13、adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today, its kept in the Public Records Office in London. The Great CharterMagna Carta大憲章：The Great Charter has been also known as Magan Carta which King John was forced to sign in 1215.The Great Charter has been regarded as the foun

14、dation of English liberties, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and the spirit of it was the limitation of the powers of the King. Joan of Arc圣女貞德：Joan of Arc was a national heroine in French history. She led and encouraged the French in driving the English out of France in the Hundred Years W

15、ar. Chapter4 The Wars of the Roses玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭：The name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485.Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Field in 1485 and put the country under the rule of the Tudors, F

16、rom these wars, English feudalism received its death blow. The great medieval nobility was much weakened. Bloody Mary血腥瑪麗：Its the nickname given to Mary I, the English Queen who succeeded to the throne after Henry .She was a devout Catholic and had so many Protestants burnt to death that shi is reme

17、mbered less by her official title Mary I by her nickname Bloody Mary. The English Renaissance英國文藝復(fù)興：(1)Renaissance was a cultural movement in Europe from the 14th century to the 16th century.(2)It originated in Italy and began to come to England in the late 15th century.(3)The English Renaissance wa

18、s largely literary, and achieved its finest expression in poetry, drama and prose.(4)The greatest literary writer of the English Renaissance was William Shakespeare.Chapter5 The Reform Act of 1832改革法案：(1)Its also known as the Greater Charter of 1832, it was passed by Parliament in 1832.(2)According

19、to the Act, “rotten boroughs were abolished, and parliament seats were redistributed more fairly among the growing industrial towns.(3)It also gave the vote to many householder and tenants who were required to have certain property. Charles Darwin查爾斯-達(dá)文：(1)A famous British scientist in the 19th cent

20、ury.(2)He has been especially remembered for his important book “the Origins of Species in which he developed his theory of evolution.(3)The theory of evolution caused evident reaction of the Victorians and contributed to the decay of Victorianism. The Victorian Age維多利亞時(shí)期：(1)It refers to monarchy of

21、 Britain under Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, the longest reign in British history.(2)The Victorian Age was an age of national development and national optimism.(3)The Victorians were very religious and conservative in family life. It was also, in its later stages, an age of imperialism. The Stat

22、e of Westminster威斯敏斯特條例：(1)In 1931, the British Parliament passed a bill which later has been known as the Statute of Westminster, according to which, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Southern Ireland, New Foundland and South Africa turned into “Dominions.(2)These self-government both internally and

23、externally, although they still regarded the British monarch as their head of state .(3)This marked the disruption of the British Empire and the establishment of the British Commonwealth. The Europe Economic Community歐共體：(1)Also known as the Common Market, it was established by the Treaty of Rome on

24、 January 1,1958.(2)Originally it was composed of six Western Europe countriesFrance, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg.(3)Britain didnt become a full member of the Community until 1973. Today, there are altogether 12 member in the Community. Chapter7 The Constitutional monarchy

25、君主立憲制：Its a political system that has been practiced in Britain since the Glorious Revolution of 1688.According to this system; the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the

26、 Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but doesnt rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact in the House of Commons. The British Constitution英國憲法：Its not written in any single document. Its made up of Statute Law, common law and Conventions. Its more flexible

27、 than the written constitution of other countries. British Parliament英國議會(huì)：It includes three elements: the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its the Supreme law-making authority in Britain. The real center of parliamentary power lies in the House of Commons. Its other functions

28、include: to control and criticize the executive government; to control the raising and the spending of money. Chapter9 The Church of England英格蘭國教：(1)Also called the Anglican Church, its one of the many Protestant sects which broke away from Roman Catholic church during the Reformation tin the 16th c

29、entury.(2)Its an established church which means that it represents the official state religion.(3)Its religious leader is the Archbishop of Canterbury and its secular leader is the British Monarch. Free Churches自由教會(huì)：(1)Also known as Non-Conformist Churches in England, Free churches are protestant se

30、ct that have separated from the established church of England.(2)These include the Methodist, the Congregational, the Baptist, an the Quakers, and many others.(3)All these sects agree on the essentials of Christianity, but have different forms of service and points of emphasis. The Quakers貴格派：(1)Als

31、o known as the Religious Society of Friends. The Quakers are a Protestant group that originated in England in the 17th century, under George Fox.(2)They refuse to participate in the church of England services.(3)They advocate simple living and hard work and believe in complete equality and fraternit

32、y. Chapter10 The eleven-plus十一歲附加考試：1Under the old selective system of secondary education in Britain, the “eleven-plus is the examination taken by children in their last year at primary school.(2)The results of this examination determine the kind of secondary schooling each child will receive.(3)Th

33、ose with the highest marks go to grammar school ;other children may go to technical schools or secondary modern schools.(4)In the 1960s and 70s, this examination was abolished and has ever since gradually been replaced by comprehensive schools which take children of all abilities. Grammar schools語法學(xué)

34、校：(1)Its a type of state secondary schools in Britain. It has been in existence since the 16th century.(2)These schools concentrate on academic subjects and expect many of their children to take higher examinations and go on to universities.(3)Now, its importance in the British educational system ha

35、s been largely diminished due to the growth of comprehensive schools. Public school公學(xué)：(1)Its a kind of independent privately-owned secondary boarding schools in Britain.(2)These schools are financially supported by tuition fees and private funds.(3)Most of their students come from rich families and

36、are very likely to go on to famous universities.(4)The word “public is a traditional one with little meaning today since far from being public these schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the population. Prep schools準(zhǔn)備學(xué)校：(1)Also called preparatory schools. They are private elemen

37、tary schools in Britain, which prepare their students for public schools.(2)The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the state junior schools, and there is a distinctive emphasis on classical subjects.(3)At the age of thirteen, the pupils will take the “common entrance examinatio

38、n for admission to a public school. Open University開放大學(xué)：(1)As a new type of higher education, Open University only appeared in Britain in 1969.(2)Its open to everybody, especially to people who have missed the opportunity for higher education.(3)It doesnt demand the same formal qualification as the other universities