自然拼讀法教案

1、自然拼讀法什么是自然拼讀法?英語是拼音文字，所有的詞匯都是由26個(gè)字母拼出來的，基本發(fā)音因素卻只有39-47個(gè)，這說明26個(gè)字母與基本音素是一對(duì)多和多對(duì)一的復(fù)雜關(guān)系，這些規(guī)律對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)英文詞匯都是適用的，這就是自然拼音法。一、元音字母的發(fā)音概述當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音時(shí)，該元音發(fā)短音，而當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e,剛才的元音就發(fā)長(zhǎng)音了，而字母e只起到讓前面的元音發(fā)長(zhǎng)音的作用，自己是不發(fā)音的。一般來說，除了以下幾種情況外，元音都發(fā)短音：1 .該元音是元音字母組合的一部分2 .該元音后面有字母r3 .該元音在一個(gè)單詞或重讀音節(jié)的結(jié)尾4 .單詞以字母e結(jié)尾5 .該元音是元音規(guī)則的特例發(fā)音

2、細(xì)則A當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)兀音a時(shí)讀作短音/? /而當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e時(shí)，讀作長(zhǎng)音/ei/例：ant,and, cat, fast, map, apple例：cake,name,face,make,game,plane,wave,bakeE當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)兀音e讀作短音/e/而當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e時(shí)，讀作長(zhǎng)音/i:/例：bed,desk,egg,hen,leg,pen,vet,wet例：he,she,me,Peter,weI當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)兀音i讀作短音/i/而當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e時(shí)，讀作長(zhǎng)音/ai/例：hid,lid,nib,hit,

3、fit,did,kid,nit,pit例：bike,five,kite,mike,nine,rice,ride,time當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)兀音o讀作短音/o/而當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e時(shí)，讀作長(zhǎng)首/ou/例：dog,fog,hot,hop,lot,mop,not, cot例：close,nose,phone,home,rose,cone,dome,holeU當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音u讀作短音/ ?/而當(dāng)這個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)后面加上字母e時(shí)，讀作長(zhǎng)音/ju:/例：cup,mud,bus,bug,bud,cut,gum,bun例：mute,huge,fume,cute,duke,tu

4、be,fuse,tune二、輔音字母的發(fā)音音形一致的字母發(fā)音b bp pm mf fd dt tn nl lg gk kh hl lr rv vw wz z音形不一致的字母發(fā)音字母發(fā)音規(guī)則詞例C后面接a, o, u的時(shí)候，c的發(fā)音與字母k發(fā)音相同cat, cap, call, coat, cup后面接e, i,或y的時(shí)候，通常c的發(fā)音與字母s發(fā)音相同city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice在e或i前面，c會(huì)發(fā)/sh/音ocean, racial, social字母發(fā)音規(guī)則詞例G后面接a, o, u的時(shí)候，發(fā)/g/girl,

5、gas, get, give, go后面接e, i,或y的時(shí)候，有時(shí)g的發(fā)音與字母j的發(fā)音相同，讀/d ?/city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice字母發(fā)音規(guī)則詞例X在單詞中間或結(jié)尾時(shí)發(fā)/ks/音box, next, mix, six, foxx在單詞中間時(shí)有時(shí)發(fā)/gz/音exit, exam, exactx在單詞起始位置時(shí)發(fā)/z/首xylophone, xerox字母發(fā)音規(guī)則詞例Y在單詞起始位置時(shí)發(fā)音為輔音/j/yes, you, yard, year, yell在單詞或音節(jié)中間或結(jié)尾時(shí)被當(dāng)做兀首在結(jié)尾，單詞只有一個(gè)音節(jié)時(shí)

6、y發(fā)/ai/音Sky,在結(jié)尾，單詞有兩個(gè)或以上音節(jié)時(shí)y發(fā)長(zhǎng)/e/首y在單詞或音節(jié)中間時(shí)，發(fā)短/i/音三、字母組合的發(fā)音元音字母組合的發(fā)音字母組合發(fā)音詞例ea 和 ee/i:/tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher, need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, fourteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet,

7、week/e/bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deafie/ai/tie, lie, pie/i:/yield, chief, relief, believe, puppiesood, k之前讀/u/book, look, wood, foot, cookiet,l,f, l, m, n,s前讀/u:/moon, zoo, school, pool, tool,boot例外：foot f?tar/a:/park,farm,card,tart,bark,dark,carter/?/ruler,tiger,teach

8、er,under,letter,spiderir/?:/bird,circle,first,girl,shirt,skirt,dirtyor/?:/fork, or, for, core, more, porkou/au/mouth, about, house, housework, south, how, now, townall/?:/wall,hall,fall,ball,call,mall,tall,hallway輔音字母組合的發(fā)音字母組合發(fā)音詞例sh/?ship, shape, shy, she, share, sheep, shoe, showch/t 7chair, charm,

9、 chess, chip, chew, chest, cheap, chuckle, chant, cheese, chargethe/these, they, three, thought, thankPh/f/photo, phrase, phone, philosophy, phonetic不發(fā)音的輔音字母組合字母組合發(fā)音詞例gh （h不發(fā)音）/g/ghost, ghetto, ghastlygn （n不發(fā)音）/n/gnat, gnarl, gnaw, gnome, signkn （k不發(fā)音）/n/knife, knit, know, knock, kneemb （b不發(fā)音）/m/comb, lamb, thumb, dumb, climbpn （p不發(fā)音）/n/pneumoniaps （p不發(fā)音）/s/psalm, psychic, psychologyrh （h不發(fā)音）/r/rhinoceros, rhyme, rhyth