音標發(fā)音規(guī)則表

1、1、音素：音素是英語中最小的語音單位，英語中有48個音素，其中元音20個，輔音28個2、音標：是記錄音素的符號，用于區(qū)別字母，因而需加“”或“/aeeaa:au3、48個音標rH!9：3收0：元音d一回oi網(wǎng)paceuaau門sJV2*Btlt協(xié)drdzMtkbd助輔音mn可WJIhI4、開音節(jié)：以元音字母結(jié)尾或以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞，叫開音節(jié)單詞。在開音節(jié)單詞中，元音字母發(fā)它本身的音。5、重音：讀單詞時總有一個響亮的音節(jié)叫重讀音節(jié)，以口”來標記。6、句子重讀：一般原則：有句子重讀的是名詞、動詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、感嘆詞等。關(guān)鍵性原則：在一定場景下傳遞新信息的關(guān)鍵詞要重讀。7、連讀

2、：同一句群中，前一詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一詞以元音音素開頭，在語流中將這兩個音素合拼在一起讀，這種現(xiàn)象叫“連讀”。1、字母或字母組合在重讀音節(jié)或非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音A）元音字母在單詞中的讀音人首字母it#說明例詞a/ei/住重讀開音節(jié)中name,make,plane,grade,cake,date,page,safe,face,gate/e/在ny前any,many,anyone,anything由在重讀閉音節(jié)中map,fat,sad,back,hand,catch,hat,bad,glad,black,thank,act在w或wh后wash,want,watch,what小"在s,ss

3、,st前past,flash,last,glass,pass,class,basket/o:/在w后偶爾發(fā)Jn：/wateryta/ar分開發(fā)音一|Mary,parent陽/在非重讀音節(jié)中another,along,asleep,away,among,around在非重讀音節(jié)中village,comrade,palace士士兒日了母it#說明例詞e川住重讀開音節(jié)中me,be,we,he,she,these,Chinese/e/在重讀閉音節(jié)中g(shù)et,rest,mend,next,left,then,help,wet,forget,dress,sell,spell;印er分開發(fā)音zero向在非重讀

4、音節(jié)中open,moment,September川在非重讀音節(jié)中ticket,begin,behind,cinema,betweeni(y)/ai/在重讀開音節(jié)中time,drive,ride,knife,wife,smile,why,sky,dry,try,fly,spy,July小在重讀閉音節(jié)中hit,ill,lift,kill,twin,drink,pick,ship,wind,thin,ship,physics心電讀開音節(jié)中police,machine同在非重讀音節(jié)中April,holiday,beautiful|；i/|在非重讀音節(jié)中office,instead,finish,cit

5、y,family,reallyo/au/住重讀開音節(jié)中g(shù)o,ago,nose,hope,whole,alone,hole,phone,smoke,joke何在重讀閉音節(jié)中clock,sock,shop,dog,cross,cock,bottle,knock,song,strong掙在m,n,v,th前l(fā)ove,son,some,mother,other心/woman在某些重讀開音節(jié)中move,lose,who,whose/wVone,once同在非重讀音節(jié)中today,tomorrow,together,secondAJ/在非重讀音節(jié)中onto,intou/ju7讀音節(jié)中use,student

6、,duty,excuse,music在重讀閉音節(jié)中but,cut,up,nut,duck,luck,lunch,sunnyAJ/在重讀閉音節(jié)中put,pull,push,full在重讀開音節(jié)中June,rulerii在個別單詞中busy,business在非重讀音節(jié)中AugustB）輔音字母在單詞中的讀音輔首字母it#例詞輔首字母it#例詞b/b/busp/p/mapc/s/niceq一般不單獨及日/k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleaseg冏gate4/sure，電，orangeusuallyh/h/het/t/catj應(yīng)tjeepv/v/live

7、k/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/myVgz/examplen/n/niney/j/year0unclez/z/zero重點輔音字母讀音講解:n在單詞中的讀音n在一般情況下發(fā)/n/。如：kind,need,soon等?？诤竺鏋檩o音音素fkJ,幻/時發(fā)口如：think/卸口，hungryhAQgri/juncle/*口kl償口該規(guī)則不包括加前綴un構(gòu)成的單詞.如：unclean/nklitrV1不清潔的）等。s在單詞中的讀音s在單詞開頭通常讀/s/。如：sit,stop等。Ds后面的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時讀/s/。如：desk,past,question,mis

8、take等。以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，s前的輔音字母發(fā)清輔音時，詞尾s讀/s/。如：clocks,shops等。ss在單詞中讀/s/。如pass,lesson等。s在兩個元音音素之間常讀/z/。如：music/'mju:zik/,visit/'vizit/等。9后面是濁輔音時讀總益如,husband/hAzband/,：zrVo加s構(gòu)成的復(fù)數(shù)名詞及單數(shù)第三人稱動詞形式中，s前面為濁輔音或元音時，s讀/z/。如：bags,plays,blows,rulers等。以加開頭的極少數(shù)單詞中，s常讀小能如：sure/JuaAsugar/臺讀片/僅限于usually,pleasure等極少數(shù)單詞

9、其中的元音字母組合有的只發(fā)一種音，有的發(fā)兩種C）元音字母組合在單詞中的讀音兒日子母組合it#說明例詞ea/i:/在重讀首ij中team,clean,sea,tea,east,cheap,easy,speak,season,read/e/在重讀首ij中head,bread,ready,weather,health；a/在重讀首ij中idea,real,really/ei/在重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)reat,breakai/ei/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中train,rainwait,waiter/e/在重讀首ij中said,says/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中mounLfiuVhiaudiE山ee/i:/在重讀首ij中se

10、e,bee,free,sheep,feel,meet,need,green,asleepey/ei/在重讀首ij中they,hey,obey（遵守）/i:/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中key/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中monkey,moneyeo/i:/在重讀首ij中peopleei/i:/在重讀首ij中receive/ri'si:v/（收到）/ei/在字母組合eigh中eight,eighteen,weighouZaU/在重讀自|J中g(shù)round,round,around,out,mouse,blouse這類字母組合通常有兩個元音字母組成,或兩種以上的音。tN在重讀音節(jié)中young,country,t

11、ouch,enough,double/u:/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中g(shù)roup由在情態(tài)動詞中could,should,wouldue/u:/e不發(fā)音blue/e/u不發(fā)音guessit#說明例詞兒日子母組合oo/u:/詞尾或詞中zoo,soon,food,cool,tooth,noon,foolAJ/在k或d前cook,look,took,good,foot,wood在l和d之間hlootVblAd/（面）oa在重讀自|J中coat,goat,boatoy/oi/在重讀自|J中boy,enjoy,joy,toyoi9在重讀自|J中toilet,oil（油）ie/e/不發(fā)音friend/i:/在重讀自

12、|J中field,piece,thief（賊）Zaiia/在個別單詞中quiet/ai/在詞尾lie,die,tieauay在重讀音節(jié)中autumn,daughter,August/3：/ei/在個別重讀音節(jié)詞中在重讀音節(jié)中aunttoday,away,stay,may,say,play/i/在非重讀音節(jié)中Monday,Sundayui/u:/在重讀音節(jié)中fruitoe/u:/位于詞尾shoeio沁口在重讀音節(jié)中pioneeruy/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾buyye/ai/重讀音節(jié)，詞尾byeD）輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合通常有兩個輔音字母組成，大部分輔音字母組合只有一種讀音，有少數(shù)輔

13、音字母組合有兩種或兩種以上讀音。母組合it#說明例詞ch/tj/大部分單詞中which,lunch,chair,China,teach/k/在少數(shù)單詞中school,chemistry/'kemistri/（化學）小在個別單詞中machineck/k/一般位于詞尾clock,back,black母組合it#說明例詞ngJ"在詞尾sing,song,bring,seeing在詞中English,hungry,angry,strongersh小匚在同首、詞中或詞尾shall,fishing,finish,washPh/f/一般在詞首phone,photo,physics/'

14、;fiziks/（物理）wh/h/后為。時who,whose,whole/w/后為其它元音字母時when,which,why,wheregh/f/一般在詞尾laugh,enough,coughth應(yīng)在詞尾或以th開頭的名詞、動詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞中both,tooth,fifth,south,thing,think,thick,third/e/在ther中及代詞、冠詞、連詞或副詞中another,feather,them,with,than,thenwr/r/在詞苜write,wrong,writerkn/n/在詞苜know,1cnifenknoirledge/holicfe/（知識）tch用，c

15、atch,match,watchdr/dr/一般位于同首drive,dry,dress,drinktr/tr/一般位于同首tree,truck,train,trousersds/dz/一般在詞尾beds,finds,handsts/ts/一般在詞尾students,lets,boats,cats,wantsE）元、輔音字母組合在單詞中的讀音這類字母組合有兩類：一類是一個或兩個元音字母與r組合，構(gòu)成-r音節(jié)或-re音節(jié)。這是主要一類元輔音字母組合。另一類是一個元音字母與除r以外的某個輔音字母組合。這類元輔音字母組合數(shù)量很少。兀、輔首字母組合it#說明例詞ar/ar/重讀音節(jié)中far,park,c

16、ard,party,hard,start,March,farther,hardly（幾乎不）由，在w后warm,war,warn（警告）,quarter間非重讀音節(jié)中popular,similarer/a:/重讀音節(jié)中her,term,certainly,preferLj/e；1非重讀音節(jié)中farmer,worker,writer,letter,waiter兀、輔首讀音說明例詞字母組合ir/s:/重讀音節(jié)中g(shù)irl,shirt,first,third,bird,dirty重讀音節(jié)中short,sport,horse,born,northor/B/在w后work,word,world,worse

17、,worstM非重讀音節(jié)q中doctor,visitor（游客）ur/e:?重讀音節(jié)中turn,hurt（受傷），Thursday,purple,purseare是9f重讀音節(jié)中care,careful,hare川重讀音節(jié)中near,hear,clear,dear,nearly/e:/重讀音節(jié)中early,earth,learn,heardear,加合/少數(shù)詞中tear,pear,bear（熊）電:，個別詞中heartere府W重讀音節(jié)中where,thereMbJ重讀音節(jié)中hereore勢7重讀音節(jié)中before,more,scoreire為面重讀音節(jié)中tired,hire（雇用）,fire

18、（火）eer7同重讀音節(jié)中deer（鹿）,pioneerAJa/重讀音節(jié)中sureurej/e/j非重讀音節(jié)中pleasure,picture,treasure（財寶）eir/tea/重讀音節(jié)中theirair重讀音節(jié)中chair,hair,pair,fair（金色的）our由，重讀音節(jié)中four,fourth,course,pour（倒；灌注）/hua/重讀音節(jié)中hour/e/非重讀音節(jié)中colouroor一般讀好，door,floorAJ卬個別詞中pooralVo7一般讀也:/call,walk,talk,tall,small以al開頭的副詞also,always,already,almo

19、st個別詞中half兀、輔首讀音說明字母組合例詞ow俯W重讀或非重讀音節(jié)中slow,blow,show,snow,throw,window,yellow,borrow,tomorrow招W重讀音節(jié)中now,how,cow,down,brownew力一般讀/ju:/few,knew,news,newspaper不規(guī)則動詞過去式中threw,drew,flew,grew歸5個別詞中sew（縫紉）tion4an/一般讀“白0station,dictionary,operation/tfan/在s后questionaw冷:/重讀音節(jié)中draw,law（法律）dge/d3/只有g(shù)發(fā)音bridge,fri

20、dge,judge（法官）igh/si/只有i發(fā)音light,night,bright,fight,highough/o?/只有ou發(fā)自bought,brought,thoughtaugh73：/只有au發(fā)自daughter,taught,caughtind/aincK三個字母都發(fā)音kind,find,mind,behindoldZeulcK三個字母都發(fā)音sold,told,cold,holdF）不發(fā)音的字母和字母組合英語單詞的讀音和拼寫形式雖然聯(lián)系緊密，但并不是完全對應(yīng)的，有很多單詞中的某一字母或幾個字母不發(fā)音。單詞不發(fā)音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母組合，也有輔音字母或字母組合。不發(fā)音的字母

21、或字母組合給拼寫單詞帶來了一定的困難，但也不是無規(guī)律可循的。請看下表：不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說明例詞e以e結(jié)尾的相對開音節(jié)詞中rice,noseo構(gòu)成成首節(jié)的-son中l(wèi)esson,season,personugu在詞首時guessea在個別詞中beautifuluegue在詞尾時dialogue,league不發(fā)音的字母或字母組合說明例詞b在詞尾且其前面為字母m時climb,tomb/tu:m/墳?zāi)筭詞尾為gn時sign,foreignkkn在詞開頭時know,knifenmn在詞尾時autumngh在i,ou,au后面時light,night,thought,daughterl在ould或

22、個別含al的詞中could,would,halfc在含tch的詞中catch,watch,matchd在含dge的詞中bridge,fridgewwr位于詞首時write,wrong其它ss,rr,ff,mm只發(fā)一個字母的音lesson,worry,bell,office,swim-minganswer,hour,island,Wednesday含同一種讀音的字母和字母組合A）按兀首首素歸納元音字母及字母組合例詞元音字母及字母組合例詞/i:/ebeqq/i?itwinetheseiliveeesheepeEnglisheateamowomeniepieceubusyipolicemanysydneyeopeopleuibuildeykeyaglad/e/erestahaveeaheaduruleriefriend/u:/omoveamanyueblue元音字母及字母組合例詞元音字母及字母組合例詞1Wafastoofoodarparkougroupalhalf/u:/uifr