高考英語完形填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練含答案

1、高考英語完形填空解題思路與訓(xùn)練一、高考英語完形填空命題與解題思路完形填空題是高考英語卷中的重要題型，不僅側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對具體語境把握能力，更是對學(xué)生整體語篇意義理解的連貫性和運(yùn)用語言的準(zhǔn)確性考查。它屬于有一定難度的障礙性閱讀理解題，是學(xué)生感到最難把握的題型之一。分析近幾年高考題，完形填空所選短文的體裁多為記敘文、說明文和議論文。寫人或記事，兼有個別議論的句子。趣味性強(qiáng)并兼有教育意義。一般為400單詞左右的一篇短文，其容邏輯性強(qiáng)，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明。文章首句不設(shè)空，但交待相關(guān)的背景材料，可挖掘的信息點(diǎn)很多，對整篇文章的理解起著至關(guān)重要的作用。近幾年試題中尤為注重說明文和議論文

2、。說明文命題趨勢：說明型完形填空選材難度一般低于試卷中的閱讀理解大題。在設(shè)空與選項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)方面充分體現(xiàn)了語言知識運(yùn)用題的要求：以實(shí)詞為主（名、動、形、副），絕大多數(shù)小題都要從全文角度進(jìn)行判斷。這一命題思路體現(xiàn)了“語篇意識”。議論文命題趨勢：議論文是一種通過剖析事物，論述事理，提出主，發(fā)表見解的文體。議論型完形填空分為兩種，一種是夾敘夾議型完形填空；另一種是純議論型完形填空。第一種的基本模式是：敘述事件，提出感悟，作出結(jié)論。第二種的基本模式是：提出論點(diǎn)，列舉論據(jù)，提出看法。 那么如何做好完形填空呢？ 解題思路一：通讀全文，了解大意，先易后難。通常在答題之前, 要花12分鐘把文章略讀一遍,以便對文章有

3、個大概的了解。在詳讀的過程中，可以邊讀邊選擇一些容易的選項(xiàng), 對個別不理解的單詞、短語,可以先不管它們。等讀完文章后, 大部分的空格已填完, 全文的意思基本已掌握, 剩下的難題也就比較容易解決了。解題思路二：依據(jù)首句線索，緊扣主題選擇。首句通常是文章的主題句，通常不設(shè)空，便于考生對短文主題、容或背景有個大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、論點(diǎn)等有用的信息。把握了主題句, 對于理解全文和解題很有幫助。 例： On a hot summer day in last August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront ca

4、fé on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in _ air. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin 解析: C。 故事發(fā)生在一個炎熱的夏天, 溫度高, 自然沒風(fēng)。 still 在此處為形容詞, 意思是“靜止的, 不動的”, 即沒風(fēng)。解題思路三：瞻前顧后, 謹(jǐn)慎選擇。 有些選擇項(xiàng)根據(jù)上下句就能比較容易地做出正確判斷, 有些則必須根據(jù)整篇文章的大意才能推出。通過上下文, 尋找隱含的各種信息和緊抓語境暗示是解答完形填空題的主要手段和策略。 例： The man stepped _1_ for the two ch

5、airs. He politely _2_ his lady in the knee - deep water and then sat down himself. 1. A. outside B. forward C. down D. back 2. A. led B. seated C. watched D. received解析： 1. D。根據(jù)上下文, 不難看出, 那兩口子搬完桌子后, 又回來搬椅子, 即: step back for sth. 2. B。 本空后有賓語 his lady , 根據(jù)后半句 “and then sat down himself”, 答案應(yīng)為 seated

6、his lady “讓他夫人就坐”。解題思路四：借助語法知識, 選擇正確的答案。 例1：When Ed first phoned and _ we play, I laughed quietly A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 解析：D。 根據(jù)學(xué)過的語法知識,我們知道主句的謂語動詞表示建議的意思時, 賓語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣,即用“( should )+ 動詞原形”。題干句中“play”的形式是關(guān)鍵信息。例2：Finally Peter decided to go to the USA and，as his father

7、had told him，_ to be a doctor.A. studiesB. studyingC. studyD. studied解析：C。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處與前面的動詞go為并列動詞不定式，均作謂語decided的賓語，故選C。此題若忽略分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，很容易誤選D。此題的難點(diǎn)在于句中有一個插入性質(zhì)的as引導(dǎo)的從句，將兩個不定式分隔開了。從而造成辨認(rèn)第二個動詞不定式的困難。解題思路五：利用生活常識，文化背景。 例：One day, the girl _1_ into the plane, started it and soon left the _2_. 1. A. climbe

8、d B. looked C. reached D. fell 2. A. house B. floor C. water D. ground 解析：1. A。2. D。根據(jù)生活常識，這女孩應(yīng)是先爬進(jìn)機(jī)艙，才能起動飛機(jī)，最后使飛機(jī)飛離地面。解題思路六：采取排除法。 解答完形填空題的過程中，有時我們會遇到這樣的情況：對某一題的正確選項(xiàng)的含義、用法不甚明白，但發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項(xiàng)有顯而易見的謬誤。這時我們可以嘗試排除法, 剔除錯誤的選項(xiàng)。隨著選擇圍的縮小, 選中正確選項(xiàng)的機(jī)會就會增大。例：However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled wit

9、h so much competition that it would be _1_ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, _2_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, _3_ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 3. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging解析：A。第3題的解

10、題步驟為：首先從動賓搭配上看，C選項(xiàng)（創(chuàng)造學(xué)生藝術(shù)品）可以排除，再從該句的上文看。上文說應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)競爭性小的活動，所以答案應(yīng)該是“展示學(xué)生藝術(shù)作品”。解題思路七: 找尋固定詞組、常用句型或習(xí)慣用法。 例1：A waiter appeared. He paused for just a second , walked into the water to _ the table and A. set B. wash C. remove D. check 解析：A。set the table 在飯桌上擺好刀叉等餐具準(zhǔn)備開飯。這是一種固定說法。例2. With it, astronauts will a

11、cquire a workhouse vehicle _ of flying into space and returning many times. A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit解析：A。be capable of是習(xí)慣搭配，意為“能夠”。建議： 1）注意詞語的搭配：動詞的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力較強(qiáng)，要記牢、記熟)。 do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury,

12、 etc.) make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, ones way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a f

13、uss, etc.) 2）形容詞與名詞的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，學(xué)生要注意“貌合神離”的詞語。如： lucky dog 幸運(yùn)兒、 right hand得力助手、 narrow escape死里逃生、 dark horse出人意料的獲勝者 3）有些形容詞可以加一個形容詞修飾，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，使表達(dá)更加生動。如：pitch dark（漆黑的）、brand new （嶄新的）、crystal clear（水晶般的）、wide open（得大大的）、fast asleep（睡得很熟的）、wide awake（完全醒著的）、icy cold（冰冷的）, etc. 4）有些形容詞可以和不同的介詞搭配，學(xué)生應(yīng)

14、注意比較、歸納。如：sick for 渴望、tired from因而疲勞、engaged in 忙于、 sick of 厭倦、tired of 對厭倦、engaged to 與某人訂婚。 解題思路八: 利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn), 選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1在完形填空中, 某一詞語通常重復(fù)出現(xiàn), 使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫, 從而構(gòu)成一個完整的意義整體。例1: First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 解析：D

15、。同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，由window-cleaner可知為clean the window。 2同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中。一個語篇，一個話題，要求有與之相連的詞匯。 1）名詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個名詞。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2）動詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個動詞。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismi

16、ssed 3)形容詞同現(xiàn); 就某一語境而言所能出現(xiàn)的形容詞也是有規(guī)律的。如：在學(xué)校這個語境中：（key）school（optional）course（compulsory）course 4) 結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn): 結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)批搭配之類的句型和成對出現(xiàn)的短語。如： some,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former,latter; sothat; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point o

17、f doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when; 例2: I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate

18、C. neighbor D. companion 解析：A。名詞同現(xiàn)，從room, furniture,等同現(xiàn)信息可知。 例3:We were _ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us togetherand said, A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 解析：A。結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，be about to do when 。 解題思路九：順應(yīng)文意,定位選詞。 做題時, 要充分利用上下文, 找到有提示作用的詞。這些詞可以是同義詞、近義詞或反義詞, 也可以是并列連詞或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞等等。例1: Afte

19、r you have learned to think of several words in English，then move on to the next stepthinking in _.A. sentencesB. passagesC.1essonsD. classes解析：A。需注意上下文邏輯推理以及名詞的含義。第一步是考慮單詞，接下來應(yīng)該是考慮句子。故選A。例2: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. danger

20、ous解析：A。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的提示，所填入的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反，因此答案為A。例3: Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened _1_. As was discussed before, it was not _2_ the 19th century that the newspaper becam

21、e the dominant pre-electronic _3_.1. A. between B. before C. since D. later2. A. after B. by C. during D. until3. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure解析：1. A. 2. D. 3. C。我們注意到文章講了兩個時間：20世紀(jì)和15、16世紀(jì)，而19世紀(jì)顯然是處在兩者之間，故第1題填between。第2題是一語法結(jié)構(gòu)題，固定結(jié)構(gòu)：It was not until-that-。第3題屬于前面介紹的"信息詞"題。上文中出現(xiàn)的

22、：television, printing, newspaper均說明該題應(yīng)填medium。解題思路十：仔細(xì)推敲, 注重邏輯。做完完形填空題后,要根據(jù)所選答案迅速地把文章完整地讀一遍, 看語法、慣用法對不對;看是否符合上下文的邏輯; 看是否符合故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展,以便更正可能的錯誤選擇。 一個完整的語篇應(yīng)該是符合邏輯的，文章邏輯關(guān)系的取得主要靠過渡詞的使用。作者利用轉(zhuǎn)承語保證文章的邏輯，學(xué)生在做完形填空時應(yīng)通過自己對上下文的理解，找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系，然后選擇正確的過渡詞。學(xué)生必掌握常見的過渡詞： 1. 遞進(jìn) in addition, furthermore, again, also, beside

23、s, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比較 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.對照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for

24、, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus 5.強(qiáng)調(diào) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially，in particular, absolutely, 6.讓步 although, though, after all, in spite of 7.舉例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other

25、 words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 時間和空間 afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 9. 總結(jié) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summar

26、y 例1: It has been many years since I was last in London _ I still remember something that happened during that visit.A. and B. for C. but D. as解析：C。根據(jù)句前的many years和句后的still remember，答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but。例2: Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess v

27、itamins. Many people _ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile解析：A。從句意可知，盡管服用額外的維生素是沒用的，但很多人還是會服用。Nevertheless的意思是“盡管如此，然而”，符合句意。練習(xí)：1A Welcome GiftDario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room

28、 was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 41 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 42 filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning, 43 , their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 44 under their door during

29、 the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano. Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理員) if he knew anything about it. But he said that they were all 45 people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggeste

30、d that they write a letter to their 46 and apologize for their playing.“Maybe we could go and 47 everyone in person.” his mother said.“What if we invited them to come here for a 48 instead? Dario asked.They both loved the 49 . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 5

31、0 their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩帶) and party lights.Finally, the day of the party 51 . Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to 52 . One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 53 Darios mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.“I heard you pla

32、ying the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. I 54 that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you dont think I disliked the playing.”Darios mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we 55 you an apology.” she said. “I didnt 56 how late it was wh

33、en we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.“You play, you play!” Mrs. Gilbert said. “I like what you play! Just not so loud at night.” She pointed to the book she had given them. “These songs are not such 57 music.”“These songs are beautiful music.” Darios mother said. “We

34、will be 58 to play them in the evening.”“And we wont play so loud or late!” Dario said. He was already looking forward to 59 the new music. More than that, however, he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers face. It gave him a feeling of 60 and made him feel that they were home at last.41. A.

35、 sat B. stood C. lay D. walked42. A. voice B. ringC. music D. cry43. A. therefore B. howeverC. otherwise D. instead44. A. note B. poster C. bill D.report45. A. proud B. richC. lucky D. nice46. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. audience47. A. blame B. instructC. question D. visit48. A. party B.

36、 concertC. show D. play49. A. experience B. ideaC. Performance D. action50. A. to B. withC. for D. from51. A. continued B. arrivedC. passed D. finished52. A. order B. sell C. share D. advertise53. A. treated B. presentedC. helped D. served54. A. promised B. admittedC. agreed D. worried55. A. give B.

37、 sendC. offer D. owe 56. A. realize B. remember C. understand D. accept57. A. sweet B. strangeC. funny D. loud58. A. brave B. sorry C. happy D. afraid59. A. changing B. practicingC. recording D. writing60. A. equality B. freedomC. warmth D. sympathy2Holly felt confused as she unwrapped the gift from

38、 her best friend, Susan. It was a twelve-by-eighteen-inch dark blue carpet. The murmured “thanks” was 41 heard as Holly tried hard not to allow her 42 to show. Then the two girls headed outside to play.The next morning, I carried a full kitchen bag outside. My heart 43 as I lifted the lid of the rub

39、bish can and saw Susans carpet lying on the bottom. Hesitating only a moment, I 44 in and picked it up, and then put it 45 in a closet. As there were a lot of things in our daily life , the carpet was soon 46 .Before Hollys birthday, Susan had been a(n) 47 visitor in our home. But one day I suddenly

40、 realized it was nearly three weeks 48 wed heard Susans name last time. The singing in the yard told me Holly had arrived home from school. “Susan invited me to her house after school tomorrow.” she 49 . Although her voice carried a so-what attitude, I 50 she was pleased by the invitation.A woman st

41、ood in the doorway to greet us as we 51 the small farmhouse. “Excuse the mess.” she apologized. Susan 52 showed us her room, which was neatly decorated with little used 53 . As the girls compared notes about the school day, I followed Susans foster mom(養(yǎng)母), Glenda , into the kitchen. 54 some cups of

42、 coffee, I came to respect this poor but generous-hearted woman who had adopted the young girl and attempted to make a(n) 55 to Susans life.As the evening drew 56 , we offered our thanks for the visit and said good-bye. Usually Holly talked a lot in the car. 57 , this time she sat quietly, lost in t

43、hought. When we got home, she rushed to the rubbish can. Her head 58 as she entered the house.I went inside and 59 for the closet. “Is this what you were looking for?” I placed the piece of carpet on the table in front of her. “Thanks, Mom.” A tear or two slipped from her eyes and splashed onto the

44、dark blue carpet which, as if by 60 , had become the most precious birthday present in the whole world.41.A. clearly B. hardly C. nearlyD. eventually 42.A. embarrassmentB. excitementC. amazementD. disappointment43.A. sankB. fellC. setD. broke44.A. dugB. reachedC. droppedD. looked45.A. away B. off C.

45、 out D. on46.A. rottenB. lostC. forgotten D. covered 47.A. commonB. normalC. ordinary D. regular48.A. until B. sinceC. before D. when 49.A. advisedB. commanded C. announced D. demanded 50.A. experiencedB. predicted C. doubtedD. sensed51.A. approached B. passedC. leftD. entered52.A. proudlyB. anxious

46、lyC. shyly D. cautiously53.A. rubbishB. furniture C. luggageD. equipment54.A. For B. BeyondC. In D. Over 55.A. influenceB. fortuneC. differenceD. meaning56.A. aroundB. closeC. near D. on 57.A. HoweverB. BesidesC. ThereforeD. Moreover58.A. lowered B. lifted C. held D. bent59.A. searched B. headed C.

47、lookedD. waited60.A. heart B. mistake C. magic D. chance3War started in our house in late July with a month to go before my first day of college. It was a battle of wills over what college I was to attend. Mom wanted me to attend a famous 41 school, and I wanted to go to a small writing college. Eve

48、ry night for two weeks, we argued, shouted and gave 42 treatments until both sides went to bed with regrets. It was mostly my 43 . Since my junior year of high school, I had 44 at being a nurse. I took all the science courses, and even worked as a 45 in my towns local hospital. My 46 was to help the

49、 sick and be superwoman to the world. Yet, 47 graduation and college neared, it all changed.Treating the sick was 48 , but not what I was meant to do for the 49 of my life. I could picture myself in hospitals, making rounds, and taking 50 , but I couldnt picture myself happy. It wasnt the 51 I wante

50、d. Then, I realized I had been creating and writing stories for as long as I could 52 . I loved it, and writing was what I had been doing as a 53 . It was going to be my career. And it had to be. On August 1st, Mom and I sat down at the dinner table and I told her that she had every 54 to choose whe

51、re to spend her money, just like I had every right to decide where I wanted to go to school. If it was her choice not to 55 any of my college education, then I would take a year off to work and earn money so I could go to the college I wanted. Standing by my decision to be a writer had 56 my firm be

52、lief to my mom. Finally we were at 57 , and she decided to support me, which 58 the world to me. Before that time, I had never stood up 59 my parents on any major decision. Choosing which college to attend 60 me to become a separate and complete adult. I am now finished with my first semester as a P

53、rofessional Writing major and I cannot wait to see what comes next.41. A. cookingB. gardening C. nursing D. writing42. A. medical B. warm C. mental D. silent43. A. fault B. success C. duty D. turn44. A. wondered B. aimed C. pointed D. looked45. A. student B. volunteer C. graduate D. doctor46. A. goal B. job C. task D. post47. A. before B. after C. until D. as48. A. rough B. noble C. mild D. easy49. A. part B. whole C. rest D. half50. A. notices B. examinations C. temperatures D. drugs51. A. future B. effect C. drill D. idea52. A. see B. wait C. find D. remembe