高中英語名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解

1、1 12021/3/9 名詞性從句名詞性從句 noun clause 主語從句主語從句subject clause 賓語從句賓語從句object clause 表語從句表語從句predicative clause 同位語從句同位語從句appositive clause2 22021/3/9請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.T

2、he fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主從主從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (定從定從) )( (主從主從) )3 32021/3/9n引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞： nthat（無意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何（無意義，

3、不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分）成分） nwhether, if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明從表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）句內(nèi)容的不確定性） nas if ,as though（均表示（均表示“好像好像”，“似乎似乎”） n以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 4 42021/3/9n連接代詞連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever n連接副詞連接副詞：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中

4、既保留自連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分 5 52021/3/9n不可省略的連詞：不可省略的連詞： n1. 介詞后的連詞介詞后的連詞 n2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。詞不可省略。 nThat she was chosen made us very happy. nWe heard the news that our team had won. 6 62021/3/9 在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句.引導(dǎo)詞有連引導(dǎo)詞有連詞詞that，whe

5、ther; 代詞：代詞：who, what ,which;副詞：副詞：when ,where, how, why等等.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)主語從句主語從句7 72021/3/91.It + be + 形容詞形容詞 that從句從句It is nec

6、essary /It is necessary / important/ obviousimportant/ obvious thatthat2.It + be + -ed分詞分詞 that從句從句It is believed that 人們相信人們相信It is known to us all that . 眾所周知眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定已經(jīng)決定3.It + be + 名詞名詞 that從句從句It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是It is a

7、fact that 事實是事實是4.It + 不及物動詞不及物動詞 that從句從句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起8 82021/3/9n另注意在主語從句中用來表示另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，等語氣時，謂語動詞要用謂語動詞要用 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：，常用的句型有： nIt is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) t

8、hat nIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 9 92021/3/9 主語從句中的主語從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意

9、isareis10102021/3/9n1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海上海)n A. What is required B .What requiresn C It is required D. It requiresn2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京北京)n

10、A. This B. There is C .That is D. It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)n A .where B .what C .that D. hown Exercises11112021/3/9 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞及物動詞) 或介詞之后?；蚪樵~之后。1.She di

11、d not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 賓語從句賓語從句 (作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語)(作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語)(作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語)12122021/3/9n1. 由連接詞由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 n由連接詞由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，

12、在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時句時,第二個分句前的第二個分句前的that不可省不可省。例如：。例如： nWe must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 13132021/3/9n注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建議、決定建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從等意義的動詞后

13、，賓語從句常用句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形動詞原形”。nI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。我堅持要她自己工作。 nThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。 14142021/3/9n2. 用用whether或或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與與if 在作在作

14、“是否是否”的意思的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用，不用if： na. 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)主語從句主語從句并在并在句首句首時；時；b. 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語從句表語從句時；時；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語介詞賓語時；時；d. 從句后有從句后有“or not”時；時；e. 后接后接動詞動詞不定式不定式時。時。15152021/3/9nWhether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. nThe question is whether she should have a low opinio

15、n of the test? nEverything depends on whether we have enough money. nI wonder whether he will come or not. nCan you tell me whether to go or to stay? 16162021/3/9 賓語從句中的賓語從句中的“時態(tài)呼應(yīng)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移” 若主句謂語動詞為若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含等，其后的賓語從句若含

16、有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：謂語用肯定式。例如：He told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作已經(jīng)完成了工作)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會來這里我認(rèn)為他不會來這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finished17172021/3/9n4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)

17、自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 18182021/3/9當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時

18、，過去進(jìn)過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如： nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 19192021/3/9賓語從句中用賓語從句中用it作形式賓語作形式賓語We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用語時，一般用

19、itit來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。補后面。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.20202021/3/9Exercises: “it”作形式主語或形式賓語：作形式主語或形式賓語： 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should

20、 be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them ABBC21212021/3/9在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣表語從句表語從句

21、1.問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個問題的這就是亨利怎么解決這個問題的.3.天看起來要下雨了天看起來要下雨了.The problem is_This is_.It looks_.that we have lost touch with him.how Henry solved the problem.as if it is going to rain.22222021/3/9n需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時，表時，表語從句要用語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是引導(dǎo)而不是because。nThe reason why he was l

22、ate was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。句。 23232021/3/9在句中起同位語的作用在句中起同位語的作用. .一般放在名詞一般放在名詞fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, belief, truth 等之等之后后, ,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞用以說明或解釋前面的名詞. .引導(dǎo)詞有連詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞 that(

23、that(不能省不能省) )；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等. .1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位語從句同位語從句24242021/3/9n同位語從句和同位語從句和定語從句定語從句的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： nthat作為關(guān)系代詞

24、，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。略。 nI had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略） nHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作

25、賓語，可以省略）引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略） 25252021/3/9Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧遼寧) A. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a fee

26、ling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as26262021/3/9(1) They want to know _ do to help us.(1) They want to kno

27、w _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putA. where Alice had put B. whe

28、re had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. who he is C. who is it D. who it isBCI.語序問題語序問題考點歸納考點歸納D歸納歸納 在名詞性從句

29、中，除了在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，外，其它部分其它部分應(yīng)用應(yīng)用_的語序的語序。陳述陳述27272021/3/9II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.n5. _ they can do it matters

30、 little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用面的賓語從句只能用_，不能用，不能用if ；b.后面緊跟后面緊跟 or not 時時, 用用_.歸納歸納whetherwhether28282021/3/9III. that 與與whether / if 的選擇：的選擇： (1) _ knowledge comes from practi

31、ce is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?whether / ifthatthat 表示是否時用表示是否時

32、用_,表示肯定時用表示肯定時用_歸納歸納whether /ifthat29292021/3/91._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語， 表示表示“所所的的”。That

33、WhatThatwhat歸納歸納. that， what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別30302021/3/9. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. W

34、hateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不不含有疑問意義含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個定語從句，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個定語從句，而而n_等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho, what 31312021/3/91. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are so speci

35、al that I would do _ I can to save them. which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame. AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseExercises32322021/3/9. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested

36、that a meeting (should) be held immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示表示建議建議, 請求請求, 命令命令, 要求要求,堅持堅持等的名詞性從句中等的名詞性從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用虛擬語氣.歸納歸納33332021/3/92.在主語從句中用來表示在主語從句中用來表示驚奇驚奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理應(yīng)如此

37、理應(yīng)如此等等, 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用虛擬語氣( should ) + do,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,) that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so.34342021/3/9試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that th

38、ey were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語從句中的同位語從句中的thatthat只起連接作用。只起連接作用。 2. 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。( (同從同從) )( (定從定從) )拓展拓展35352021/3/91.The question is _the film is worth seeing.

39、A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; becauseConsolidation:36362021/3/94. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why