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1、英語(yǔ)詞性的分類(lèi)及用法一、詞性的分類(lèi)詞類(lèi)又叫詞性,英語(yǔ)單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個(gè)大類(lèi)1 名詞 noun n. student 學(xué)生2 代詞 pronoun pron. you 你3 形容詞 adjective adj. happy 高興的4 副詞 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5動(dòng)詞verb v. cut砍、割6 數(shù)詞 numeral num. three 三7 冠詞 article art. a 一個(gè)8 介詞 preposition prep. at 在.9 連詞 conjunction conj. and 和10 感嘆詞 interjection interj.
2、oh 哦前六類(lèi)叫實(shí)詞,后四類(lèi)叫虛詞。二、名詞名詞概論名詞專(zhuān)用名詞普通名詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞不口數(shù)名詞抽象名詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以 s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbus-buseswatch-watchesce, se, ze, (d)ge等結(jié)尾的 詞加-slicense-licenses以輔首字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加esbaby-babies名詞的格在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加s來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱(chēng)為該名詞的所有格,如:a teachers book 。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下
3、:1)單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有 s,也要加s,如the boys bag 男孩的書(shū)包, mens room 男廁所。2) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加,如:the workers struggle 工人的斗爭(zhēng)。3)凡不能加s的名詞,都可以用名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。4)在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞,如:the barbers 理發(fā)店。5)如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有s,則表示分別有;只有一個(gè)s,則表示共有。如:Johns and Marys room (兩間) J
4、ohn and Marys room(間)6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ),s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。如:a month or twos absence三、代詞代詞pronoun簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)pron是代替名詞的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英 語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身 代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種人稱(chēng)代詞的用法:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ),her作主補(bǔ))a. - Who
5、 broke the vase?- 誰(shuí)打碎了 花瓶?b. - Me.-我。(me 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)=Its me.)并列人稱(chēng)代詞的排列順序1)單數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q(chēng) 一 第三人稱(chēng) 一 第一人稱(chēng)you he/she; it - I指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that )和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those )兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,疑問(wèn)代詞指人: who, whom, whose 指物: what既可指人又可指物:which代詞比較辯異 one, that和itone表示泛指,that和it表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類(lèi),但不是同一個(gè),而 it與所指 名詞為同一個(gè)。
6、I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.( 同類(lèi)但不同個(gè) )I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.( 同一物 )四、冠詞冠詞是印歐語(yǔ)系和閃含語(yǔ)系的諸語(yǔ)中,位于名詞或名詞詞組之前或之后,在句子里主要是對(duì)名詞起限定作用的詞。冠詞是一種虛詞。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one同源,是一個(gè)的意思。定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this , that同源,有那(這)個(gè)的意思。1)特指雙方都明白的人
7、或物:Take the medicine.把藥吃了。2)上文提到過(guò)的人或事:He bought a house. Ive been to the house.3)指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物:the sun , the sky , the moon , the earth4)單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類(lèi)事物,如:the dollar 美元 ;the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類(lèi)人:the rich 富人 ; the living 生者。5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only, very, same 等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second
8、floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體:They are the teachers of this school. 指全體教師)They are teachers of this school.( 指部分教師)7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。8)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱(chēng)、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級(jí)、等專(zhuān)有名詞前:the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)9)用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前:She plays the piano. 她會(huì)彈鋼琴。10) 用在
9、姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫婦)11) 用在慣用語(yǔ)中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon , evening),the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water , field , country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way,
10、go to the theatre零冠詞的用法冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。He raises a black and a white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓。2) 如后一個(gè)形容詞無(wú)冠詞,則指一物。He raises a black and white cat. 他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。冠詞位置1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。注意:a. 位于下列形容詞之后:such , what , many , half,such an animal ; Many a manb. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, howev
11、er, enough 修飾時(shí), 不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.c. quite , rather 與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng) rather , quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lotd. 在 as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語(yǔ)為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后:Brave a man though he is , he trembles at the sight of snakes.當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。
12、2) 定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前,但放在all, both , double , half,twice , three times 等詞之后,名詞之前。All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。五、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞的用法1 )倍數(shù)表示法a. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。b.主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount , length
13、 )of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49 倍。c.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí) + thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.d.還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1 時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)
14、:1/3 one-third ;3/37 three and three-sevenths六、形容詞及其用法形容詞(adjective),簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)adj.或a.,很多語(yǔ)言中均有的主要詞類(lèi)中的一種。主要用來(lái)修飾名詞的詞,表示事物的特征。形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài),和特征的程度好壞,與否。形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing 為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice以 -ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞1 ) friendly , deadly , lovely , lonely , likely , lively , ugl
15、y, brotherly ,仍為形容詞。2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。daily , weekly , monthly , yearly , earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.用形容詞表示類(lèi)別和整體某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如: the dead , the living ,the rich , the poor , the blind , the hungry多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì),類(lèi)別
16、-名詞a small round table ; a tall gray building ; a dirty old brown shirt ; a famous German medical school典型例題:1 ) Tony is going camping with _ boys.A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案: C。2)One day they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese
17、stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old答案 A.3) How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends , and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案:B 。七、副詞及其基本用法副詞(adverb ,簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為adv)是一種用來(lái)修
18、飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、全句的詞,說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念的詞。副詞是一種半虛半實(shí)的詞。副詞可分為:地點(diǎn)副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和連接副詞。副詞的排列順序:時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。注意:副詞enough 要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough 放在名詞前后都可。I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close 與 closelyclose 意思是近 ;close
19、ly 意思是 仔細(xì)地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 與 latelylate 意思是 晚 ;lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)1) 規(guī)則變化可修飾比較級(jí)的詞a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等典型例題:1 ) Are you feeling ?Yes
20、 , Im fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better答案: B. any 可修飾比較級(jí),quite 修飾原級(jí),well 的比較級(jí)為better.2 ) The experiment waseasier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much答案: C. much 可修飾比較級(jí),因此 B, C 都說(shuō)得通,但 easier 本身已是比較級(jí),不需 more ,因此 C 為正確答案。3 ) If there were no exa
21、minations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案: D 。典型例題1 ) The weather in China is different from.C. America D. that in AmericaA. in America B. one in America答案:D.本題意為中國(guó)的天氣比美國(guó)熱?!北容^的是天氣而不是國(guó)家, C不能選。A沒(méi)有 名詞,后句成分不全,排除。 B和D中
22、,B中的one常用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞,而 that可車(chē)以 代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選 Do2 ) After the new technique was introduced , the factory produced tractors in 1988 asthe year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as答案C.此句意為這個(gè)廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍。表示倍數(shù)用倍數(shù)+ as +形容詞原形+ as +比較對(duì)象”的句型。所以此句答案為CoThis ruler is th
23、ree times as long as that one八、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ),可分為兩類(lèi),分別是:及物動(dòng)詞( Transitive Verb)、不及物動(dòng)詞I Intransitive Verb ),縮寫(xiě)形式分別為 vt.和vi.。在英語(yǔ)中按動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語(yǔ),可以把動(dòng)詞分成兩種:及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞vt.字典里詞后標(biāo)有 vi.的就是不及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語(yǔ))。若要跟賓語(yǔ),必須先在其后添加上某個(gè)介詞,如to,of ,at后方可跟上賓語(yǔ)。及物動(dòng)詞: 又稱(chēng)“他動(dòng)詞”。又稱(chēng)“外動(dòng)詞”。動(dòng)詞的一種。它所表示的動(dòng)作常涉及動(dòng)作者 以外的事物,如“吃”、
24、“穿”、“讀”、“寫(xiě)”等。字典里詞后標(biāo)有vt.的就是及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后必須跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語(yǔ)) ,并且可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。不及物動(dòng)詞:字典里詞后標(biāo)有vi.的就是不及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語(yǔ))。若要跟賓語(yǔ),必須先在其后添加上某個(gè)介詞,如 to,of ,at 后方可跟上賓 語(yǔ)。具體每個(gè)動(dòng)詞后究竟加什么介詞就得聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)了系動(dòng)詞1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞:用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài),只有 be一詞,例如:He is a teacher.2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞:用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay,lie, stand, 例如:He always
25、kept silent at meeting.他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。3)表像系動(dòng)詞:用來(lái)表示看起來(lái)像”這一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.他看起來(lái)很累。4)感官系動(dòng)詞:感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5)變化系動(dòng)詞:這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣,變化系動(dòng)詞有become, grow, turn, fall, get,go, come, run. 例如: He beca
26、me mad after that.自那之后,他瘋了。6)終止系動(dòng)詞:表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove, turn out,表達(dá)證實(shí),變成之意,例如:The search proved difficult.搜查證實(shí)很難。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1)不定式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have beendone2)動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3)分詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done
27、否定形式: not +不定式,not +動(dòng)名詞,not +現(xiàn)在分詞十、連詞連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞,短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類(lèi):并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, bothand, notonly but also, either or, neither nor, (andhennotbut 意思為不是 而是not和but后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。They were not t
28、he bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.比較so和such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many , few , much , little連用,形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n.so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)so + adj. + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)so + adj. + n.不可數(shù)such +n.不可數(shù)so fooli
29、sh ; such a foolso nice a flower ; such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers ; such nice flowersso much/little money ; such rapid progressso many people ; such a lot of people十一、介詞介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞,在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。 介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi),短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介 詞、方
30、式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞,一、I念:1 ) 介詞(是prepositions ,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)prep),又稱(chēng)前置詞,是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類(lèi)之一, 連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。特別是一些常用介詞的搭配力特別強(qiáng),可以用來(lái)表示各種不同的意思。英語(yǔ)里大部分習(xí)語(yǔ)都是由介詞和其他詞構(gòu)成的。介詞在句中一般不重讀。在定語(yǔ)從句介詞+who/which ”的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 不能用 that 代替 who/which 。 She is a good student from who we should learn.2 )介詞的 種類(lèi) 介詞 分簡(jiǎn)單介詞 和短語(yǔ)介詞 兩種,簡(jiǎn)單 介詞及單個(gè) 介詞,如 in ,under ,on ,for ,af
31、ter , 等,短語(yǔ)介詞指多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的介詞,如 in front of ,out of ,instead of ,far from ,apart from 等。二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講介詞口訣:自從以當(dāng)為按照,由于對(duì)于為了到;和跟把比在關(guān)于,除了同對(duì)向往朝;用 在名詞代詞前,修名代要記牢。 省略介詞的幾種情況1、表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)中如果有next, last, one , this , every , each , some , any , all等單詞時(shí),不用介詞Can you come to see me next Monday ?下周你能來(lái)看我嗎?We got married last year
32、我們?nèi)ツ杲Y(jié)的婚。You can come any day you like你哪天來(lái)者 B 行。2、在口語(yǔ)中,星期名稱(chēng)前得 on常被省略Why don t you come and play (on) Sunday evening ?星期日晚上到我家來(lái)玩不好嗎?3、在不定冠詞a或an (a或an的意思是 每一)的短語(yǔ)中,不用介詞。three meals a day 一 日三餐thirty miles an hour 每小時(shí)三十英里4、在what time前的at經(jīng)常被省略,尤其在口語(yǔ)中。(At) what time did she say she was coming ?她說(shuō)她幾點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)?5、含有
33、 height (高度),length (長(zhǎng)度),size (尺碼),shape (現(xiàn)狀),age (年齡), colour (顏色),weight (重量)等詞語(yǔ)在句子中做表語(yǔ)時(shí),短語(yǔ)前不用介詞。She is just the right height to be a model她的身高正合適當(dāng)模特。What size are your shoes ? 你的鞋是多大號(hào)的?Her bag is the same color as mine她的包和我的包顏色一樣6、在 in the same way , in this way , in another way 等短語(yǔ)中,in 常常被省略Plea
34、se try it again (in) the same way 請(qǐng)用同樣的方法再試次7、在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)中,for常被省略They stayed there (for) six months 他們?cè)谀抢锎?6 個(gè)月時(shí)態(tài)名稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用法例句現(xiàn)在 時(shí)1 be動(dòng)詞用 am/is/are 表小,之后 接名詞,形 容詞或介 詞。often;usually;every ;sometimes;always;never;once/twice/ a一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)表示沒(méi) 有時(shí)限的 持久存在 的習(xí)慣性 的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài),或 現(xiàn)階段反 復(fù)發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)陳述旬:I am an office w
35、orker.He is so lazy.They areat home now.否定句:I am not Tim.Sheis not very beautiful.They are not in the office.TK 妣問(wèn)句: Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?2行為動(dòng)詞 用V原形或 V-s/es ,弓 1 導(dǎo)疑問(wèn)句和 否定句,用 do或 don t ;第 三人稱(chēng)時(shí)用 does 或 doesn t, 有does出現(xiàn) 動(dòng)詞用原 形;第三人 稱(chēng)陳述句V 后力口 s或es.week/month/year;onSundays/Monday
36、s/.;陳述句:I work in Shanghai.He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句:I don t like the food in KFC.Davy doesn t like the food in KFC either.一般疑問(wèn)句:Do you want a cup of coffee? Doesshe live near the subway station?過(guò)去 時(shí)。1. be動(dòng)詞用 過(guò)去式was 或were表 示。yesterday;the day before yesterday;lastweek/month/
37、year/ .;ago;a moment ago;just now;on/in+過(guò)去的時(shí)間;在過(guò)去時(shí) 間里所發(fā) 生的動(dòng)作陳述旬:I was a big boss.He was beautiful.We were in Beijing lastyear.否定句:I was not at homeat that moment.We were not at workyesterday.TK妣問(wèn)句:Were you a teacher?Wasshe in the office last week?或行在的 狀態(tài)。2行為動(dòng)詞 用V-ed,陳 述句,疑問(wèn) 句和否定句 借助于did, 有did出現(xiàn) 動(dòng)詞用原
38、 形。陳述句:I worked in Sunmoon.Westudied English there. He lived in HongKong. 否定句:I didn t work here.They didn t see me. She liked English a lot.TK妣問(wèn)句:Did you go toAmerica?Did he work in Sunmoon?時(shí) 態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用 法例句名 稱(chēng)1任何人稱(chēng)+will+V 原形.tomorrow,the day after tomorrow;即將發(fā) 生動(dòng)作 或狀陳述句:I will fly to KongKong tomo
39、rrow.He will go with us.soon;nextweek/month/year/;We will arrive in Shanghai next week. 否定句:I will never believe you again.一股 將來(lái) 時(shí)theweek/month/year/. after next;on/in +將來(lái)的時(shí)間;in+一段時(shí)間;.He will not come tonight.We will not buy a car next year.TK妣問(wèn)句:Will you go there by train?W川 he come tomorrow?W川 the
40、y live a five-star hotel?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形,表小計(jì) 劃打算做什么事 情。陳述旬:I mgoing to go to Kongkong by air.否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般妣問(wèn)句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑問(wèn)句:How are you going to tell him?過(guò) 去 將was/were going to +V原形多用在賓語(yǔ)從句中在過(guò)去 將會(huì)發(fā) 生的動(dòng)陳述句:I was going to buy a computer
41、.They told me that they來(lái) 時(shí)作。were not going to go abroad.否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.任何人稱(chēng)+would +V原形Hesaid he would comein in Shanghai.I said I would buy you a car one day.時(shí) 態(tài)名 稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)常連用的詞主要用 法例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)s/am/are+V-ingnow;at present;at the moment;Look!(放在句首);Listen!( 放在句首);表示現(xiàn) 在(指 說(shuō)話人 說(shuō)話時(shí)) 止在發(fā) 生的事
42、 情。陳述句:I mwaiting for m) boy friend.He is doing the housework at home now.Weare enjoying ourselves. 否定句:He is not playing toys.TK妣問(wèn)句:Are you having dinner at home?Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?特殊疑問(wèn)句:What are you doing now?Where are they having a meal?過(guò) 去 進(jìn) 行 時(shí)was/were+V-ingat that time;at this time
43、yesterday;at+時(shí)間點(diǎn) +yesterday/last night;at that moment;過(guò)去一 段時(shí)間 止在發(fā) 生的動(dòng) 作。陳述旬:I was doing my homework at that time.We were having a party while he was sleeping.否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o clock last night. TK妣問(wèn)句:Were you watching TV at that time?特殊疑問(wèn)句:What were you doing at that moment?時(shí) 態(tài)名 稱(chēng)結(jié)構(gòu)常連用
44、的詞主要用 法例句現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時(shí)have/has+p.p (過(guò)去分詞)already ; just ; before;yet(否定句中);ever; never ; once/twice/ for+ 一段時(shí)間;since +時(shí)間點(diǎn);since+ 段時(shí)間+ago;by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間;so far; up to now;till now; until now;recently/lately;during/over/in the past/last用來(lái)表 示之前 已發(fā)生 或完成 的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài), 其結(jié)果 的確和 現(xiàn)在肩 聯(lián)系。動(dòng) 作或狀 態(tài)發(fā)生 在過(guò)去 但它的 影響現(xiàn) 在還存 在;也可 表不持 續(xù)到
45、現(xiàn) 在的動(dòng) 作或狀 態(tài)。簡(jiǎn)單 的說(shuō),就 是動(dòng)作 已經(jīng)發(fā) 生對(duì)現(xiàn) 在造成 明顯的 影響。陳述旬:I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.He has lived here for nearly 10 years.否定句:I haven t finished my homework.Tim hasn t come yet.We haven t heard any news about himTK妣問(wèn)句:Has he worked here since he came here?特殊疑問(wèn)句:Howlong have you worke
46、d in this company?特別注意:1. have/has always been+ 名詞/形容詞/介詞:總是或一直是 什么樣了。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy. They have always been in America.2. have/has gone to:去了。 He has gone to Beijing.They have gone to the cinema.3. have/has been to:表示去過(guò) 或到過(guò)。I have been to Canada. Have you b
47、een to Hongkong?Where have you been? I have never been here.過(guò) 去 完 成had + p.p(過(guò)去分 h)過(guò)去的過(guò)去:by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間;表“過(guò)去某動(dòng)作或時(shí) 問(wèn)以前”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。動(dòng)作發(fā) 生在過(guò) 去的過(guò) 去。陳述句:He said he had told Davy.They told us they had finished the work.He left the office after hehad called Davy.否定句:She hadn t haddinner before she went out.時(shí)TK妣問(wèn)句:Had
48、she learntEnglish before she moved here?特殊疑問(wèn)句:how many Englishwords had he learnt by the endof last year?補(bǔ)充:一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, must, may。may 沒(méi)有否定形式。陳述句:I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.否定句:I can t swim at all. You mustn (表示禁止)smoke in the office.般疑問(wèn)句 :Can you wait a minut
49、e? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?特殊疑問(wèn)句:How can I get there? What must I do now?由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成,cancould.She could walk when she was one year old.I could not speak English one year ago.二、各種時(shí)態(tài)用法補(bǔ)充:1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (1)在由 after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the mome
50、nt 以及 if,unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例:I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看見(jiàn)他,就把消息告訴他。(2)某些表示起始的動(dòng)詞,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有: be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave 等。(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as 等引導(dǎo)的從句中,也常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例: Tomorrow at this time w
51、e ll give $500 to any one who brings hitmo justice.2、一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)be going to +v 在口語(yǔ)中廣泛使用,表示準(zhǔn)備做或即將發(fā)生的事情。例: I m going to buy a house when we ve saved enough money.(2)be to +v 表示計(jì)劃安排將要做的事。例: There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.(3)be about to+v 表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例: We are about to start.(4)be due to+v 表示預(yù)先確定了
52、的、必定要發(fā)生的事。例: His book is due to be published in October.他的書(shū)預(yù)定10 月份出版。(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例: The country is on the verge of civil war.這個(gè)國(guó)家就要打內(nèi)戰(zhàn)了。3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與always, continually, constantly 等連用(多表示贊揚(yáng)或厭惡等語(yǔ)氣)。例: John is always coming late. 約翰總是遲到。(2)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安
53、排在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。具有這種語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于過(guò)渡性動(dòng)詞,即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。常用的有;go, come, leave,start, arrive,return 等。例: They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.他們下個(gè)月去香港。(3)有些動(dòng)詞一般不能使用進(jìn)行時(shí),這是一類(lèi)表示“感覺(jué) ”、 “感情 ”、 “存在 ”、 “從屬 ”等的動(dòng)詞。如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞 );hate, love, fear, like, want,wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的動(dòng)詞 );be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng) 詞 ); have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form( 表示占有與從屬
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