光學(xué)分析概論

1、1，cchhEE，注：光基態(tài)激發(fā)態(tài)釋放能量發(fā)光hMM*發(fā)射光譜激發(fā)態(tài)光基態(tài)吸收輻射能量*MhM吸收光譜轉(zhuǎn)振電分EEEEchhE能級(jí)差轉(zhuǎn)振電EEE遠(yuǎn)紅外吸收光譜紅外吸收光譜可見吸收光譜紫外轉(zhuǎn)振電mevEmevEmevE2525005. 0005. 025. 125105. 025. 106. 0201CABeerlALamber定律：定律：nlSII吸光質(zhì)點(diǎn)數(shù)為厚度為物體截面為透過光強(qiáng)為入射光強(qiáng)為0 xxdISdnkSdSdnkdSdnI透過薄層減弱的光強(qiáng)為幾率光子通過薄層被吸收的不讓光子通過的面積為薄層的吸光質(zhì)點(diǎn)數(shù)為設(shè)入射光強(qiáng)為SdnkIdIxxnIIxxSdSkIdI00SnEIISnkII

2、00lglnClSnCVnlVS和由lCEIIBeerLamber0lg定律表達(dá)式lCETAIITlg0吸光度透光率lECAT1010或：吸光系數(shù)EcbaAAAA總lCAE%1110cmEM下測(cè)定須在較小的左右測(cè)定靈敏度高maxmaxmaxmaxlCAEAA樣參調(diào)節(jié)光路光學(xué)性質(zhì)和厚度相同樣品池樣品溶液，參比池空白溶液樣品池參比池配制樣品的溶劑空白溶液ATA%1000 注：采用空白對(duì)比消除因溶劑和容器的吸收、光的散射和 界面反射等因素對(duì)透光率的干擾lCEA21020121IIII和為對(duì)應(yīng)的透過光光強(qiáng)分別和入射光光強(qiáng)分別為的光組成和設(shè)入射光由波長(zhǎng)為lECIIlCEIITA10lglg0002010

3、201020102010201211212110101010IIIIIIIIIIIITlCEElCElCElCE）（又0201020111210lglgIIIIlCETAlCEE）（偏離線性關(guān)系越嚴(yán)重與）（定律不成線性關(guān)系，偏離與成線性關(guān)系CAEEBeerCAEElCEAEE1221121TlElEAClCETAlg1lgTTTCClg434. 0濃度的相對(duì)誤差0)lg()lg434. 0(434. 0)lg434. 0(2TTTTTTTdTd對(duì)應(yīng)最小的測(cè)量誤差，%80.36434. 0lgTT%5 . 0%1%2 . 0TT今假設(shè)大多數(shù)分光光度計(jì)的適宜測(cè)量范圍7 . 02 . 0%20%65

4、：AT測(cè)定結(jié)果相對(duì)誤差較小 棱鏡棱鏡對(duì)不同波長(zhǎng)的光折射率不同對(duì)不同波長(zhǎng)的光折射率不同色散元件色散元件 分出光波長(zhǎng)不等距分出光波長(zhǎng)不等距 光柵光柵衍射和干涉衍射和干涉 分出光波長(zhǎng)等距分出光波長(zhǎng)等距鎢燈或鹵鎢燈鎢燈或鹵鎢燈可見光源可見光源 3501000nm氫燈或氘燈氫燈或氘燈紫外光源紫外光源 200360nm光電池光電池光電管光電管光電倍增管光電倍增管二極管陣列檢測(cè)器二極管陣列檢測(cè)器min%11maxmax，shcmE45. 315. 388. 170. 155036127836155036127812AAAAVB，三處最大吸收，定性鑒別：藥典規(guī)定%06. 01002101 . 1%/101 .

5、 1100/101 . 1143505. 0334%11腎上腺酮mlmgmlglEACcmlECA定量依據(jù)：要求單色光前提：iECAmLgCigW 求含樣過程：已知稀釋)/(/)(lEAmLgCi100/lALmolCi/或%100%樣CCiimLgmLglEAC/0 .20100/00200. 01207414. 0mLgmLgCi/1045. 2100/1045. 21207507. 053mLgC/1050. 2100101001050. 252樣%0 .98%1001050. 21045. 2%100%5512樣CCBi%)0 .764(591. 01001025000.2036725

6、5iEAmLmLmLmgmlmLHCL求已知測(cè)移取稀至樣品稀至吡啶 mLgmLglEACi/1092. 7100/1092. 7764591. 064%0 .99%10025010100100 . 21092. 7%100%26樣CCii條件前提：固定儀器和測(cè)定CACKA樣樣同上條件固定條件查得測(cè)定樣品曲線分別測(cè)定配制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列過程：CAACA標(biāo)樣標(biāo)樣標(biāo)樣標(biāo)樣AACCAACCmLmgmLmLmLmg250 . 32550/200. 0樣品標(biāo)樣分別移取標(biāo)樣與樣品濃度相近；截距為固定儀器和測(cè)定條件；前提：0標(biāo)樣和分別測(cè)定一定過程：AASiSiAACCsCiCCSiSiAAmm%100%mmiimLg

7、CCii/1 .98518. 0508. 01000100000.25105 . 2%1 .98%100%12標(biāo)示量標(biāo)示量iCB1207508. 01050. 2iiClEACmLgCi/1 .98%1 .98%100%12標(biāo)示量標(biāo)示量iCBcbaAAAA總定量依據(jù)：aaaaaaEACCEA1111由bbbbbbEACCEA2222由bbaaAEAE222111；測(cè)定；測(cè)定過程：babaaaAEEAE2222111；和測(cè)定；測(cè)定過程：aaaaaaEACCEA1111由bbaababaCECEAAA22222由baababECEAC222babababaAEEAEE22221111；和測(cè)定；和測(cè)

8、定bbaababaCECEAAA11111bbaababaCECEAAA22222bababbabbaaEEEEEAEAC12211221babaabaababEEEEEAEAC12212112babababaAAAAAA222111babbaabababaAAAAAAAAA)()(212121aaAAa2121和的等吸收點(diǎn)選bbbbbbbbaCECEEAAA)(2121bbabbbabEAEEAC21bbAAb 2 1 2 1和的等吸收點(diǎn)選aaaaaaabaCECEEAAA)(21 2 1abaaabaaEAEEAC 2 1 倍率因子令KAAbb21)()()()(1212112212aabbababbababaAKAAKAAAAAKAKAAbA1bA2aaaaabaCEKEAKAA)(1212的干擾消除了bCAaba9 .927%11cmEmLgmLgCi/10900. 4100/10900. 419 .927463. 064mLgC/10000. 55052001000.1063樣%0 .98%10010000. 510900. 4%100%66樣咖啡酸CCi5052001稀釋因子注：%11cmE12000 .10