可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與綠色發(fā)展課件

1、可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與綠色發(fā)展Sustainable Consumption and Green Development國(guó)合會(huì)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與綠色發(fā)展課題組 CCICED Task Force on Sustainable Consumption and Green Development主要活動(dòng) Principal Activities2012年9月，項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)會(huì)暨課題組第一次全體會(huì)議Sep. 2012, Inception Workshop (First Plenary Working Meeting)2013年11月， 國(guó)合會(huì)年會(huì) Nov. 2013, CCICED AGM2013年9月，課題組第四次全

2、體會(huì)議Sep. 2013, Fourth Plenary Working Meeting2013年1月，課題組第二次全體會(huì)議Jan. 2013, Second Plenary Working Meeting2013年5月，課題組第三次全體會(huì)議暨海外會(huì)議與交流May 2013, Third Plenary Working Meeting and International Study Tour課題背景 Background 不可持續(xù)的消費(fèi)模式引起日益惡化的城市空氣污染和日益增加的城市垃圾。Unsustainable consumption patterns have resulted in wo

3、rsening urban air pollution and increasing municipal waste. 中國(guó)整體生產(chǎn)生活方式正在轉(zhuǎn)變、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)正逐步調(diào)整。The overall production mode and living style are changing and economy is restructuring in China. 提出生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，完善了制度環(huán)境。Ecological civilization development improves institutional context. 城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展為可持續(xù)消費(fèi)發(fā)展帶來(lái)巨大機(jī)遇。Accelerated u

4、rbanization presents golden opportunities for the development of Sustainable Consumption.課題目標(biāo)與任務(wù) Project Objectives and Tasks可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Production可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)與啟示International Experiences and Inspiration for Sustainable Consumption in China.中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與綠色發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略建議Re

5、commendations for Chinas Sustainable Consumption and Green Development in China. 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的政策與未來(lái)趨勢(shì)Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China.可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Production可持續(xù)消費(fèi)包括以經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和環(huán)境可持續(xù)的方式滿足今世后代對(duì)商品和服務(wù)的需求。政府應(yīng)制定和執(zhí)行可持續(xù)消費(fèi)政策, 以及將這些政策同其他公共政策相結(jié)合。Governments s

6、hould promote the development and implementation of policies for Sustainable Consumption and the integration of those policies with other public policies.Sustainable Consumption includes meeting the needs of present and future generations for goods and services in ways that are economically, sociall

7、y, and environmentally sustainable.基本理念Principles政府應(yīng)與工商界和民間社會(huì)有關(guān)組織合作, 擬訂和執(zhí)行一套綜合政策和促進(jìn)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)戰(zhàn)略, 包括法規(guī)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)手段；取消那些助長(zhǎng)不可持續(xù)消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)模式的補(bǔ)貼。Governments, in partnership with business and relevant organizations of civil society, should develop and implement strategies that promote Sustainable Consumption through a

8、mix of policies that could include regulations; economic and social instruments;removal of subsidies that promote unsustainable patterns of consumption and production.聯(lián)合國(guó)保護(hù)消費(fèi)者準(zhǔn)則（2003） United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection (2003)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Produ

9、ction 可持續(xù)消費(fèi)是綠色發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的核心組成部分，與中國(guó)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)密切相關(guān)，對(duì)中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程至關(guān)重要。 Sustainable Consumption is a central component of any Green Development strategy. Furthermore, Sustainable Consumption is closely aligned with Chinas unique approach of creating an Ecological Civilisation and is important for Chinas on-going urba

10、nisation process.可持續(xù)消費(fèi)將是解決當(dāng)前中國(guó)城市環(huán)境污染的重要組成部分。Sustainable Consumption will be an important component to finding solutions for the current environmental challenges of Chinas cities.可持續(xù)消費(fèi)也可成為推動(dòng)解決貧富差距和城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平差異的有效途徑。Sustainable Consumption can be an approach to bridge the gap between the rich and poor a

11、nd differences in living standards between urban and rural areas.可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Production資料來(lái)源：中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒2012 Source: China Statistical Yearbook 20121978-2011年中國(guó)消費(fèi)貢獻(xiàn)、投資貢獻(xiàn)率變化趨勢(shì)Contributions to Growth in 1978-2011Contribution of ConsumptionContribution of Investment

12、1978-2011年中國(guó)最終消費(fèi)支出、增長(zhǎng)率示意圖Chinas final Consumption and Increasing Rate in 1978-2011資料來(lái)源：中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒2012 Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2012Final consumption (0.1 billion Yuan) Final increasing rate (%)v 促進(jìn)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)：挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇 Sustainable Consumption: Challenges and Opportunities可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Susta

13、inable Consumption and Production中國(guó)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)、南非的基于購(gòu)買(mǎi)力平價(jià)(PPP)的人均消費(fèi)與生態(tài)足跡的關(guān)系（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：中國(guó)科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所&世界銀行WDI數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，2008）Relation between PPP Based Per Capita Consumption and Ecological Footprints in China, USA, UK, and South Africa (Sources: CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Researc

14、h & World Bank WDI Database, 2008) v 挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇 Challenges and OpportunitiesPer capita ecological footprint/global hectarePurchasing Point Parity (PPP) Based Per Capita Consumption/thousand USDChinaSouth AfricaUKUSA可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Productionv 挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇 Challenges an

15、d Opportunities文化娛樂(lè)、教育及其他服務(wù)類的比重較低Low proportion of entertainment, education, and other service consumption.服務(wù)業(yè)占GDP比重不到50%、生態(tài)足跡的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益偏低Proportion of service industry in GDP less than 50%, low benefits for the corresponding ecological footprint.轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，提升資源效率帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益Transition and upgrading to improve cost

16、-benefit brought by resource consumption.中國(guó)現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)濟(jì)及消費(fèi)模式：高消耗、低效益Chinas economy and its innate consumption patterns: high energy consumption and low benefit.可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Productionv 挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇 Challenges and Opportunities住房、交通、食品等領(lǐng)域資源環(huán)境壓力大，生態(tài)足跡較高，應(yīng)優(yōu)先推動(dòng)可持續(xù)消費(fèi).Housing,

17、mobility, and food are the major domains that generate high ecological footprint and impose large pressures on environment & resources, and should be priority domains to boost sustainable consumption. 中國(guó)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)、南非的家庭消費(fèi)足跡分類（數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：全球足跡網(wǎng)絡(luò)，2011）Ecological Footprint of Different Types of Household Cons

18、umption in China, USA, UK, and South Africa (Source: Global Footprint Network, 2011)圖例 Legend中國(guó)China美國(guó)USA英國(guó)UK南非South Africa45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%食物Food煙草消費(fèi)Wines and Tobacco服裝鞋類Clothes and Shoes住房Housing家裝維修House Decoration and Maintenance健康Health Care交通Transportationt通訊Communications文化娛樂(lè)Cultur

19、al and Entertainment Services教育Education旅館飯店Hotel and Restaurant Services其他服務(wù)Other Services可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的基本理念Principles of Sustainable Consumption and Productionv 挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇 Challenges and Opportunities在住房這一需求領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展可持續(xù)消費(fèi)，可以減少中國(guó)城市建設(shè)領(lǐng)域?qū)Τ跫?jí)金屬、鋼材、木材和混凝土需求增長(zhǎng)。Sustainable Consumption in the building of new housing can

20、reduce Chinas growing need for primary metals, steel, timber and concrete in urban construction.將可持續(xù)消費(fèi)模式應(yīng)用于交通領(lǐng)域，可以有效減少油耗，減少大氣污染物排放。Promoting SC in transportation patterns, could substantially reduce Chinas oil consumption and air pollution. 中國(guó)重視家庭用品和其能源與材料使用效率，有利于糧食安全與食品安全。Chinas emphasis on househo

21、ld goods and their energy and material efficiency is already one of the best efforts at providing better product choices to consumers.機(jī)遇Opportunities中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的政策與趨勢(shì)Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China051015202530354045501999200120032005200720092011消費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)總值GDP的比重Consumption rate as p

22、ercentage of GDP年份 Year城鄉(xiāng)居民消費(fèi)率Consumption rate of rural and urban residents城鎮(zhèn)居民消費(fèi)率 Consumption rate of urban residents農(nóng)村居民消費(fèi)率 Consumption rate of rural residents12.0% 4.3%7.3%中國(guó)的人均消費(fèi)水平在幾個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)中是最低的Consumption per capita in China is the lowest among large economic powers.投資增長(zhǎng)率過(guò)高，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出國(guó)內(nèi)的消費(fèi)水平。Domestic c

23、onsumption could not keep up the very high growth rates in investments.v 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀： Status Quo of Sustainable Consumption in China: v 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀： Status Quo of Sustainable Consumption in China: 既有進(jìn)展又受制約，消費(fèi)不足與消費(fèi)浪費(fèi)并存 Progress and constraints, consumption insufficiency and extravagance co-existing.消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)率

24、低于GDP增長(zhǎng)率、高儲(chǔ)蓄率、分配不公等;Consumption increase rate GDP growth rate; high savings rate; unfair distribution of income.可持續(xù)消費(fèi)能力提升，消費(fèi)環(huán)境改善，國(guó)民意識(shí)開(kāi)始形成，消費(fèi)對(duì)象豐富。Sustainable consumption capability increases; sustainable consumption environment improves; national awareness of sustainable consumption is forming; goods

25、 for sustainable consumption become enriched.中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的政策與趨勢(shì)Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China 有利于新能源發(fā)展的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼政策 The financial subsidy policy for new energy 節(jié)能服務(wù)行業(yè)的投資政策 The investment policy for energy-saving service industries 建立可再生能源的發(fā)展基金 The establishment of a fund for the developme

26、nt of renewable energies 替代燃料汽車(chē)（主要是電力方面）的補(bǔ)貼政策 The provision of subsidies for alternative fuel (mainly electric) automobiles 對(duì)乘用車(chē)稅率結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整 The adjustment of taxes for passenger cars中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的政策與趨勢(shì)Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in Chinav 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)現(xiàn)狀： Status Quo of Sustainable Consumption in Chi

27、na: v 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)政策的缺失和差距 Deficiencies of existing Policies promoting Sustainable Consumption in China未納入國(guó)家發(fā)展計(jì)劃和重要法律Sustainable Consumption has not been integrated into national development plans and major laws.1未充分考慮中國(guó)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差異Existing policies related to Sustainable Consumption do not sufficiently cons

28、ider differences in Chinas regional economic development.32缺乏有效的落實(shí)體制Sustainable Consumption policy lacks effective enforcement.4未系統(tǒng)地列入國(guó)家政策框架內(nèi)Sustainable Consumption has not been systematically instituted into national policy frameworks. 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的政策與趨勢(shì)Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in Chi

29、na缺乏可持續(xù)消費(fèi)指標(biāo)體系Lack of Sustainable Consumption index.5v 中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)政策的缺失和差距 Deficiencies of existing Policies promoting Sustainable Consumption in China中國(guó)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的政策與趨勢(shì)Sustainable Consumption Policies and Trends in China低碳城鎮(zhèn)化 Low-carbon urbanization家庭與個(gè)人消費(fèi)行為改變 Changes in household and individual consumer beh

30、aviour 創(chuàng)新型商業(yè)模式 Innovative business models高品質(zhì)的綠色產(chǎn)品 High-quality green products國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力增強(qiáng) Enhanced international competitiveness社會(huì)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)增多 Enhanced opportunities for social development among others 中國(guó)還沒(méi)有能夠大力 推動(dòng)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的系統(tǒng)化 政策措施 A systematic policy approach that strongly pushes for SC could not be identified.將

31、可持續(xù)消費(fèi)作為優(yōu)先政策可以形成眾多機(jī)會(huì)A number of opportunities for China that would result from making SC a policy priority.TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTSustainable Consumption and Production可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)Production生產(chǎn)Consumption消費(fèi)Integrate Sustainable Consumption Into National Political And Social-Economic Development Frameworks建議1 ：將可

32、持續(xù)消費(fèi)納入國(guó)家政治與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展框架 Resource extractionTransportManufac-turingRetailUse-phaseEnd-of-lifeEnable Institutional Innovations For SC In The Administrative System And Society在執(zhí)政體系內(nèi)與全社會(huì)中推動(dòng)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)制度創(chuàng)新Rec. 1建議一Rec. 2建議二Rec. 3建議三Initiate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships For SC建立多利益相關(guān)方參與的可持續(xù)消費(fèi)合作關(guān)系 TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT

33、RECOMMENDATION 1: Integrate Sustainable Consumption into National Political and Social-Economic Development Frameworks建議1 ：將可持續(xù)消費(fèi)納入國(guó)家政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展框架 1.1 Feature Sustainable Consumption prominently in the 13th Five-Year Plan在“十三五規(guī)劃”中著重強(qiáng)調(diào)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)1.2 Integrate Sustainable Consumption into existing legislation

34、將可持續(xù)消費(fèi)納入現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)1.3 Adjust existing economic instruments and specific policies to support implementation of laws and regulations 調(diào)整現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)手段和具體政策，促進(jìn)法律和法規(guī)的實(shí)施1.4 Integrate SC into Chinas low-carbon urban development strategy將可持續(xù)消費(fèi)納入中國(guó)的低碳城市發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 1.5 Develop a national SC Roadmap and SC Action Plan to suppor

35、t implementation制定國(guó)家可持續(xù)消費(fèi)路線圖與可持續(xù)消費(fèi)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃以輔助實(shí)施 Strategic Recommendation No 1 戰(zhàn)略建議一TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTSuggested Implementation Timeline: 建議實(shí)施時(shí)間Whom to involve? 參與方International experiences 國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn):RECOMMENDATION 1: Integrate Sustainable Consumption into National Political and Social-Economic Development Frame

36、works建議1 ：將可持續(xù)消費(fèi)納入國(guó)家政治與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展框架 SCP Action Plans as macro-level framework for SC (e.g. EU and Brazil)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃作為可持續(xù)消費(fèi)的宏觀框架（歐盟、巴西）Green Public Procurement Law (Japan) 綠色公共采購(gòu)法（日本）National EU Member States policies 歐盟成員國(guó)的相關(guān)政策State Council 國(guó)務(wù)院Various ministries and agencies 各部委和機(jī)構(gòu)Ministry of Environm

37、ental Protection環(huán)保部 20152020Legislation updates立法修訂SC Law可持續(xù)消費(fèi)法SC in 13th Five Year Plan納入十三五規(guī)劃Strategic Recommendation No 1 戰(zhàn)略建議一TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTRECOMMENDATION 2: Enable institutional Innovations for SC in the administrative System and Society建議2：在執(zhí)政體系內(nèi)與全社會(huì)中推動(dòng)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)制度創(chuàng)新2.1Set up an inter-ministerial

38、 cooperation mechanism on SC and Green Development建立可持續(xù)消費(fèi)與綠色發(fā)展部際間協(xié)調(diào)合作機(jī)制 2.2Enhance credibility and independence of Chinas product certification systems提高中國(guó)產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證體系的公信力與獨(dú)立性2.3Initiate local pilot projects for Sustainable Consumption 開(kāi)展可持續(xù)消費(fèi)地方試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目 2.4Develop and apply SC indicator systems建立并應(yīng)用可持續(xù)消費(fèi)指標(biāo)體系

39、Strategic Recommendation No 2 戰(zhàn)略建議二TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTInternational experiences 國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn):EU Ecolabel, Germanys “Blue Angel”, Danish Eco-food label 歐盟生態(tài)標(biāo)識(shí)，德國(guó)藍(lán)色天使，丹麥生態(tài)食品標(biāo)簽One Planet Living Communities in UK 英國(guó)一個(gè)地球生活社區(qū)SC Indicators of the European Environment Agency 歐洲環(huán)境署的可持續(xù)消費(fèi)指標(biāo)RECOMMENDATION 2: Enable insti

40、tutional Innovations for SC in the administrative System and Society建議2：在執(zhí)政體系內(nèi)與全社會(huì)中推動(dòng)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)制度創(chuàng)新20152020Whom to involve? 參與方Various ministries and agencies 各部委和機(jī)構(gòu)National and int. product certification bodies 國(guó)內(nèi)外產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)Local governments & communities地方政府和社區(qū)National and int. research institutions 國(guó)內(nèi)

41、外研究機(jī)構(gòu)Local community pilots 地方社區(qū)示范Enhancing product certification提升產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證Mainstreaming SC indicators主導(dǎo)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)指標(biāo)Suggested Implementation Timeline 建議實(shí)施時(shí)間Strategic Recommendation No 2 戰(zhàn)略建議二TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTRECOMMENDATION 3: Initiate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships for SC建議3：建立多利益相關(guān)方參與的可持續(xù)消費(fèi)合作關(guān)系 3.1Build capa

42、city of local government to establish SC practices加強(qiáng)地方政府能力建設(shè)，推動(dòng)可持續(xù)消費(fèi)實(shí)踐3.2Engage the private sector (particularly retailers and financial institutions) 充分利用私營(yíng)部門(mén)的力量（特別是零售商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)）3.3Enable civil society initiatives and public participation 支持民間行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)公眾參與3.4Collaborate with the international community 推動(dòng)國(guó)

43、際合作Strategic Recommendation No 3 戰(zhàn)略建議三TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXTWhom to involve? 參與方International experiences: 國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)RECOMMENDATION 3: Initiate Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships For SC 建議3：建立多利益相關(guān)方參與的可持續(xù)消費(fèi)合作關(guān)系 EU Retailer Forum & Food Roundtable 歐洲零售商和食品圓桌會(huì)議Independent consumer advisory centres (Germany) 獨(dú)立的消費(fèi)

44、者咨詢中心（德國(guó)）Community initiatives & online sharing platforms (US) 社區(qū)行動(dòng)和在線合作消費(fèi)平臺(tái)UNEP 10 YFPUNEP10年框架計(jì)劃Suggested implementation Timeline 建議實(shí)施時(shí)間Stakeholder partnerships利益相關(guān)方合作行動(dòng)UNEP and int. organisations 聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境署和其他國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)Local government (procurement agencies and national consumer associations) 地方政府（采購(gòu)機(jī)構(gòu)和消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)）Private sector (retailers and financial instituti