高中英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義及習(xí)題

1、必修五Unit1講義characteristic n. 特征；特性 指某人或某物天生有別于他人的內(nèi)部特質(zhì)Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. character （高考三大意思）1. 表示人的“性格”或“品質(zhì)”They are twins but have quite different characters. It's that kind of courage and determination that makes 

2、;him such a remarkable character 2. 表示小說或戲劇等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Who is the main character in the play? 3. 表示“文字”，指書寫符號(hào)或印刷符號(hào)等，是可數(shù)名詞。如：He writes beautiful characters. Chinese character 漢字analyse sb's character   build and form one's character   radium n.

3、 鐳painter n. 畫家；油漆匠必修注意：paint做動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)意思：1. 繪畫 2. 粉刷，油漆put forward 提出；把時(shí)鐘往前撥，把東西往前移（常忘記的詞組）Who put forward a theory about black holes?He put forward a new plan. Put your watch forward; it's five minutes slower. Why don't you put your chair forward to get a better view?&#

4、160;put down 記下；放下；鎮(zhèn)壓put out 熄滅put aside 放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留 put off 推遲；延期put up；舉起；張貼；搭建 put on 穿上；上映，上演；增加put away 收好，整理，歸類The band are hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year.I can eat what I 

5、want but I never put on weight We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in commonscientific adj. 科學(xué)的conclude vt. & vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出conclusion n. 結(jié)論；結(jié)束draw a conclusion 提出結(jié)論anal

6、yse vt. 分析infect vt. 傳染；感染（病毒，疾?。?，或者污染（比如說水質(zhì)被污染不干凈了）affect effect 辨析 affect強(qiáng)調(diào)影響的動(dòng)作，過程。（做動(dòng)詞）The divorce affected Jim deeplyClimate and weather affect every aspect of our lives effect強(qiáng)調(diào)影響的結(jié)果（一般做名詞，有時(shí)也動(dòng)詞），常接句型：have an effect on sth.If an

7、area is affected by flooding, the effect can be devastating。infectious adj. 傳染的defeat vt. 打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n. 失敗辨析win, beat與defeatwin “贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat “戰(zhàn)勝”“擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與defeat互換We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team won the state championship by

8、beating / defeating all the other teams.expert adj. 熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的n.專家；行家attend vt. 照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加 （照顧可加to也可不加）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting/schoolattend to : to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顧，看護(hù)The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.Mother had to attend to her sick son.physician n.

9、醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師 physicist:物理學(xué)家doctor 醫(yī)生,是個(gè)通用詞,幾乎什么場(chǎng)合都能用.physician 主要是指“內(nèi)科醫(yī)生”,與“外科醫(yī)生（surgeon）（此單詞要背）”相對(duì),當(dāng)然在美語(yǔ)中我也經(jīng)常聽到普通醫(yī)生也說surgeon.expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光exposeto（to做介詞） 使顯露；暴露But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(書本原句) 但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通人時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。exposed to ch

10、olera 在句中是過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。意為“患霍亂的”。如：The book written by Luxun is very popular. The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun. be exposed to sth.(to做介詞)His skin is exposed to the sun We are supposed to be exposed to as much art and culture as pos

11、sible.deadly adj. 致命的cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治療outbreak n. 爆發(fā)；發(fā)作（尤指疾病或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn) vt. 向挑戰(zhàn)victim n. 受害者victim是受害人，受傷或在意外中死亡的人都可以稱為victimNot all the victims survived.sufferer是受難者或患病者，一般指遭受苦難或患病的人absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使專心 句型：be absorbed in(1)專注，聚精會(huì)神be absorbed input ones heart into = concentrate on 集中精力

12、做某事I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear your call. Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot food and sleep.（2）吸收，把吸收入 Black cloth absorbs light.黑布吸收光線。The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could g

13、ive him.suspect vt. 懷疑 n. 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯enquiry n. 詢問 (此單詞高考少見，不過生活中倒是見得多，=inquiry)比如說某個(gè)單位的問詢處，公安辦案的詢問，都是此單詞neighbourhood n. 附近；鄰近 in the neighborhood 在附近severe adj. 嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)厲的 (=so serious)I was caught in a severe storm last night and couldnt go back home in time.He has such a severe illness that he has

14、 been in hospital. I suffered a severe attack of toothache.clue adj. 線索；提示pump n. 泵；抽水機(jī) vt. （用泵）抽（水）Cambridge 劍橋大街foresee vt. 預(yù)見；預(yù)知fore為前綴：在前面，在以前。由此可得出很多詞匯的大概意思forearm n. 前臂 forehead n. 前額foresight n. 先見之明,遠(yuǎn)見,深謀遠(yuǎn)慮 foretaste n. 預(yù)嘗,先試foretell v. 預(yù)言,預(yù)測(cè) forewarn v. 預(yù)先警告foreword n. 前言,引言,序 forecast v./n

15、. foreground n. 前景 （background 背景）investigate vt. & vi. 調(diào)查investigation n. 調(diào)查blame vt. 責(zé)備；譴責(zé) 過失；責(zé)備blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.因某事責(zé)備某人They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.blame sth. on sb. / sth. 把某事歸咎于某人 The police blamed the traffic accident on jacks careless driving.be to bla

16、me for(doing)sth 因(做)某事某人應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)；注意:be to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.pollute vt. 污染；弄臟handle n. 柄；把手 vt. 處理；操縱 = deal with （此單詞兩個(gè)意思老會(huì)忘記其中一個(gè)，必須牢記）germ n. 微生物；細(xì)菌link vt. & n. 連接；聯(lián)系linkto 將和聯(lián)系或連接起來announce vt. 宣布；通知certainty n. 確信；確實(shí)instruct vt. 命令；指示；教

17、導(dǎo)responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的 （be responsible for 對(duì).有責(zé)任）名詞形式為 responsibility 責(zé)任初學(xué)此單詞及其容易與response混淆response n. 回應(yīng)，回復(fù) （the response to）,動(dòng)詞形式為respondThere has been no response to his remarks from the government construct vt. 建設(shè)；修建construction n. 建設(shè)；建

18、筑物 （under construction 在建設(shè)當(dāng)中）contribute vt. & vi. 捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致，助于1.此單詞初三學(xué)過一個(gè)短語(yǔ)為 make a contribution to（為.作出貢獻(xiàn)）This invention made a major contribution to road safety.2. His research has contributed a lot to our understanding of this disease.He promised to contribute $5,000 to the school rebuilding p

19、roject.3. contribute to可表示“導(dǎo)致，促成；有助于”。此句型的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思有點(diǎn)類似于lead toSmoking certainly contributed to his early death.apart from 除之外；此外1）相當(dāng)于besides.意為“除以外（還包括）”Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well. 除了母語(yǔ)外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語(yǔ)。2）相當(dāng)于except.意為“除以外（不包括）”I like all the subjects apart from Eng

20、lish.除了英語(yǔ)外，我喜歡所有學(xué)科。firework n. 煙火（燃放）chart n. 圖表creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的co-operative adj. 合作的positive adj. 積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的（be）strict with 對(duì)嚴(yán)格的revolutionary adj. 革命的；重大變革的movement n. 移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng)；動(dòng)作make sense 講得通；有意義It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat for these cheaper ones are just as good

21、.backward adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）loop n. 圈；環(huán)privately adv. 私下地；秘密地spin vi. & vt. (使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡（線或紗）brightness n. 明亮；亮度；聰穎enthusiastic adj. 熱情的；熱心的 句型： be enthusiastic about cautious adj. 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的 be cautious about 對(duì).謹(jǐn)慎 名詞是：cautionreject vt. 拒絕；不接受；拋棄universe n. 宇宙；世界 過去分詞作定語(yǔ)1)語(yǔ)法功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句

22、The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection. The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection. the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一顆破碎的心 a lost dog喪家之犬 a broken

23、glass被打破的玻璃杯 Attention：過去分詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。Is there anything unsolved?  There is noting changed here since I left this town.b. 過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句。people exposed

24、 to cholera= people who was exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last yearc. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)，只表完成。 a risen sun已升起的太陽(yáng) the gone days 逝去的時(shí)光 fallen leaves 落葉2） 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： The lette

25、r posted yesterday will soon reach him. Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?the changing world（正在變化的）the changed world（變化了的） boiling water（正在沸騰的）boiled water（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）fading flowers(正在凋謝的) faded flowers（已經(jīng)凋謝的）a developing country(發(fā)展中的) a developed country（發(fā)達(dá)的）a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drow

26、ned man已經(jīng)淹死的人falling leaves正在飄落的樹葉 fallen leaves落葉a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯3）及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(done)與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(being done)都可以表示“被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.the problem discussed yesterday is very complicatedthe problem being discussed is very complicated 過去分詞做表語(yǔ)1 過去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于ad

27、j.,說明的是主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.He looked worried after reading the letter.常見作表語(yǔ)的過去分詞有： disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,gone, dressed, lost等。 注意 過去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表

28、達(dá)的意思明顯不同，前者說明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。My glasses are broken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài)）My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。（動(dòng)作）1. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Afr