全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程4 電子教案 Unit2

1、Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsListening ComprehensionWarm-up Questions Background Information Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsListening Comp

2、rehensionThinking Before ListeningThinking While ListeningListening and SpeakingSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsBackground Information Automobile Industry Global Positioning SystemIntelligent Transportation System Supplem

3、entary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsThinking Before ListeningThe title of the passage you are going to listen to is “Cars of the Future”. Write down three questions about cars of the future.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed

4、 ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars Thinking While Listening Listen to the passage and find out if it answers the questions you asked in Exercise 1.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsWhat ki

5、nd of car will we be driving in 2010? Rather different from the type we know today, with the next 20 years bringing greater change than the past 50. Their vision is of a machine with three wheels instead of four, electrically powered, environmentally clean, and able to drive itself along “intelligen

6、t” roads equipped with built-in power suppliers. Future cars will pick up their fuel during long journeys from a power source built into the road, or store it in small quantities for traveling in the city.Instead of todays seating arrangements two in front, two or three behind, all facing forward th

7、e 2010 car will have a versatile interior with adults and children in a family circle.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsThis view of the future car is based on a much more sophisticated road system, with strips built into m

8、otorways to supply power to vehicles passing along them. Cars will not need drivers, because computers will provide safe driving control and route finding. All the driver will have to do is say where to go and the computer will do the rest. It will become impossible for cars to crash into one anothe

9、r. The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Carsclean driving: electrically powered, environmentally cleansafe driving: controlled by computermore comfortable: a ve

10、rsatile interior with the adults and children in a family circle Listening and Speaking Listen to the passage again and say what changes will make driving: cleaner? safer? more comfortable? Tips: Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Sma

11、rt CarsWarm-up Questions What do you think is the most profitable and powerful industry of the 20th century, computer, automobile, petroleum or airplane?2. What do you think will be the most profitable and powerful industry in the 21st century, communication, astronautics, biology or construction?3.

12、 What is the greatest invention in the world so far?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars4. If you could afford a car, would you buy one? Which brand would you like to have?Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlo

13、bal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsAutomobile Industry The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the world, affecting not only economies but also cultures. It provides jobs for millions of people, generates billions of dollars in worldwide revenues, an

14、d provides the basis for a multitude of related service and support industries. Automobiles revolutionized transportation in the 20th century, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business.Between 1886 and 1898, about 300 automobiles were built, but there was no real established indu

15、stry. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsA century later, with automakers and auto buyers expanding globally, automaking became the worlds largest manufacturing activity, with more than 53 million new vehicles built each yea

16、r worldwide. Automobile manufacturers are among the largest companies in the world. These corporations are often multinational. These companies often share parts, or use parts made in foreign factories. The U.S. automobile industry produced 16.8 million vehicles in 1999. The three major automobile m

17、anufacturers in the United StatesGeneral Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and Daimler Chrysler AGprovide three fourths of the industrys total direct employment in the United States.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsG

18、lobal Positioning System Global Positioning System is a space-based radio-navigation system, consisting of 24 satellites and ground support. GPS provides users with accurate information about their position and velocity, as well as the time, anywhere in the world and in all weather conditions.GPS de

19、termines location by computing the difference between the time that a signal is sent and the time it is received. GPS satellites carry atomic clocks that provide extremely accurate time. As of March 1994, 24 GPS satellites were in operation. Replenishment (補(bǔ)給) satellites are ready for launch, andSup

20、plementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Carscontracts have been awarded to provide satellites into the 21st century. GPS applications continue to grow in land, sea, air, and space navigation. The ability to enhance safety and to decreas

21、e fuel consumption will make GPS an important component of travel in the international airspace system. Airplanes will use GPS for landing at fogbound (為濃霧所困的) airports. Automobiles will use GPS as part of intelligent transportation systems. Emerging technologies will enable GPS to determine not onl

22、y the position of a vehicle but also its altitude.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Carsproblems. For example, using advanced surveillance (監(jiān)視) systems, the early stages of a traffic bottleneck situation can be detected, and tr

23、affic can then be directed to other routes to mitigate (減輕) the congestion and to provide faster and more efficient routes for travelers. New technologies enable this type of surveillance and guidanceIntelligent Transportation System Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to transportation

24、systems which apply emerging hard and soft information systems technologies to address and alleviate (緩解) transportation congestionSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Carsresponse to occur in real time, and therefore, to allow po

25、tential congestion situations to be addressed before they develop into serious traffic jams.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsPart Division of the TextFurther UnderstandingTrue or FalseSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlob

26、al ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsFurther UnderstandingText AnalysisLanguage Focus Answer the QuestionsSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars True or False1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that car accidents report

27、s can be found in newspaper nearly everyday. FThe number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we dont even bother to mention them in the newspaper anymore.( )Scan Text A and decide whether the following statements are true or false.Supplementary ReadingAfter Re

28、adingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars2. A smart car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy.T( )3. The computer in the car will totally eliminate the cases of getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. FThe computer can have a positive impact on these problems, but it

29、is unlikely to cure them.( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars4. The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a satellite. FThe satellite sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a cars com

30、puter.( )5. By establishing the relation between the rotations in the steering wheel and the cars position on a map, the computer can tell us where the car is. T( )Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars Part Division of the TextPartsPara(s)Mai

31、n Ideas113 249 New technology will have a dramatic impact on cars and highways in the 21st century. With the aid of advanced technology, smart cars will be so designed that they can help eliminate traffic accidents, determine their own precise locations and warn of traffic jams. Supplementary Readin

32、gAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsPartsPara(s)Main IdeasGPS and “telematics” will make it possible to build smart highways, which will benefit us in more than one way. 10133Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 S

33、mart Cars1. Answer the Questions How important was the automobile industry in the 20th century? 2. 3. Did the automobile industry change a lot in the last seventy years?What will happen to cars and roads in the 21st century?4. Why does the author say the key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors

34、? Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsText Analysis In this part, the author lists the features of smart cars. Can you summarize these features?Tips: Smart cars can eliminate most car accidents.Smart cars can alert the police and provide pre

35、cise location if stolen.Smart cars can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby.Smart cars can alert the sleepy driver.Smart cars can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams..5.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart

36、CarsLanguage Focus We may encounter some difficult words or phrases in reading. Shall we consult the dictionary immediately? An efficient reader will make a guess based on knowledge of word-formation or knowledge of the word in the context. For example, can you guess the meaning of “blink spot” in t

37、he following sentence? Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning.There might be an accident if you change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”. How could it happen? Supplementary Rea

38、dingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsHow come you dont know the existence of the car? It must be that you cannot observe the car from the rear-view mirror. Here comes the possible meaning of “blind spot”: a portion of the road behind a car, which a driver can

39、not observe from the rear-view mirror.Now try to guess the meaning of “Global Positioning System” (Para. 7) and “atomic clocks” (Para. 7). Word-formation may also provide much information about the meaning of the word.For example, what is telematics? The prefix “tele-” means “distant”, the suffix “-

40、matics” may be the end part of “informatics”. So telematics must be a branch of knowledge concerned with long-distance transmission.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsNow try to guess the meaning of “prototype” (Para. 6) and “interstate” (P

41、ara. 12). Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry.Smart CarsEven the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchang

42、ed for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution. The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Supplementary ReadingAft

43、er ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsThe car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors. “Well see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” pre

44、dicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporations ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accide

45、nts is so vast that we dont even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Cars Smart cars have already been built which can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden

46、in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning. Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could

47、 eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetail

48、ed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart Carsdrivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver. At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as yo

49、u drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a drivers f

50、ace and eyes. If theSupplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsTwo of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a po

51、sitive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to

52、 determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet.Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsAt any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four

53、“atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory. As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a cars computer. The cars computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long i

54、t took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellites signal can be converted into a distance. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsIn Japan there are already over a million cars with s

55、ome type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The commercial industry is poised to explo

56、de,” says RandyHoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems. Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woodsthe list of potential uses is endless. Supplementary

57、ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsGPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made

58、in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver

59、.” The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled b

60、y computer. Supplementary ReadingAfter ReadingDetailed ReadingGlobal ReadingBefore ReadingUnit 2 Smart CarsPromoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. If successful, by 2020,