肺癌研究報告Lung cancer(英文)

1、完整編輯ppt1完整編輯ppt2lClinical manifestationlDiagnosis procedurelDifferential diagnosis完整編輯ppt3lMalignant tumors are cancer. They can invade and damage nearby healthy tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also break away from the tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. That is how cancer

2、spreads and forms tumors in other parts of the body. The spread of cancer is called metastasis.完整編輯ppt4lDefinition : Bronchogenic carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of the lung arising from the epithelium of the bronchus. l 完整編輯ppt5lLung Cancer Facts & Figures Lung cancer is especially common amo

3、ng men in North America, Europe, and Oceania. At the moment, lung cancer rates are higher than ever before among the people of central and Eastern Europe. In Japan, lung cancer has increased tenfold in men and eightfold in women since 1950. In addition, Chinese women, many of whom are nonsmokers, ha

4、ve very high lung cancer rates. This phenomenon has been associated with exposure to cooking oil vapors and other forms of air pollution in the indoor environments of China. 完整編輯ppt6lThe trachea splits into right and left The trachea splits into right and left main stem bronchi.main stem bronchi. Th

5、e main stem bronchi are the major air passages from the trachea to the lungs and are similar to the trachea in tissue composition. The main stem bronchi enter each lung and progressively branch off into paired subdivisions throughout the entire organ (the tracheobronchial tree). 完整編輯ppt7lIt is estim

6、ated that tobacco smoking causes 80% of lung cancer deaths in men and 75% of lung cancer deaths in women. The more cigarettes that are smoked each day and the younger the age at which smoking began, the greater the risk of lung cancer .完整編輯ppt8lCompeting risk factors such as secondhand smoke, asbest

7、os, radon, occupational exposures, age, race, sex, and heredity also may play a role in lung cancer development (see Lung Cancer Risk Factors). Additionally, there are some studies suggesting that lung cancer may be prevented by dietary micronutrients such as carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and s

8、elenium. 完整編輯ppt9lEnvironmental Risk Factors lAlcohollDiet and Body MasslNon-modifiable Risk Factors Age Age RaceRace SexSex 完整編輯ppt10squamous cell carcinoma,squamous epithelium of the lungs or bronchi adenocarcinoma, cancer of the glandular tissuelarge cell carcinoma, cancer composed of large-sized

9、 cellsbroncho-alveolar carcinoma 完整編輯ppt11lNon-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. 完整編輯ppt12lSmall cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20% of all primary lung cancers l The histologic distinction between non-

10、small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer is extremely important. There are substantial differences between the two groups in both treatment and prognosis. 完整編輯ppt13lPeople often decide to visit the doctor only after they have been bothered by certain complaints over a period of time. Indivi

11、duals who have lung cancer frequently experience symptoms such as: 完整編輯ppt14Cough Shortness of breath Wheezing Chest pain Hemoptysis (bloody, coughed-up sputum) Loss of appetite Weight loss Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs) 完整編輯ppt15Weakness Chills Swallowing difficulties Speech difficulties or

12、changes (e.g., hoarseness) Finger/nail abnormalities (e.g., clubbing, or overgrowth of the fingertip tissue) Skin paleness or bluish discoloration 完整編輯ppt16l1.If sputum analysis does not provide a definite diagnosis, more tests will be needed. 2.Bronchoscopy, a visual examination of lung branches us

13、ing a flexible scope performed by a pulmonologist l 3.X-ray完整編輯ppt17Chest radiograph (X-ray) to see whether there are enlarged lymph nodes in the chest or a localized mass in the lungs. CT scan, a computer-assisted technique that produces cross-sectional images of the body. Magnetic resonance imagin

14、g (MRI)完整編輯ppt18正常胸片正常胸片完整編輯ppt19 右肺下葉背段癌右肺下葉背段癌完整編輯ppt20肺癌胸片肺癌胸片完整編輯ppt21周圍型肺癌周圍型肺癌CT片片完整編輯ppt22周圍型肺癌胸片周圍型肺癌胸片完整編輯ppt23T = tumor size N = node involvement M = metastasis status完整編輯ppt24Click here for image enlargement. 胸內(nèi)淋巴結(jié)分布胸內(nèi)淋巴結(jié)分布完整編輯ppt25lAs is true of many cancers, the treatment of lung cancer

15、 depends upon a variety of factors. The most important factors are the pathologic type of tumor and its stage. Once a lung cancer has been staged, the physician and patient can discuss treatment options. lAn individual then has a better idea of the value of different forms of therapy. Other factors

16、that are taken into account include the persons general health, medical problems that may affect treatment (such as chemotherapy), and tumor characteristics. 完整編輯ppt26lSurgical resection, or cutting away, of the tumor generally is indicated for disease that has not spread beyond the lung. Such resec

17、tion may be conducted using a variety of techniques. 完整編輯ppt27lRecently, surgeons have developed other less invasive procedures for the removal of tumorous tissue. For example, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), uses a video camera to help visualize and operate upon the lung within the chest cavity. 完整編輯ppt28lIf the tumor is more aggressive and/or widespread, che