概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)1.1隨機(jī)事件

1、Foreign Languages Department,Pingdingshan Institute of TechnologyBook New College English 2 平頂山工學(xué)院外語(yǔ)系 李攀登WritingWhat do you think of growing up?Is it easy or full of adventures?Russell BakerTo find the answers in the song:Say a little prayer before you go to sleep, every day in every way, its gettin

2、g better and betterIts a long way to go, a hard row(行,列) to hoe(鋤).Life is just what happens to you while youre busy making other plans.Lead-inLead-inWriting For Myselfnit OneHomeworkLooking AheadIntroduction to the ContentDiscovering StructureLanguage StudyFurther DevelopmentBackground informationI

3、.Pulitzer PrizeII.Author: Russell BakerIII. Spaghetti vs. Noodles in ChinaIV. American Educational SystemLooking AheadLooking Ahead普利策獎(jiǎng)普利策獎(jiǎng) Pulitzer prize 以J.普利策的遺贈(zèng)為基金設(shè)立的獎(jiǎng)金。開始于1917年 ，分設(shè)文學(xué)、歷史、音樂(lè)、新聞等獎(jiǎng)，以新聞獎(jiǎng)的比例最大 。新聞獎(jiǎng)授予有優(yōu)異成就的美國(guó)新聞工作者和新聞機(jī)構(gòu)，每年1次 ，在春季4月由哥倫比亞大學(xué)新聞研究生院頒發(fā) 。評(píng)選機(jī)構(gòu)為普利策獎(jiǎng)金評(píng)選委員會(huì)，成員是哥倫比亞大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)和獎(jiǎng)金設(shè)立者之孫小J.

4、普利策，以及知名的報(bào)紙編輯或發(fā)行人。每屆任期3年，可連任3屆。授獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)目有優(yōu)異公眾服務(wù)獎(jiǎng)、一般地方報(bào)道獎(jiǎng)、特殊地方報(bào)道獎(jiǎng)、國(guó)內(nèi)報(bào)道獎(jiǎng)、國(guó)際報(bào)道（包括聯(lián)合國(guó)報(bào)道）獎(jiǎng)、社論寫作獎(jiǎng)、漫畫創(chuàng)作獎(jiǎng)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)新聞攝影獎(jiǎng)、特寫攝影獎(jiǎng)、評(píng)論獎(jiǎng)、批評(píng)獎(jiǎng)、特稿寫作獎(jiǎng)等12項(xiàng) 。 “It is set specially for excellent Journalists.” Russel Baker, American journalist and writer. Writing for myself is taken from his autobiography Growing Up, which won him a

5、 Pulitzer prize. About the About the AuthorAuthor Spaghetti vs. Noodles in ChinaSpaghetti vs. Noodles in ChinaRamenstewed noodlesSliced noodles The US Grade School SystemIn the united States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not the federal government, so requirements may vary f

6、rom one state to another. The following is a generalization:Kindergarten: under 5 years oldElementary/primary school (grades 16): 611 years oldJunior high/middle school (grades 78): 1213 years oldSenior high school (grades 912): 1417 years oldCollege, institute, academy(學(xué)院學(xué)院), university What Americ

7、an teachers wear in school Nowadays, people in the U.S. love to dress casually. Even among those companies with a rigid dress code some now allow employees not to wear suits on Fridays. U.S. teachers wear fairly formal clothes to school, but not necessarily suits and ties. Bow ties are considered ev

8、en more old-fashioned than ties.The author just told a story as: I wanted to be a writer, but I found English grammar dull and difficult. Mr. Fleagle became our English teacher, and he was very prim. I tried to finish my informal essay before the due day. One title attracted me, “The Art of Eating S

9、paghetti”, because I have experienced the real joy and happiness of our whole family while eating spaghetti. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening.Mr. Fleagle read my essay before the whole class,who were laughing with open-hearted enjoyment.I finally found that my words have power to make

10、 people laugh. ( In another word, I have successfully relived the enjoy with my words.)IV. IV. (or on and off ): 斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地；有時(shí) : It has been raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel damp.As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside c

11、hair.Note:at times;on occasion; now and then : 可能（性）There is a of doing sth: Is there any possibility of life on Mars? : 生根，確立 : The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families.Language StudyLanguage StudyMatch the words below Turn in Hold back Put down Turn out Off and on Whats m

12、ore Out of date In addition Wirte down Hand in Old-fashioned Now and then Produce Restrain/inhibit: 使（人）厭煩Example: The speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech.Note: boring man I feel totally bored (): 使聯(lián)系起來(lái)；使聯(lián)想 associationExample: We associate Egypt with pyramids. I cant as

13、sociate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written. Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life. : produce 編寫；生產(chǎn)，制造: New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly.: expect look forward to 預(yù)期，期望 doing sth: The police ha

14、d anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers. They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2002.: boring a.乏味的；冗長(zhǎng)的: The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over. Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him any

15、more. ：n.名聲 have a high/low for sth: Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation as a statesman in the world. Jim Kerry has quite a reputation for being comic.: vt.激勵(lì)，鼓舞 encourage to do; to do; stimulate to do: Martin Luther Kings speeches inspired people to fight for l of African Americans.: prim a.一成

16、不變的，嚴(yán)格的 : If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age. : old-fashioned 過(guò)時(shí)的: Although her clothes were out of date, the old woman appeared clean and dignified.: 1) completely plain a. 樸素的: Earnest Hemingway is known for his severe writing

17、 style. 2) stern, strict嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的: Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force. 3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc.嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的: The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack.: deal with Vt. 處理，應(yīng)付 cope with; handle:

18、Toshiba (東芝) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of house-work. The classroom was quiet as students were busy tackling the final exam.: at last ad.最終，終于 in the endExample: Mr. Smith lived in Turkey, France, and Norway before finally settling in Mexico.Finally he came to realiz

19、e his mistake and apologized to his parents. After years of war the two countries finally signed a peace agreement. : 勇敢地接受或?qū)Ω?Example: Now that your daughter is born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.: v.瀏覽，粗略地看: The banker scanned the financial section of a dozen new

20、spapers over breakfast.: n. 次序，順序 : A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid. The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence. : n.形象；印象；（圖）像 Example: Many pop stars try to improve their public image by participating in charity events.: 形象的，生動(dòng)的；

21、有生氣的 : In the little girls vivid imagination the curtain wrapped around her body became a princesss gown.: bring back to the mind; remember (usu. followed by noun/gerund, or that-clause) vt.回想起，回憶起 : I recognize the face but cant recall her name. I dont recall ever meeting her.: disagreement, quarre

22、l n.論據(jù)，論點(diǎn)；爭(zhēng)論 : The bride and her mother got into an argument about whether to wear white or red on her wedding day. : write down 寫下 : Whats the use of a password to your computer if you put it down on a piece of paper stuck to the computer screen?：act against vt.違背，違反 : Speeding in downtown areas vi

23、olates traffic regulations.: vt.創(chuàng)作 : The presidents speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else? John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son. : hand in 交（作業(yè)） : For your final grade, each of you must turn in a 7-page paper. It is said that if a p

24、oliceman is ordered to turn in his gun, it is meant as a punishment.: 1) n. order 命令，指令 : The commander gave the command that all prisoners of war should be well treated. 2) v. give an order to命令，指令 : The captain commanded his men to leave the ship immediately. The king commanded that the victory da

25、y become a national holiday. (As with the verbs suggest, demand, subjunctive mood is used in a that-clause after command.)25. : in addition, more importantly 而且，此外 : How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and whats more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months!26. : 控制（感情、眼

26、淚等） : People could hardly hold back their anger when they found that millions of dollars of public funds had been used to build luxurious houses for city officials. Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears.: keep or get away from vt.避免 : The little boy who h

27、ad broken a neighbors window ran away to avoid punishment / being punished.: n.生涯，事業(yè)；職業(yè) : In her long career as a journalist, Barbara Walters has interviewed famous people from all over the world.: expression of joy for sb.s success, luck, etc. (usu. in plural form, followed by on) n.祝賀，恭喜 : They of

28、fered their congratulations on the artists winning the Life Achievement Award.I.Circle all the time words, phrases and clauses in Text A. (since my childhood in Belleville, until my third year in high school, until then, when our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English, late in the

29、year, until the night before the essay was due, when I finished, next morning, two days passed, when I saw him lift my paper from his desk)II.Complete the Text Organization Exercise 2.Discovering Structure Part One (1-2) Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including. Part

30、Two (3-5) Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy. Part Three (6-9) The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life. backIII. Text Organization (Para. 2, line 10) To me he looked

31、to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly severe eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speakin

32、g that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.What do American teachers wear in School? Nowadays, people in the U.S. love to dress casually. Even among those companies with a rigid dress code some now allow employees not to wear suits on Fridays. U.S. teachers wear fairly for

33、mal clothes to school, but not necessarily suits and ties. Bow ties are considered even more old-fashioned than ties.Questions for your better understanding:In Part 1, what details are given to show that Mr. Fleagle was dull and rigid?In Part 2, which sentences show that at first Baker was unwilling

34、 to write the essay?In Part 3, the author didnt tell us directly that his essay was very good. By which sentences did he manage to give us the impression that his essay was very good?Synonymous words or phrasesa.dull, lifeless, cheerless, tediousb.turn out, write, compose, put downc.anticipate, prep

35、are ford.formal, rigid, prim, correct, proper, respectablee.vivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb., sth. reawakes in ones mind, sb. recalls sth.f.recapture, reliveg.pleasure, delight, happinessh.contempt, ridiculei.topic, titleCoherence In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it wer

36、e, I had discovered a calling. The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasnt until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Grade schools in the U.S. U.S. students generally go through elementary schools (kindergarten to 5th

37、 or 6th grade), middle schools (grades 6-8) or junior schools (grades 7-9), and high schools (grades 9-12 or 10-12). “the third year in high school” (Para. 1) equals “the eleventh grade” (Para.9).Vocabularytedious, reputation, inspire, rigid, out of date, severe, finally, face up to, scan, vivid, re

38、call, argument, put down, violate, compose, turn in, whats more, hold back, avoid, career, congratulation.Three Types of Sentencesn1.Simple Sentencen只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。例如：nShe is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。n2.Compound Sentencen包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。例如：n The food was good, but he

39、 had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他卻沒(méi)什么胃口nand,but,or not only.but also,neither.nor,either.or n3.Complex Sentencen包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：n The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。Three ways of Emphasisn1.Stressed Sentence 強(qiáng)調(diào)句n2.Inverted Sentence 倒裝句n3.Repetition of wor

40、ds and phrasesn 詞句的重復(fù)Three non-predicate n1.Infinitive 不定式 To turn out long,lifeless,paragraphsn2.Past Participle Pointed Jaw; graded papern3.Present Participle failing grade;lying on the sofaTense Name Predicate(謂語(yǔ))n1.Simple Present Tense do/doesn2.Simple Past Tense didn3.Present Progressive Tense

41、be+doingn4.Present Perfect Tense have/has+donen5.Past Perfect Tense had+doneQuestionsn1. How did Bake feel about English?n2.What did Baker hear about Mr. Fleagle?n3.What was the topic that held his attention?n4.Why did he want to write about that topic?n5.What was Baker prepared for when he found al

42、l the papers were given back but his?n6.Whose essay was Mr. Fleagle reading to the class? How did the class respond?n7.Why did Baker feel delighted?Butn1. conj.但是nIt is hot in summer here, but it is not cold in winter.n這里夏天熱,但冬天不冷。n2. Conj.(通常用not.but.)而是nOur purpose is not to do it for you but to t

43、each you to do it by yourself.n3. I shall have nothing to do on holiday but please myself.nprep.n1. (用于nothing,nobody,who,all等詞后面)除.以外nNo one saw it but me.n除了我沒(méi)有人看到。Vocabulary & structure1.Do you anticipate _ any trouble? A. meeting B. meet C. met D. to meet2. Whisky is usually associated _ Scotland. A. to B. in C. on D. with3. The factory _ more than a hundred cars a week. A. turns out B. turns in C. turns over D. turns up NCE-B1Unit 1 growing up4. A country isn