精細有機合成單元反應_10縮合反應

1、返回CH3YYXCH2CH3NO2CH2COC2H5CNOCH3COHCH2CCH3CCH3OOCH3COC6H5CH2COC2H5CCH3OOCH3COCH3CH2CNCNCH3COOC2H5CH2COC2H5CC2H5OOOCH3CNCH3CONH2化合物類型化合物類型pKapKa1091791910. 72011約約2413約約25約約25返回NO2RCOCONH2ORCOCN 返回CH3COH+ B脫質子(快)CH2COHCH2COH碳負離子氧負離子+ BHCOOC2H5H2CCOOC2H5+ B脫質子(快)COOC2H5HCCOOC2H5+ BH返回CH3COH + OH脫質子(快)

2、CH2COH碳負離子+ H2OCH3COHCH2COH+親核加成(慢) +-CH3CHOCH2COHCH3CHOCH2COH + H2O加質子CH3CHOHCH2COH + OH3-羥基丁醛返回CH3CHOHCH2COH3-羥基丁醛加熱；或酸催化消除脫水CH3CHCHCOH + H2OCH3COH2+ OHCH3CHCHCOHCH3CH2CH2COHCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2COH +CH3CH2COH20%NaOH催化80130。CCH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH2CH2COHCH2/NiCH3CH2CH3OHCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2返回CH3COH +CH3CH2

3、CH2COHCH3CHOHCH3CH2CH COH消除脫水CH3CHCH3CH2C COHH2/NiCH3CH2CH3CH2CH COH返回CHO + CH3CHOOHCHCHCHO + H2OH COH +CH3CHCH3COH堿催化CH3CCH3COHHOCH2返回H COH + CH3COH堿催化CH2CCH2COHCH2HOHOHOCH2CCH2COHCH2HOHOHO+ HCOH + NaOHCH2CCH2CH2CH2HOHOHOOH + HCOONa季戊四醇(Cannizzaro反應)返回RCOH + OH親核加成RCOHHORCOH +-RCOHHO+氫轉移,親核加成RCOHO+

4、 RCHHORCONaO+ RCHHOH返回CH3COCH3+ CH3COCH3堿催化CH2COCH3CH3COHCH3返回CH3COCH3+CH3COCH2CH3堿催化CH2COCH2CH3CH3COHCH3消除脫水CHCOCH2CH3CH3CCH3催化加氫CH2COCH2CH3CH3CHCH3返回HCOCH2CHCH3CH3+ CH3COCH3堿催化CHOHCH2CHCH3CH3CHCOCH3消除脫水CHCH2CHCH3CH3CHCOCH3催化加氫CH2CH2CHCH3CH3CH2COCH3CH3COCH3CH2HCl催化烯醇化CH3COHCH3CHCH3COHCH3CH+HCOCH3脫水

5、縮合CH3CCH3CHCOCH3返回CH2COONaR離解CH2COOR+ NaCH2COOR+ CH2COORCOCH2R氫轉移CH2COOHR+CHCOORCOCH2R(親核試劑)返回ArCHO+CHCOORCOCH2R親核加成ArCHOCHCOORCOCH2RArCHOHCHCOORCOCH2R消除脫水ArCHCCOORCOCH2R水解ArCHCCOOHRCOCH2R+OH-芳基-2-烴基-丙烯酸+HCHO+ (CH3CO)2OPerkin反應CH3COONaCHCHCOOH + CH3COOH肉桂酸返回CYXR1CR2O +HH脫水縮合堿催化CYXR1CR2+ H2O返回CHOCCC+

6、HHOCH3OOCH3脫水縮合乙酸-哌啶催化CHClClCCCOCH3OOCH3乙酰乙酸乙酯Cl Cl返回返回CHOCCC+HHOOC2H5OOC2H5脫水縮合脫羧哌啶催化CHClClCH乙酰乙酸乙酯CH3OCH3OCOOHCH3OCH3O+ H2O + CO2CH3COCH3+ C2H5OCOCOOC2H5Claisen縮合CH3ONaCH3COCH2COCOOC2H5CCH2COOC2H5R1CR2O +HH脫水縮合堿催化CCH2COOC2H5R1CR2COO C2H5COONa+ C2H5OH + R3OH+ R3ONa返回CCH2COOC2H5CO +HHCCH2COOC2H5CCOO

7、 C2H5COOK+ C2H5OH + (CH3)3C OH+ (CH3)3COKClClStobbe縮合叔丁醇溶劑ClCl返回R4ONa(或NaNH2)+ HCR3XCOOC2H5脫質子堿催化R4OH(或NH3)+CR3XCOOC2H5NaR4ONa(或NaNH2)+ HCR3XCOOC2H5脫質子堿催化R4OH(或NH3)+CR3XCOOC2H5NaR1CR2O +CR3XCOOC2H5Na親核加成R1CR2OCR3XCOOC2H5NaXR1CR2OCR3COOC2H5+ NaX返回COCH3HCHClCOOC2H5+親核加成NaNH2CCH3OCHCOOC2H5 HClCCH3OCHCOO酯基水解，酸化H脫羧，開環(huán)CHCH3OC H返回C2H5ONa +CCOOC2H5COOC2H5HH脫質子C2H5OH +CCOOC2H5COOC2H5HNaC4H9Cl +CCOOC2H5COOC2H5HNa親核加成CCOOC2H5COOC2H5C4H9H+ HCl返回人有了知識，就會具備各種分析能力，明辨是非的能力。所以我們要勤懇讀書，廣泛閱讀，古人說“書中