（精心整理）動名詞、動詞不定式、分詞作定語區(qū)別

1、動詞的不定式,分詞.動名詞的區(qū)別及其用法、搭配。 答：非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式。動名詞和分詞三種形式,分詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。這三種形式都是由動詞變來的,但在句子中都不能作謂語,故這三種形式被稱為非謂語動詞。下面就這三種形式在用法上的區(qū)別淺析如下: 一、動詞不定式和動名詞在句子中均可作主語和表語在表示一個具體的。個別的或將來的動作時,要用動詞不定式。如: My job is to teach the first-year students grammar. To study English well is very important. 在表示比較抽象的一般的行為和動作時,二者

2、可以互換。如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise. Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise. 二、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和動詞不定式都可以作定語1.動名詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關系,只表示被修飾名詞的一般用途,必須位于名詞之前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系,表示所修飾名詞的特征。如: Listen to the singing bird. Who is

3、 the boy running towards us。3.動詞不定式作定語時,當所修飾的名詞指人時,和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。如: He is always the first to come to school. 當所修飾的名詞指物時,和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關系。如: I have a meeting to attend. 如果作定語的動詞不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,需加上相應的介詞。如: I have no room to live in. There is nothing for me to worry about. 三、動詞不定式和分詞均可作賓語補足語動詞不

4、定式作賓語補足語時,表示動作已經發(fā)生,動作的全過程已經結束。如: I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times (動作的全過程已經結束) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語時,表示動作正在進行。如: I heard him knocking at the door.(= I heard he was knocking at the door.(動作正在進行) 過去分詞也可以作賓語補足語。如: I found the glass broken.(= I found the glass

5、 was broken.) 注意:動詞不定式作賓語補足語時,在動詞make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符號to。如: I hear him play. The teacher made him do the exercises again. help后的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時,不定式符號to可加可不加。如: He often helps me to study English in his spare time. 當這些動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,原不定式必須加上to。如: He was seen t

6、o repair the machine. 四、動詞不定式和動名詞均可作賓語1.下列動詞后只能跟不定式作賓語: hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise等。如: He has promised to lend me the dictionary. 2.下列動詞后只能跟動名詞作賓語: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考慮), give up, can't help等。如: He wants to give

7、up smoking. They practise speaking English every day. 3.在動詞remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟動詞不定式或動名詞時,意義上有所差別。如: He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾經告訴過我這個消息。He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把這個消息告訴我。五、動詞不定式和分詞均可作狀語不定式作狀語通常表示"目的"或"程度"分詞作狀語通常表示"伴隨情況"。"時間"或"原因"等。如: He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的) The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表伴隨情況) 六、動詞不定式和動名詞均有復合結構不定式的復合結構:for sb.(not) to do st