新人教一輪要點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)梳理突破-選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity

1、選修8Unit 1A land of diversity要 點(diǎn) 梳 理 高效梳理·知識(shí)備考重點(diǎn)單詞1distinct adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的distinction n差別；區(qū)分；卓著2means n手段；方法3majority n大多數(shù)；大半minority n少數(shù)4despite prep.盡管；不管5elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人election n選舉6percentage n百分比；百分率7boom n(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 vi.處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期8applicant n申請(qǐng)人apply v申請(qǐng)application n申請(qǐng)9customs n海關(guān)；關(guān)

2、稅；進(jìn)口稅10occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)11indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示indication n跡象indicator n指示器，指示物12luggage n行李13apparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的apparently adv.明顯地14slip vi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 n滑動(dòng)；滑倒15hire vt. & n租用，雇用16nowhere adv.無處；到處都無17punishment n處罰；懲罰punish v懲罰；處罰18justice n正義；公平injustice(反義詞)重點(diǎn)短語1live on繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存2by means

3、of. 用辦法；借助3make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等4keep up 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)5back to back 背靠背6team up with 與合作或一起工作7mark out 畫線；標(biāo)出界線8take in 包括；吸收9a great/good many 許多；很多10apply for 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到重點(diǎn)句型1However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在15

4、000年前就在加州生活著。2Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多數(shù)地區(qū)以及現(xiàn)在美國的西北沿海。3That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.這就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙

5、語作為第一或第二語言的原因。4Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.雖然中國移民在淘金熱時(shí)期就開始到來了，但是更大批量的移民卻是在19世紀(jì)60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。5It is believed that b

6、efore long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人們相信過不了多久國籍間相混的程度將如此大以至于不再有明顯的種族或文化團(tuán)體，而僅僅是一個(gè)種族和文化的混合體。高考范文(2008·江蘇)實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的溝通，建立良好的人際關(guān)系，不僅要善于言表，更要學(xué)會(huì)傾聽。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息，寫一篇題為 Being a Go

7、od Listener的英文演講稿。注意：1.對(duì)所給要點(diǎn)逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯。 2詞數(shù)：150左右。開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。3演講稿中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校及本人姓名。Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”_Thank you for your listening!Good_afternoon,_everyone!The_topic_of_my_speech_today_is_“Being_a_Good_Listener” Good listening

8、 can always show respect, promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship. Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children, so they will understand them better, and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students, then they

9、 can meet their needs better, and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely to be formed. What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to other

10、s. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be openminded to different opinions even though you don't like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other. Thank_you_f

11、or_your_listening!考 點(diǎn) 探 究 互動(dòng)探究·能力備考.詞匯短語過關(guān)1means n. 方法；手段by all means 務(wù)必；一定；當(dāng)然可以by any means 無論如何by no means 決不(用于句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝)by this/these means 用這種/這些辦法by means of 依靠方法，借助手段(1)Taking a plane is _ getting there.去那兒最快的方式是坐飛機(jī)。(2)All possible means _ been tried.Every possible means _ been tried.所有(

12、每一種)可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過了。the quickest means ofhavehas(3)This plan must be realized _.這個(gè)計(jì)劃必須完成。(4)Thoughts are expressed _ words.思想靠語言來表達(dá)。(5)By no means _ left alone.絕不能把他單獨(dú)留下。by all meansby means ofshould he be提示：(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。當(dāng) means 做主語且有 every, each 等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有 some, several, many, few,

13、 all 等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)by this means 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“有條理的辦事方法”；in this way 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“用簡(jiǎn)便的方法”，in 有時(shí)候可以省略；with this method 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“用已形成的系統(tǒng)的、理論的方法”。2majority n. 大多數(shù)，大半the majority 大多數(shù)(其做主語表整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；若表成員情況時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。)the majority ofn. 單數(shù)謂語the majority ofn. 復(fù)數(shù)謂語be in the majority 占大多數(shù)by/with a majority of 以大多數(shù)贏得(1)_ were pres

14、ent at the meeting.大多數(shù)人出席了會(huì)議。(2)_ the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games.大部分人似乎喜歡觀看比賽勝于參加比賽。The majorityThe majority of(3)He was elected by _ 765.他以765票的多數(shù)票當(dāng)選。a large majority of3occur vi. 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)(occurred; occurring)occurrence n. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to

15、 sb.It occurs to sb. to do sth.It occurs to sb. thatclauseIt strikes sb. thatclause某人想起/想到(1)The same theme _ in many of his works.同一個(gè)主題在他的許多作品中都有。(2)The accident _ at five oclock. 事故發(fā)生在五點(diǎn)鐘。(3)An idea _ me.我想到一個(gè)主意。(4)_ _ to ask for help.她沒想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。occursoccurredoccurred toIt didntoccur to her(5)_ she

16、 would refuse his invitation.他沒有想到她會(huì)拒絕他的邀請(qǐng)。It didnt occur to him that4indicate vt. 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示indication n. 指示；象征；預(yù)示indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物indicate that. 示意；表明indication of doing sth. 的跡象(1)Research _ that men are easier to give up smoking than women.研究表明，男人比女人更容易戒煙。(2)A high fever usually _

17、 severe illness.高燒通常表明生了重病。indicatesindicates(3)Snow _ the coming of winter.雪象征著冬天的來到。indicates5make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生come to life變得活躍起來bring sb./sth. to life使某物更生動(dòng)；使某人/某物蘇醒lay down ones life for sb. /sth.為犧牲生命，獻(xiàn)身lead/live a.life過著的生活make/earn a living謀生(1)They emigrated to Australia to _ _.他們移

18、民到澳大利亞，開始全新的生活。(2)Her songs _ our history _ again.她的歌曲又一次重現(xiàn)了我們的歷史。make a new life therebringto life(3)Joanne _ as a dancer in a nightclub.喬安妮在夜總會(huì)當(dāng)舞女，以此謀生。(4)The match finally _ in the second half.比賽在下半場(chǎng)終于精彩起來。(5)They were prepared to _ for their country.他們準(zhǔn)備為國捐軀。earns a livingcame to lifelay down th

19、eir lives6keep up保持，維持；使不下降；繼續(xù)keep up with趕上，不落后keep out (of)不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)keep off離開，避開keep back阻止；扣留keep on繼續(xù)(1)We sang as we marched to _.我們一面行進(jìn)一面唱歌以保持高昂的情緒。(2)We should _.我們應(yīng)該沿襲我們的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。keep our spirits upkeep up our good traditions(3)The shortage of supplies is _.供應(yīng)不足使價(jià)格保持緊挺。(4)I dont think I can _ any lo

20、nger.我認(rèn)為這事我再也堅(jiān)持不下去了。(5)Dave couldnt _ the rest of his class.戴夫跟不上班里的其他同學(xué)。keeping the price upkeep this upkeep up with(6)_ the grass！勿踏草坪！(7)She was unable to _ her tears.她無法忍受眼淚。Keep offkeep back7take in 欺騙；留住宿；理解；領(lǐng)悟；吸入；改小(衣服)；包括；包含寫出下列句中take in的意思。(1)There she was taken in by an aged couple._收留(2)D

21、on't let yourself be taken in by his tricks._(3)The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught._欺騙領(lǐng)悟(4)The dress was too big, so I took it in._(5)The tour takes in six European capitals._改小(衣服)包括拓展：take away 拿走；使離開；消除(病痛等)take down 記下來；拆掉take for (錯(cuò))當(dāng)做；(誤)以為take off 起飛，匆匆離去；

22、脫下take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用take over 接收，接管，取代take to 喜歡；養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣take up 占去，占據(jù)；開始；從事8a good/great many 許多，很多a good/great manymanya great number ofn. (pl.)a great many of them (us) (代詞)the (these, those)n. (pl.)many a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞(1)Tom found that there were _ people already there.湯姆發(fā)現(xiàn)那兒已經(jīng)有很多人了。(2)It seems that _ the

23、m are out of work now. 似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了。a great/good manya great/good many of(3)Many a student _ this song.很多學(xué)生喜歡這首歌。likes.重點(diǎn)句型詳解1However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人有可能在至少15 000年前就在加州生活著。本句式中 it為形式主語，真正的主語為 that從句。It is lik

24、ely that. 是可能的。此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：Sb./Sth. be likely to do. 某人/物可能干某事。Shes very likely to ring me tonight.Its likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能給我打電話。Its likely that it will snow tonight.It is likely to snow tonight.今天晚上可能下雪。Ronaldo was _ to win the 100meter hurdle race, but he fell to the ground and

25、missed the chance.ApossibleBprobableClikely Dmaybe答案：C解析：當(dāng) possible或 probable 做表語時(shí)，主語只能是事物或代詞 it；而 likely 做表語時(shí)，主語可以是人，也可以是物。maybe 是副詞，只能做狀語，不能做表語。2It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mi

26、xture of many races and cultures.過不了多久國籍間相混的程度將如此大以至于不再有明顯的種族或文化團(tuán)體，而僅僅是一個(gè)種族和文化的混合體。本句用的句型是 It is believed thatclause。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的 thatclause。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedthatclause.此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化成：(1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/reportthatclause.(2)Sb./Sth. be said/k

27、nown/agreed/thought/supposed/reportedto do.It is believed that Mr Smith is innocent.Mr Smith is believed to be innocent.人們認(rèn)為史密斯先生是無辜的。It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.Professor Johnson is believed to have finished his second novel.人們相信約翰遜教授已完成了他的第二部小說。The lake by t

28、he village is believed _ a number of victims in the past 3 years.Ato claim Bto have claimedCclaiming Dbeing claiming答案：B解析：句意為“人們相信村子旁邊的湖泊在過去的三年里已要了許多人的命”。在這種形式中，believe 后面不能跟 ving形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已發(fā)生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考1. means/manner/method/approach/way(1)means表

29、示“方法”“手段”“工具”“財(cái)產(chǎn)”，與of搭配。(2)manner表示“方式”“方法”，指?jìng)€(gè)人喜歡采用的方式，與of搭配。(3)method指做某事的具體步驟或程序，也指系統(tǒng)的、抽象概念的原理，與of搭配。(4)way是最通用的詞，也是最不正式的詞。本義是“通路”，引申作“方式”“方法”講，含義很廣，與of或動(dòng)詞不定式搭配。(5)approach也有“方法，步驟，途徑”的意思。它側(cè)重指待人接物或思考問題的方式。與toward或to搭配。(1)This book provides a good _ to psychology.本書提供研究心理學(xué)的良好門徑。(2)The _ of their me

30、eting makes a good story.他們相見的方式似乎有些傳奇色彩。Approach manner(3)The quickest _ of travel is by plane.最快的旅行方式是乘飛機(jī)。(4)In this _ over several days, the artist and his mouse became friends.就這樣過了幾天，這位藝術(shù)家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。(5)He is a man of _.他是個(gè)有條理的人。meanswaymethod2. occur/happen/take place(1)occur用法較正式，指偶然發(fā)生的或未按計(jì)劃發(fā)生

31、的事情，可用于具體的或抽象的事物。(2)happen發(fā)生；巧遇，含義廣泛，指具體客觀事物的發(fā)生，尤指偶然事件的發(fā)生，后可接不定式，也可接介詞to，常用在It happens/happened that.結(jié)構(gòu)中。(3)take place發(fā)生；舉行，主要用來指預(yù)先計(jì)劃好的事情。(1)It _ that they were all there.正好他們都在那兒。(2)Great changes have _ in our school.我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化。(3)The May 4th Movement _ in 1919.五四運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在1919年。happenedtaken placeocc

32、urred(4)The conference _ in the Great Hall of the People.會(huì)議在人民大會(huì)堂舉行。(5)I _ to meet her in the street yesterday.我昨天碰巧在街上遇到她。took placehappened3. hire/employ(1)hire一般指短期的“雇用”，它側(cè)重指為工資(wage)而工作。(2)employ指“公司，商店”等的長(zhǎng)期“雇用”，或指相對(duì)固定的工作，它側(cè)重于服務(wù)方面。(1)The firm _ more than 100 people.這家公司雇用100多名職工。(2)He _ a man to

33、 look after his garden.他雇了一個(gè)人來照料他的花園。employshired高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測(cè)評(píng)·技能備考.單詞拼寫1The Taiwan S_ separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.2Only a few of them thought highly of the plan. The m_ were against it.3Now in China, an increasing p_ of the population have their own cars.4There were 1 200 a_ for t

34、he job.Straitmajoritypercentageapplicants 5My father h_ three men to help him with the harvest last summer.6He has twenty _ (牛) on his farm.7He has six pieces of _ (行李)8_(顯然)，he has lost interest in physics.9Now and then some _ (海鷗) came into sight.10The government announced addition rules on _ (移民)

35、hiredcattleluggageApparentlyseagullsimmigration .單項(xiàng)選擇1Do you think we should put an ad in the paper for the lost child?Yes, _.Athat's all right Bby all meansCit just depends Dnever mind答案：B解析：由 Yes 可知表示同意，選 by all means “務(wù)必；一定；當(dāng)然可以”。A、D項(xiàng)表示“沒關(guān)系”；C項(xiàng)“看情況而定”。2What is boy's favorite sport?_ of bo

36、ys like playing football.ANone BThe mostCThe majority DEvery答案：C解析：the majority of boysmost boysmost of the boys “大多數(shù)男孩子”。none不符合題意；every 不能接 of短語。3(2007年遼寧)Don't be _by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.Ataken off Btaken outCtaken away Dtaken in答案：D解析：A.起飛，脫掉，(事業(yè))騰飛；B.拿出；C.帶走；D

37、.欺騙。由句意可知D項(xiàng)正確。4To travel to the United States, you must first apply _ the American Embassy _ your visa.Afor; to Bto; forCfor; for Dto; to答案：B解析：考查apply短語的用法。apply to sb. for sth.向某人申請(qǐng)某物。句意為：要去美國旅行，你要首先向美國大使館申請(qǐng)簽證。5The agreement indicates that the two companies will _ with each other again.Ateam up Bt

38、urn upClook up Dpick up答案：A解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A項(xiàng)表示“與合作”，符合句意。B項(xiàng)表示“出現(xiàn)；到達(dá)”；C項(xiàng)表示“向上看；查尋”；D項(xiàng)表示“撿起，接收”，均不合題意。6It is very _ that, in many schools, the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.Apossibly BprobablyClovely Dlikely答案：D解析：句意為：在很多學(xué)校學(xué)生做作業(yè)的時(shí)間可能將比原來少。用it is likely that句型，其

39、他三個(gè)詞不用于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。7She managed to climb out of the car, _ unhurt.Aapparently BoccasionallyCfreely Dpeacefully答案：A解析：考查副詞。A.看起來，顯然；B.偶爾；C.無拘無束地；D.peacefully和平地。由題意，選A。8(2010·黃岡中學(xué))Sunny day, isn't it?Let's hope the sunny weather _ for Saturday's tennis match.Acarries on Bmoves onCkeeps up D

40、goes up答案：C解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。keep up保持，繼續(xù)，符合語意“希望好天氣保持到星期六的網(wǎng)球比賽”。carry on繼承；move on繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；go up上升，增長(zhǎng)。9(2010·臨川一中)If you don't _ the advice of your teachers, you'll regret it sooner or later.Aregard BenjoyCvalue Dthink答案：C解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。如果你不重視老師的建議，遲早會(huì)后悔的，用value表示“重視”。其他動(dòng)詞的含義不符合語意。10_ the students i

41、n our school go to college in their teens.AA good many BA great many ofCA great deal of DA great deal答案：B解析：a good many students 許多學(xué)生。a great deal of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。11It suddenly _ to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.Ahappened BoccurredCthought Dtook place答案：B解析：

42、句意為“那個(gè)偵探突然想到那個(gè)百萬富翁可能是被自己女兒殺死的”。It occurred to sb. that. “某人想到”。12Many streets in this city have been _ for cultural protection.Astretched out Bmarked outCleft out Dstood out答案：B解析：mark out 標(biāo)志；記出來。stretch out 伸出； leave out 丟、漏；stand out 脫穎而出，顯眼。13The restlessness of animals _ a possible occurrence of

43、 an earthquake.Aexpressed BimpressedCindicated Dinterpreted答案：C解析：indicate 預(yù)示；暗示。句意為“動(dòng)物們不休息預(yù)示可能發(fā)生地震”。14He is supposed _ to the meeting, but he didn't.Ato come Bto have comeCcoming Dhaving come答案：B解析：考查 sb./sth. is supposed to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，且句中表示“本該到而未到”，故用 to have come。15_ sometimes keeps her awake at n

44、ight _ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.AThat; which BIt; thatCWhether; what DWhat; that答案：B解析：考查名詞性從句。句中 it是形式主語，真正的主語為 that 從句。 .閱讀理解 A Beijing (Oct. 15)China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil shortages, carmakers have announced their plans to develop hybrid vehicl

45、es(混合燃料汽車) for the Chinese market. The first China made Toyota's hybrid car Prius hit the road last week. Let's have a look at the new car. Any vehicle is a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars use an electric motor withrechargeable batteries(充電電池) and a gasoline

46、 engine. A hybrid car has a smaller than traditional gasoline engine and an electric motor. The gasoline engine provides 99 per cent of the power when the car is cruising(勻速行車)The electric motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration(加速度) is needed. Step into a Prius, a

47、nd turn on the power. The first thing you notice is that it is quieter than a traditional car. At this point, the car's gasoline engine is dormant. The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24km/h. If you stay at low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, wit

48、h no gasoline being used, and no exhaust gas given off. An onboard computer decides when to use the gasoline engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24km/h, when you step on the gas pedal(油門), you are telling the computer how fast you want to go. The ele

49、ctric motor recharges automatically(自動(dòng)地)when braking. And when driving at certain speeds, the gasoline engine not only powers the car but also recharges the batteries. When you use the brake, the electric motor acts like a generator(發(fā)電機(jī)) to produce electricity to recharge the batteries. Batteries wi

50、ll last for around 200 000 miles.1.When the hybrid car is cruising, _.A. only the gasoline engine provides powerB. only the electric motor provides powerC. there is no need to provide powerD. both the gasoline engine and the electric motor provide power答案及解析：1. D?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。從第四段可知。2. The underlined word

51、 “dormant” means _.A. inactive B. out of orderC. working D. nonstop答案及解析：2. A?？疾樵~義猜測(cè)。從該詞的前后兩句話可知。3. Which of the following statements is false according to the text?A. The hybrid car is friendly environmental. B. The hybrid car is able to get itself charged.C. The hybrid car has been made in mass. D. The hybrid car can decide w