國(guó)際音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)

1、一、破擦輔音一、破擦輔音 /tS/ 清， 聲帶不振動(dòng) /dZ/ 濁， 聲帶振動(dòng)舌尖輕觸上齒齦后部，舌身抬高，舌身兩側(cè)輕觸上齒內(nèi)測(cè)，雙唇向外突出成喇叭形，整個(gè)口腔處于比較緊張狀態(tài)。Kitchen fridge witchCherry matchChalk cherish Bridge juiceIn the charge of Check ones luggageThey are chewing the fat to cheat the journey.Can the leopard charge his spots? 本性難移He that talks much errs much.A sti

2、tch in time saves nine.及時(shí)行事事半功倍 二、鼻輔音二、鼻輔音 /m/ 雙唇啟 /n/ 舌尖齒齦音 /N/ 舌根軟腭音均有鼻腔流出口腔內(nèi)受阻礙的氣流，發(fā)音時(shí)都具有明顯鼻腔共鳴的音效。/N/難點(diǎn)-自然張大，舌尖離開(kāi)下齒并下垂，舌后部抬高，輕觸軟腭。Lamp kneel Hammer wingSting combKeep your chin up.A man can do no more than he can.You cant make sth out of nothing.Being on sea,sail;being on land,settle.Spring brin

3、gs many charming things. 三、舌側(cè)輔音三、舌側(cè)輔音 /L/ 舌尖齒齦音舌尖抵上齒齦，氣流經(jīng)口腔由舌身兩側(cè)而出，聲帶振動(dòng)。單詞中，由于受前后方音素影響而形成兩個(gè)變體。清晰/L/ 在詞首或元音前 lady feeling lovely含糊/L/ 在詞末或詞末輔音前 build hold ill注：方言（南方） /L/ /h/ 不分！Wrinkle golden Slide doll Castle leafBring to light driving license Call black white take a pillLook before you leap.You ca

4、n not clap with one hand.孤掌難鳴Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收Theres no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight for a bright night is just like a slight light.四、半元音四、半元音 /W/ /j/前舌抬得很高，舌身抬向硬腭，舌面和硬腭稍有摩擦Very wellYawn yogaWardrobe weal and woeWhip yesterday once moreWhale emergenc

5、y unit Even the walls have ears.When wine sinks,words swim.There are no birds of this year,in last years nests.時(shí)過(guò)境遷首輔音連綴首輔音連綴在同一個(gè)音節(jié)中兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上相鄰輔音結(jié)合在一起的現(xiàn)象稱為輔音連綴。注意第一個(gè)輔音要讀得輕而短促。 切忌在相鄰輔音之間夾入元音。Hundred distressTrust drawerStretch dragonDrop a line Tell the truthTrick or treat Drive a roaring trade. Devil

6、must be driven out with devils.A burnt child dreads the fire.Jack knows all the tricks of the trade. 尾輔音連綴尾輔音連綴/ts/ /dz/ 只出現(xiàn)在單詞末尾，分別是以t、d結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，各詞所有格和動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)Dark thoughts biscuitsNuts and bolts seedsOdds and ends adsFacts and words beads Even Homer sometimes nods.A good medicine tastes bitter.

7、He beats the bush,and anther catches the birds.1.重音：重音： 英語(yǔ)中凡是兩個(gè)音節(jié)以上的單詞都有重音，有些還有次重音。Education /,edZukeiSn/注意：重音錯(cuò)誤嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤影響單詞理解 重音變化有時(shí)會(huì)引起詞性變化Content 內(nèi)容/滿意的 desertDigest 摘要/消化 importObject 物體/反對(duì) perfectRecord錄音/錄音v. Etc.2.不完全爆破：不完全爆破： 爆破音摩擦音第一個(gè)爆破音發(fā)不完全爆破音（只聽(tīng)到極微的爆破音）而主要聽(tīng)到的是后面的摩擦音或破擦音。Absent (b)s get through

8、 (t)TEighth (t)T advice (d)vA Big horse (g)h exist (g)z爆破音爆破音任何兩個(gè)爆破音相鄰，第一個(gè)爆破音形成阻礙，但失去爆破稍微停頓一下，立刻發(fā)出第二個(gè)爆破音。Postcard (t)k laptop (p)tBigboy (g)b stop talking (p)t爆破音破擦音/tS/ /dZ/ Picture (k) tS subject (b) dZA good job (d) dZ great changes (t) tS爆破音/ t/ /d/ 鼻擦音/m/ /n/ 上腔爆破改為鼻腔爆破Bottom writtenGarden hidd

9、en 3.連續(xù)、停頓、節(jié)奏：連續(xù)、停頓、節(jié)奏： 在同一個(gè)意群中，如果相鄰的兩個(gè)詞中前一個(gè)詞以輔音音素結(jié)尾，后一個(gè)以元音音素開(kāi)頭，這時(shí)如果輔音，元音相拼，構(gòu)成一個(gè)音節(jié)這兩個(gè)音往往要連在一起來(lái)念，這種現(xiàn)象叫連續(xù)” ”My telephone is out of order.They put on their coats and stepped out of the hall.連續(xù)是語(yǔ)流的自然結(jié)果，是英語(yǔ)區(qū)別于漢語(yǔ)的一個(gè)重要特征Not at all take it offYou look sad couldnt helpKnock him out tell himFar away hear it A

10、fter all a pair of一般來(lái)說(shuō)，每個(gè)意群后面可以有一個(gè)停頓。（中間停頓會(huì)影響意思表達(dá)）“意群”在意義上和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上都緊密聯(lián)系在一起的一組詞。There are /some women in red/over there./The old lady,/who was sitting in the armchair,/told Jack to go./節(jié)奏是語(yǔ)法中重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)的模式。語(yǔ)言使用重音的方式，對(duì)語(yǔ)言的節(jié)奏有很大影響。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句中各音節(jié)有輕有重，輕重相間是英語(yǔ)節(jié)奏的第一個(gè)特點(diǎn)各音節(jié)讀起來(lái)長(zhǎng)短交錯(cuò)，疾徐有致是第二個(gè)特點(diǎn)而決定音節(jié)的輕重和快慢的就是句子重音。There ar

11、ehaving aChineselessonuarys youngerbrother wantedfifty chocolatepeanuts.3.語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)調(diào) intonation： 指說(shuō)話時(shí)聲音音高的變化所造成的旋律模式speech melody聲音動(dòng)態(tài)的最重要特征之一就是音高的起伏變化pitch fluctuation音高用來(lái)表達(dá)感情同時(shí)也負(fù)擔(dān)了各種語(yǔ)言功能。Falling-sing toneQ1.Could you tell me when Chinese usually give gifts？ Chinese give gifts just like any other culture,

12、similar I think to the way you westerners give gifts.Well,we give it for 2 basic circumstances.One is during those certain days that are celebrated, like birthdays and festivals. The other one is simply as a gesture of kindness when visiting a place.Q2.Why do they give these gifts？Well, I think out

13、of respect of the person, perhaps as a reminder of close relationships and as a reminder of close relationships and as a gesture of appreciation for someones hospitality. There are generally no real strings attached to these gifts, but they are a signal that you appreciate the friendship and that yo

14、u value it with some sacrifice. Q3.What are some of the gifts Chinese typically give during these occasions？Well, if its a festival there are certain traditions that sort of push you in the right direction. For example, during Autumn Festival its traditional to give out moon cakes. During Spring Fes

15、tival you may give red packets of money to children and unmarried adults.Q4.Whats the best way to present the gifts in China, and how do people best accept them？ Well, we tend to give the gifts in a bag. It can sometimes be warpped but it should definitely be covered. The important thing is to probably present it rather humbly you might find it interesting that the giver sort of puts it down somewhat by saying its not much . The accepter may give a little resistance, but not much maybe he or she will say