直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

1、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)一、直接引語(yǔ)在引用別人的原話時(shí)，被引用的句子稱(chēng)為直接引語(yǔ)（direct speech）。引起引語(yǔ)的詞稱(chēng)為引用動(dòng)詞（reporting verbs）。 “I know that.”replied Mrs. Green.二、間接引語(yǔ)當(dāng)人們用自己的話報(bào)導(dǎo)別人的話時(shí)，被報(bào)導(dǎo)的部分稱(chēng)為間接引語(yǔ)（indirect speech），也可稱(chēng)作引語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（report structure）。Mary said she had already seen the film.這時(shí)被引用部分常常是引用動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。除了say, reply,guess,feel,think,explain這類(lèi)詞外，

2、還有很多動(dòng)詞可跟這種從句。He thought she was worried.He explained that the train wasnt running.在使用間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1引語(yǔ)前一般要用連詞that。在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞后（如say, tell等）或在口語(yǔ)中可省略。He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.He says he cant wait another day.2要根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)?！癐ve got your letter,” she said.She said she had already got my le

3、tter.3引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)要和句子主要謂語(yǔ)在時(shí)態(tài)上一致。Mary said,“Im beginning to sleep better.”Mary said that she was beginning to sleep better.Nancy said,“We ve got two first places in the sports meet.”Nancy said that theyd got two first places in the sports meet.過(guò)去時(shí)若有表示具體年份的狀語(yǔ)，則不必改變。“I was born in 1980.”Julia said.Julia sai

4、d that she was born in 1980.4指示代詞、地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等，也需作必要的更動(dòng)。She said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said (that) she would go there again that night.He said,“I arrived yesterday morning.”He said (that) hed arrived the morning before.She said,“My sister will be back tomorrow evening.”She said (that) her si

5、ster would be back the following evening.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，here 常改為there，today 改為that day。這類(lèi)改變大致可用下表表示： 在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中指示代詞this (place)these (places)that (place)those (places)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtoday, tonightthis week (month, etc)yesterdaylast week (month)two days (a year, etc) agotomorrownext week (month, etc.)thenthat day, t

6、hat nightthat week (month, etc.)the day before, the previous daythe week (month, etc.) beforetwo days (a year,etc.) before (earlier)the next (following ) daythe next (following) week (month,etc.)表地點(diǎn)的詞here there動(dòng)詞come, bring go , take動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)三、幾種句子

7、的間接引語(yǔ)1陳述句和感嘆句的間接引語(yǔ)一般都要變成以that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，口語(yǔ)中that可省略，引述動(dòng)詞用say, tell等。感嘆號(hào)變成句號(hào)。Say to sb. 變?yōu)閠ell sb.He said:“Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room.She said:“He will be very busy.”She said that he would be very busy.He often says,“What a great country China is!”He of

8、ten remarks with admiration (that ) China is such a great country.2疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)（1）一般疑問(wèn)句后連接代詞用if或whether，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)用whether，引述動(dòng)詞用ask，沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him等。She said to Tom,“Can you help me ?”She asked Tom if / whether he could help her.如果問(wèn)句表建議，可用suggest 或adviseShe asked, “shall we arrive there at dusk?”

9、She suggested we should arrive there at dust.（2）引述特殊疑問(wèn)句用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞做連接詞，疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序改為陳述語(yǔ)序。The teacher asked,“How did you repair it ?”The teacher asked me how I had repaired it .3祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，即ask / tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.ask sb. (not) to do sth.（表示客氣）tell sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性強(qiáng)于上面）order s

10、b. (not) to do sth.（命令性最強(qiáng)）注意：引語(yǔ)中的呼語(yǔ)可改成賓語(yǔ)。引語(yǔ)中的please去掉，動(dòng)詞改為ask/tell/order等。The teacher said to the students,“Dont waste your time.”The teacher told the students not to waste their time.Mother said,“Tom, get up early, please.”Mother asked Tom to get up early.4直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的特殊情況（1）直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。T

11、he teacher said,“The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在仍然如此時(shí)（如改變可能引起誤會(huì)），可以保持原時(shí)態(tài)。She said ,“Ill be back tonight.”She said that she will be back tonight.她說(shuō)她今晚回來(lái)。（這可能是午后的話）（3）直接引語(yǔ)中凡有when, since引導(dǎo)的從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)不變。He said, “I have studied English since I was at the age of five.”He said he had studied English since he was at the age of five（4）當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，保持原時(shí)態(tài)不變?！癐ts time we began planning our holidays.”he said.He said that it was time they began planning their holidays.“We wish we didnt have