【外研版】高中英語必修四：Module4Greatscientists語法學(xué)案含答案

1、文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持1必修四模塊 4語法學(xué)案課題Great Scie ntists課時1 課時教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.Revise some Ian guage poin ts.2. Lear n more about Grammar of the module .3.Learn to use this Grammar.教學(xué)重點Revisi on of passive voice教學(xué)難點Deal with some importa nt exercises about it.課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)Revisi on of passive voice（一）語態(tài)分類英語

2、動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表 示主語是動作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.（ 主動）A new bridge will be built over the river.（ 被動）漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：be+過去分詞構(gòu)成。（二）被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在 be 的變化上，其形式與系動詞be 的變化形式完全一樣，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are + done一般過去時was/were + done一般將來時Shal

3、l + will +be+ done現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+ bein g+do ne過去進行時was/were+be ing +do ne過去將來時Should/would+bre+do ne現(xiàn)在完成時Has/have+bee n+do ne過去完成時Had +bee n + done注被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。（三）被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時People grow rice in the south of the states._（改為被動）T he school does nt allow us to en ter the chemistry lab wi

4、thout a teacher.We_ enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.（被動）2. 一般過去時He had a stra nge way of making his classes lively and in teresti ng.And the stude nts did nt forget his less ons easily.文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持2He had a stra nge way of maki ng his classes lively and his lessons_3. 一般

5、將來時They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars_ abroad by sea.They will give ple nty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs_school-leavers.4. 過去將來時The man ager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The man ager said the project_5. 現(xiàn)在進行時The radio is broadcasti ng En glish less ons.

6、En glish less ons”_6. 過去進行時This time last year we were pla nti ng trees here.Trees_7. 現(xiàn)在完成時Some one has told me the sports meet might be put off.I_ the sports meet might be put off.8. 過去完成時People had con sidered him to be a great leader.He_9. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+ be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。e.g. The t

7、eacher said,“ You must hand in your compositi ons after class.”The teacher said, “Your compositions must be handed in after class. ”He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters_ ”_（四）被動語態(tài)的使用1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by 短語?！?Mr. White, the cup with mixture was bro

8、ken after class.（只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰弄壞的，或不想說出誰弄壞的）。2. 突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。These records were made by Joh n Denver.The cup was broke n by Paul.3. 當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用 in+名詞作狀語，而代替 by 短語。These cars were made in China.15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.英譯漢：_

9、（五）主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1. 把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2. 把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3. 把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by 短語可以省略。如果文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持3原句主語是地點名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點名詞作狀語。如：My aunt in vited me to her dinner party主語 謂語 賓語丄 was in vited（by my aunt ）to her dinner party.主語 謂語賓語The school set u

10、p a special class to help poor readers.- A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.（六）語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.（正確）A new computer have been bought.（錯誤）2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變

11、為主語，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。My uncle gave me a prese nt on my birthday.I was give n a prese nt on my birthday.如果把直接賓語（指物）改為主語，則在間接賓語（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：A prese nt_注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to,如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。The magazine was passed on to

12、 me. _The cup with mixture_（show）the class. _一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,女口：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。Mother mad re me a new skirt. _有些既不用 to 也不用 for,根據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to

13、people all over the world.（ 不用 by 短語）3. 由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞 + 介詞，女口 : agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。The patie nt is bei ng operated on. _The problem is solved. It n eed nt be talked about. _及物動詞 +

14、副詞：如： bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away,put off, think over, tur n dow n, work out, tur n out 等。他的請求被拒絕了。 _The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. _4. 帶復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補 足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：We always keep

15、 the classroom clea n.文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持4The classroom is always kept clea n.注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都 不帶 to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略 to 的問題。We ofte n hear him play the guitar.文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持5He is

16、ofte n heard to play the guitar.注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子，如果賓語補足語是名詞，變被動句時，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，不要誤把 賓語補足語的名詞作主語。如：Tomatoes were first take n back to Europe and people called them love apples.誤：Love apples were called them.正： They were called love apples.5. 還有一種短語動詞由動詞 +名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：1）We take good care of the books

17、.The books are take n good care of.Good care is take n of the book.2）You must pay atte nti on to your pronun ciati on.Atte nti on must_Your pronun ciatio n_用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞常見的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay atte ntion to, set fire to, take care of,take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。6. 當(dāng)主動句

18、的主語是nobody, no one 等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)?anybody,作by 的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Nobody can an swer this questi on. 誤：The questi on can be an swered by no body. 正： The questi on can notbe an swered by an ybody.7. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone 等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚oth in g, nobody, no one 作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)?/p>

19、肯定的被動語態(tài)。如：They have nt done anything to make the river clea n._ _ -誤： Anything has nt bee n done to make the river clea n.正： Noth ing has bee n done to make the river clea n.8. 以 who 為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom 放在句首：Who wrote the story誤： Who was the story written正： By whom was the story writte n9. 有些動詞既

20、是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和 well, badly, easily 等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動， 這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash,cook 等。如：The cloth washes easily._The new product sells well._The pen writes smoothly._廠The books sell well.（主動句）對比：The books were sold out.（被動句）The meat did nt cook well.（主動句）文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收

21、集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持6The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.（ 被動句）10.下列情況主動句不能改為被動句:第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義如：feel， look, seem, taste, sou nd, rema in 等。The food tastes delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave, en ter, reach, suit, have, ben efit, lack, own 等。如：He en tered t

22、he room and got his book.第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，女口： take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, addup to 等。如：The fire broke out in the capital build ing.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happe n, succeed, remai n, lie 等。1) Whe n we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already rise n.2) After t

23、he earthquake, few houses rema in ed.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing 形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：I taught myself En glish.誤： Myself was taught English.We love each other.誤：Each other is loved.11.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示，如：據(jù)說.It is said that 據(jù)報導(dǎo). It is reported that 據(jù)推測. It is supposed that希望. It is hop

24、ed that 眾所周知. It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為. It is gen erally con sidered that 有人建議. It is suggested that1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2) It is well known that Thomas Edis on inven ted the electric lamp.咼考鏈接：1. The church tower whichwill be ope n to tourists soon. The work is almo

25、st fini shed.A. has restored B. has bee n restoredC. is restori ngD. is being restored2. This coastal areaa n atio nal wildlife reserve last year.A. was n amedB. n amedC. is n amedD. n ames3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shen zhe n for the mon ey-mak ing jobs they _ before leavi ng their

26、hometow ns.A. promised B. were promisedC. have promisedD. have bee n promised4. You ve failed to do what you to and I m afraid the teacher will blame youA. will expectB. will be expectedC. expectedD. were expected5.ln the spoken English of some areas in the US , the “ r” sounds at the end of the wor

27、ds_ .A are dropped B drop C Are being dropped D have dropped針對訓(xùn)練：1. It is said that a new robot_by him in a few days.文檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持7A. desig nedB. has bee n desig nedC. will be desig nedD. will have bee n desig ned2. We are late. I expect the film by the time we get to the cin ema.文

28、檔來源為：從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word 版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持89. Ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we_if we leave it here.A. would be finedB. will be finedC. will being finedD. will have bee n fined10.“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it togetherA. They hav

29、e bee n give nB. I have bee n give nC. I am give nD. They have give n to me11. The subject of these lectures_ by the lecture committee.A. is announ cedB. have bee n announcedC. are announcedD. has bee n announced12. I found an aspiri n bottle_ dropped on the floor of Davids room.A. wasB. hadC. had b

30、ee nD. is13. The goods_ when we arrived at the airport.A. were just uni oad ingB. were just bee n uni oadi ngC. had just uni oadedD. were just being uni oaded14. If one_ by pride, he will reject useful advice and frien dly assista nee.A. overcomesB. is overcomeC. has bee n overcomeD. overcome15. Mos

31、t environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them_taken in thepast.A. was notB. were notC. were not beingD. had not bee nA. will already have started B. would already have startedC. shall have already startedD. has already bee n started3. She will stop show ing off if no not

32、ice_of her.A. is take nB. takesC. will be takenD. has taken4. Diamo ndin Brazil in 1971.A. is foundB. has bee n foundC. was foundD. had bee n found5.“ Have you moved to the new flat“ Not yet. The room_.”A. has bee n pain tedC. pai nts6. My pictures_ un til n ext Friday.A. wont developC. dont developB.