鋼結(jié)構(gòu)彩板屋面漏水質(zhì)量通病的原因及防治措施中英文（完整版）

1、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)彩板屋面漏水質(zhì)量通病的原因及防治措施 中英文（一）鋼結(jié)構(gòu)彩板屋面漏水質(zhì)量通病的原因及防治措施（ 1） Causes and prevention measures of common water leakage quality problems of steel structure color plate roof1、屋面板的連接1. Connection of roof panel鋼結(jié)構(gòu)體系建筑屋面板，在屋面上有長向連接和側(cè)向連接2 種。長向連接主要是搭接，即上坡板壓下坡板， 搭接處設(shè)置專用防水密封膠加固定專用壓條， 而側(cè)向連接的方式， 目前 主要有以下 3 種：There are t

2、wo kinds of steel structure system building roof panels: long connection and lateral connection. The long connection is mainly lap joint, that is, the upper slope plate presses the lower slope plate, and the lap joint is provided with special waterproof sealant and fixed special pressure strip. At p

3、resent, there are mainly three ways of lateral connection:1）搭接連接把壓型鋼板搭接邊重疊，并用各種螺栓、鉚釘或自攻螺釘?shù)冗B成整體。該 連接又分為帶密封膠槽與不帶密封膠槽 2 種，屋面螺釘外露，波峰均比較低。1）Lap connection overlaps the lap edge of profiled steel plate and connects it as a whole with various bolts, rivets or self tapping screws. The connection is divided

4、into two types: with sealant groove and without sealant groove. The roof screws are exposed and the wave peaks are relatively low.2）暗扣式連接固定支座利用平頭自攻螺釘固定在屋面檁條上，再將壓型屋面板與固定 支座扣合。屋面無螺釘外露，但由于與檁條直接用螺釘連接而無法控制熱脹冷縮的變形。2）The concealed connection fixed support is fixed on the roof purlin with flat head self tap

5、ping screws, and then the profiled roof panel is buckled with the fixed support. There are no exposed screws on the roof, but the deformation of thermal expansion and cold contraction cannot be controlled due to the direct connection with purlin with screws.3）咬合暗扣式連接，屋面系統(tǒng)通過滑動(dòng)支架來固定屋面板，既有利于屋面防水和保持 屋面的

6、整體性， 又能有效地控制因熱脹冷縮引起的變形， 該連接形式分 180°和 360°兩種。3）Snap and snap connection. The roof system fixes the roof panel through sliding support, which is not only conducive to roof waterproof and maintaining the integrity of the roof, but also can effectively control the deformation caused by thermal

7、 expansion and cold contraction. The connection form is divided into 180 and 360 . °°2、漏水原因分析2. Cause analysis of water leakage彩鋼板維護(hù)系統(tǒng)本身具有一定的強(qiáng)度和剛度， 材料一般不會(huì)漏水， 維護(hù)系統(tǒng)漏水原因主 要在節(jié)點(diǎn)處理不當(dāng)， 材料的品質(zhì)，系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的成熟性、完備性，結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造和安裝技術(shù)等也都 直接影響到圍護(hù)系統(tǒng)的防水效果。彩鋼板由于受環(huán)境、溫度的變化而收縮、變形， 接口和搭接連接部位產(chǎn)生位移時(shí)， 密封膠條或硅酮膠與彩板表面粘結(jié)處不能同步位移而產(chǎn)生脫離

8、， 造 成彩鋼板屋面漏水。 不同的采光板在相同的時(shí)間內(nèi)其變形和老化的程度也不盡相同。 屋面漏 水按原因歸結(jié)起來主要如下。The color steel plate maintenance system itself has certain strength and stiffness, and the materials generally do not leak. The main reasons for the leakage of the maintenance system are improper treatment of nodes, the quality of material

9、s, the maturity and completeness of system design, structural structure and installation technology, which also directly affect the waterproof effect of the enclosure system. The color steel plate shrinks and deforms due to the change of environment and temperature. When the interface and lap joint

10、displacement, the sealant strip or silicone adhesive cannot move synchronously with the surface of the color steel plate, resulting in water leakage of the color steel plate roof. Different daylighting panels have different degrees of deformation and aging in the same time. The main causes of roof w

11、ater leakage are as follows.( 1)設(shè)計(jì)因素(1) Design factors1、剛架輕型房屋鋼結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)程 (CECS 102：98)中規(guī)定：剛架輕型房屋屋面坡度 宜取 1/81/20 ，屋面坡度過小， 屋面雨水不能及時(shí)排入天溝， 屋面積水而造成屋面滲水現(xiàn)象。1. Technical specification for steel structure of rigid frame light houses (CECs 102:98) stipulates that the roof slope of rigid frame light houses should

12、 be 1 / 8 1 / 20. The roof slope is too small, and the roof rainwater cannot be discharged into the gutter in time, resulting in roof water seepage.2、缺少節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)，選用節(jié)點(diǎn)做法不當(dāng)，屋脊處女兒墻高度不夠，伸出屋面的管道、排 氣道位置不妥或高度不夠，以至影響防水層施工困難。2. Lack of node design, improper selection of nodes, insufficient parapet height at the r

13、idge, improper or insufficient position or height of pipes and exhaust ducts extending out of the roof, so as to affect the construction of waterproof layer.3、板型選擇不當(dāng)，對于暗扣式和咬合式的板型，只要現(xiàn)場安裝得當(dāng)，一般不會(huì)有太大 的問題。 如果選用直接用自攻螺釘連接的板型， 即使現(xiàn)場處理得很好， 防水膠做的也很到位， 但由于面板具有熱脹冷縮的性能，同樣也會(huì)出現(xiàn)漏水現(xiàn)象。3. Improper selection of plate ty

14、pe. As long as the plate types of concealed buckle and bite are installed properly on site, there will not be much problem. If the plate type directly connected with self tapping screws is selected, even if the field treatment is very good and the waterproof glue is in place, water leakage will also

15、 occur because the panel has the performance of thermal expansion and cold contraction.4、屋面孔洞設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)考慮不周。不得在施工時(shí)現(xiàn)場隨便割孔割洞，孔洞防水要做好。4. The design of roof holes is not well considered. It is not allowed to cut holes at the construction site, and the hole waterproof shall be done well.5、圍護(hù)部分彩板過薄，經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的使用，外板腐

16、蝕或者受溫度影響變形，板之間 縫隙增大。5. The color plate of the enclosure is too thin. After a period of use, the outer plate corrodes or deforms under the influence of temperature, and the gap between the plates increases.6、屋面雨水系統(tǒng)未按規(guī)范設(shè)置溢流措施，暴雨強(qiáng)度超過雨水系統(tǒng)排放能力時(shí)就會(huì)超過 搭接縫，甚至漫上屋面，造成事故。6. The roof rainwater system is not prov

17、ided with overflow measures according to the specifications. When the rainstorm intensity exceeds the drainage capacity of the rainwater system, it will exceed the lap joint and even overflow onto the roof, resulting in accidents.7、落水管數(shù)量不足，雨水沿天溝流動(dòng)距離遠(yuǎn)，時(shí)間長，造成積水；墻面外板上部未增 設(shè) L 型收邊件，天溝內(nèi)側(cè)存在漏水隱患。7. The numb

18、er of downpipes is insufficient, and the rainwater flows along the gutter for a long time, resulting in ponding; L-shaped edge closing piece is not added at the upper part of the outer plate of the wall, and there is a hidden danger of water leakage at the inner side of the gutter.8、彩鋼泛水配件設(shè)計(jì)不合理，達(dá)不到防

19、水效果。8. The design of color steel flashing accessories is unreasonable and can not achieve waterproof effect.9、規(guī)范規(guī)定構(gòu)件變形控制值，檁條撓度L /180,屋面梁撓度L/180(式中L為受彎構(gòu)件的跨度 )，屋面檁條截面設(shè)計(jì)太小、間距過大，在風(fēng)荷載作用下檁條和壓型板變形就會(huì)過 大。9. The specification specifies the control value of member deformation, purlin deflection L / 180, roof b

20、eam deflection L / 180 (where l is the span of bending member). If the section design of roof purlin is too small and the spacing is too large, the deformation of purlin and profiled plate will be too large under wind load.10、未充分考慮結(jié)構(gòu)變形、溫差變形、干縮變形、振動(dòng)等影響,設(shè)防不滿足基層變形的 需要。10. The effects of structural defo

21、rmation, temperature difference deformation, dry shrinkage deformation and vibration are not fully considered, and the fortification does not meet the needs of base deformation.( 2)施工因素(2) Construction factors1 )施工過程中對屋面圍護(hù)不注意保護(hù),隨意踩踏屋面,破壞了屋面的平整度,甚至出 現(xiàn)裂紋,密封膠量不足,位置不正確,打拉鉚釘過多,并且未進(jìn)行防水處理。 )1) During the c

22、onstruction process, the roof enclosure is not protected, and the roof is trampled at will, which destroys the flatness of the roof, even cracks, insufficient sealant, incorrect position, too many pulling rivets, and no waterproof treatment.)2) 天溝不進(jìn)行防腐,在進(jìn)行天溝防腐時(shí), 只是刷防銹漆或者瀝青漆,使用一段時(shí)間后,天溝腐蝕嚴(yán)重。2) The gut

23、ter is not subject to anti-corrosion. When the gutter is subject to anti-corrosion, it is only painted with antirust paint or asphalt paint. After being used for a period of time, the gutter is seriously corroded.3) 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房屋面板,因跨度過大,屋面板存在搭接,雖然在搭接等處采用了聚氨酯 密封膠和縫合釘?shù)忍幚?但安裝時(shí)往往很難達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)理論標(biāo)準(zhǔn),導(dǎo)致漏雨。3) Because of

24、the large span of the house panels in the steel structure plant, the roof panels are overlapped. Although polyurethane sealant and suture nails are used at the overlapped places, it is often difficult to meet the design theoretical standards during installation, resulting in rain leakage.4) 天溝橫向沒有坡度

25、,制作時(shí)至少應(yīng)留0.5的坡度。4) The gutter has no transverse slope, and a slope of at least 0.5% shall be reserved during fabrication.5) 關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)部位施工馬虎。女兒墻等根部陰角沒有按規(guī)定作成圓弧或圓弧太小,卷材 端邊收頭密封不嚴(yán), 上口白鐵皮變形, 固定點(diǎn)稀少加之密封材料封口不好, 伸出屋面的管道 根部堵洞不嚴(yán), 管道四周找平層沒有高出附近找平層, 防水層泛水高度不夠。 保溫層施工遇 雨,排氣槽堵塞,排氣孔設(shè)置不合理,造成保溫層長期浸水。剛性屋面產(chǎn)生裂縫,分割縫處 防水密封膏與縫側(cè)壁粘結(jié)

26、不牢而滲水。5) The construction of key nodes is careless. The internal corners of the parapet and other roots are not made into an arc as required or the arc is too small, the end sealing of the coil is not tight, the white iron sheet at the upper mouth is deformed, the fixed points are rare, coupled with

27、 the poor sealing of the sealing materials, the hole blocking at the root of the pipe extending out of the roof is not strict, the leveling layer around the pipe is not higher than the nearby leveling layer, and the flashing height of the waterproof layer is not enough. In case of rain during the co

28、nstruction of the insulation layer, the exhaust slot is blocked and the exhaust hole is set unreasonably, resulting in long-term water immersion of the insulation layer. The rigid roof has cracks, and the waterproof sealant at the split joint is not firmly bonded with the side wall of the joint, res

29、ulting in water seepage.( 3)構(gòu)造因素(3) Structural factors1) 房屋在使用過程當(dāng)中隨意增加荷載，導(dǎo)致屋面板變形。特別是在屋面檁條上隨意增 加荷載，檁條變形，導(dǎo)致屋面積水。1) During the use of the house, the load is arbitrarily increased, resulting in the deformation of the roof slab. In particular, the load is arbitrarily increased on the roof purlin, resulti

30、ng in purlin deformation, resulting in water in the roof area.2) 防水膠、密封膠老化，使用工程中缺少必要維護(hù)。2) The waterproof glue and sealant are aging and lack of necessary maintenance during use.3) 堵頭對由于風(fēng)力造成的漏水是有作用的，不應(yīng)忽視，須保證彩鋼板與屋脊蓋板堵頭 安裝到位， 采光板與屋脊蓋板間堵頭下部應(yīng)打硅酮密封膠， 屋面風(fēng)機(jī)處彩鋼板波峰端部設(shè)置 鋼堵頭。3) The plug plays a role in water le

31、akage caused by wind force and should not be ignored. It is necessary to ensure that the plug of color steel plate and ridge cover plate is installed in place. Silicone sealant shall be applied at the lower part of the plug between daylighting plate and ridge cover plate, and steel plug shall be set

32、 at the wave crest end of color steel plate at roof fan.4) 搭接時(shí)縫隙容易受溫度影響變大，應(yīng)充分留夠搭接長度。4) When lapping, the gap is easily affected by temperature, and sufficient lapping length shall be reserved.5) 水宜疏不宜堵，一般安裝時(shí)在鋼板內(nèi)側(cè)打密封膠。5) The water shall be drained rather than blocked. Generally, sealant shall be appl

33、ied on the inner side of the steel plate during installation.6) 必須足夠重視鋼結(jié)構(gòu)屋面圍護(hù)系統(tǒng)熱脹冷縮的不利影響，采取合理的構(gòu)造措施。6) We must pay enough attention to the adverse effects of thermal expansion and cold contraction of steel structure roof enclosure system, and take reasonable structural measures.( 4)材料因素(4) Material f

34、actors1) 雨水管材用塑料管材，強(qiáng)度差，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)廠房從安裝到投產(chǎn)運(yùn)行，容易受損。1) Rainwater pipes are plastic pipes with poor strength, and the steel structure plant is easy to be damaged from installation to operation.2) 由于鋼板天溝比較薄，焊縫容易出現(xiàn)問題。2) Because the steel plate gutter is relatively thin, the weld is prone to problems.3) 未根據(jù)屋面的坡度選

35、擇合適的采光板板型和屋面彩板的板型，波峰較小，側(cè)向搭接 太少，不利于排水。3) The appropriate daylighting plate type and roof color plate type are not selected according to the slope of the roof. The wave crest is small and the lateral overlap is too few, which is not conducive to drainage.4) 圍護(hù)部分彩板過薄， 經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的使用，外板腐蝕或者受溫度影響變形，板之間 縫隙增大。4

36、) The color plate of the enclosure is too thin. After a period of use, the outer plate corrodes or deforms under the influence of temperature, and the gap between the plates increases.5) 壓型板基板鍍鋅層質(zhì)量不好，涂層太薄，致使壓型板使用壽命短，易銹蝕損壞。5) The quality of galvanized layer on the base plate of profiled plate is poor

37、 and the coating is too thin, resulting in short service life of profiled plate and easy corrosion and damage.6) 自攻螺絲膠墊質(zhì)量差容易開裂，玻璃密封膠容易老化等。6) The self tapping screw rubber pad has poor quality and is easy to crack, and the glass sealant is easy to age, etc.7) 扣板明顯變形，相鄰兩板的板高、間距均不同，扣板拉釘應(yīng)采用防水拉釘。7) The g

38、usset plate is obviously deformed, and the plate height and spacing of two adjacent plates are different. The gusset plate pull nail shall be waterproof pull nail.3、各部位漏水原因分析及解決方案3. Cause analysis and solution of water leakage at each part(1) 屋面螺釘和緊固件處漏水。(1) Water leakage at roof screws and fastener

39、s.這種現(xiàn)象較為普遍， 主要出現(xiàn)于雙層彩鋼板及單層彩鋼板屋面。 在施工過程中， 自攻螺 絲力量過重、過輕，自攻螺絲打偏、打斜等，都可能使自攻螺絲橡膠墊片變形、脫落或者形 成凹面，造成屋面點(diǎn)滴漏水，并通過保溫棉聚積，積少成多，形成多點(diǎn)漏水。另外，自攻螺 絲位置不正， 錯(cuò)過彩鋼板下的檁條而直接形成孔洞也是引起漏水的重要原因之一。 這種漏水 現(xiàn)象在單層彩鋼板不設(shè)保溫系統(tǒng)的屋面結(jié)構(gòu)中可能不太明顯， 主要是因?yàn)橛晁ㄟ^鋼板與檁 條接觸的部位滲漏后直接分散，不一定迅速滴落。This phenomenon is more common, mainly in double-layer color steel

40、plate and single-layer color steel plate roof. In the construction process, the self tapping screw force is too heavy and light, and the self tapping screw is biased and skewed, which may deform, fall off or form a concave surface, resulting in a bit of water leakage on the roof, and accumulate thro

41、ugh the thermal insulation cotton, add up and form a lot of water leakage. In addition, the incorrect position of the self tapping screw, missing the purlin under the color steel plate and directly forming a hole is also one of the important reasons for water leakage. This leakage phenomenon may not

42、 be obvious in the roof structure without insulation system of single-layer color steel plate, mainly because the rainwater is directly dispersed after leakage through the contact part between the steel plate and purlin, and does not necessarily drip rapidly.( 2)彩鋼板搭接處漏水。(2) There is water leakage a

43、t the lap joint of color steel plate. 水平搭接縫和豎向搭接縫， 彩鋼板搭接處漏水， 若遇見彩鋼板瓦波過低或者雨水量大沒 過瓦波時(shí)， 容易形成大面積漏水， 且不易發(fā)覺漏水點(diǎn)， 一旦形成不易檢修。 多見于弧形屋面。 其原因主要是兩張板之間搭接不緊、自攻螺絲沒有打滿形成了空隙等等。The horizontal lap joint, vertical lap joint and the lap joint of color steel plate leak. If the tile wave of color steel plate is too low or t

44、he amount of rain is too large, it is easy to form a large area of water leakage, and it is not easy to detect the water leakage point. Once it is formed, it is not easy to repair. It is often seen in arc roof. The main reasons are that the lap between the two plates is not tight, the self tapping s

45、crews are not full, forming a gap and so on.( 3)屋脊部分漏水。(3) The ridge is leaking.在輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)屋面施工中， 由屋脊瓦引起的漏水也是一種較為常見的現(xiàn)象。 在雨季， 尤 其是雨水量大時(shí), 雨水的飛濺通過脊瓦下部兩張彩鋼板對接處縫隙, 形成大面積滲漏。 該部 位漏水的主要原因是： 屋脊處波峰太高, 屋脊蓋板無法保證防水； 縱向搭接不放膠泥或硅膠, 形成縫隙而漏水； 屋脊蓋板縱向搭接用鉚釘連接, 熱脹冷縮強(qiáng)度不夠而拉斷鉚釘, 形成漏水； 屋脊蓋板與屋面板之間不敷設(shè)堵頭, 或堵頭放置不規(guī)范而脫落形成漏水。 解決辦法是： 屋脊

46、蓋板做寬些,另外坡度找大點(diǎn)；搭接處敷設(shè)膠泥或硅膠；更換縫合釘；堵頭應(yīng)與板型匹配, 堵頭敷設(shè)時(shí)應(yīng)上下放膠泥或硅膠。 對防止脊瓦漏雨, 在施工中宜采用加大脊瓦翻邊長度, 逢 瓦波部位剪口,接縫處打膠。In the construction of light steel structure roof, water leakage caused by roof ridge tile is also a common phenomenon. In rainy season, especially when there is a large amount of rain, the splash of ra

47、in passes through the gap between the two color steel plates at the lower part of the ridge tile, forming a large area of leakage. The main reasons for water leakage in this part are: the crest at the ridge is too high, and the ridge cover plate can not ensure waterproof; Longitudinal lapping withou

48、t mastic or silica gel, forming a gap and water leakage; The longitudinal overlap of ridge cover plate is connected with rivets, and the rivets are broken due to insufficient strength of thermal expansion and cold contraction, resulting in water leakage; No plug is laid between the ridge cover plate

49、 and the roof slab, or the plug is placed irregularly and falls off to form water leakage. The solution is: make the ridge cover wider, and find a larger slope; Lay mastic or silica gel at the lap joint; Replace the suture nail; The plug shall match the plate type, and the mastic or silica gel shall

50、 be put up and down during plug laying. In order to prevent the ridge tile from leaking rain, it is advisable to increase the flanging length of the ridge tile during construction, cut the opening at each tile wave, and apply glue at the joint.(4) 屋面氣樓部位(4) Roof air tower 該部位漏水的主要原因是： 氣樓與屋面交接處收邊下未放置

51、泡沫堵頭, 且收邊縱向搭接 未敷設(shè)膠泥或硅膠；屋面外板在氣樓交接處未上板；氣樓結(jié)構(gòu)支柱開孔部位未做防水處理； 氣樓自身制作、 安裝存在漏水隱患。 解決辦法是： 收邊安裝前應(yīng)敷設(shè)泡沫堵頭,縱向搭接須 設(shè)置膠泥或堵頭用縫合釘固定； 氣樓安裝前必須將屋面板上好； 要求氣樓施工方在氣樓結(jié)構(gòu) 完成后對開孔部位進(jìn)行防水處理,對氣樓安裝質(zhì)量和防水性能進(jìn)行查驗(yàn)。The main reasons for water leakage in this part are: no foam plug is placed at the junction of the air tower and the roof, and

52、 no glue or silica gel is laid on the longitudinal side. The roof outer plate is not installed at the junction of the gas tower; The opening part of the pillar of the air tower structure is not waterproof; There are hidden dangers of water leakage in the fabrication and installation of the gas tower

53、. The solution is: foam plugs should be laid before installation and installation. The roof panel must be installed before the installation of the air tower; The Construction Party of the gas tower is required to conduct waterproof treatment on the opening parts after the completion of the gas tower

54、 structure, and check the installation quality and waterproof performance of the gas tower.(5) 采光板部位(5) Daylighting board position采光板部位防水是維護(hù)系統(tǒng)防水的重要部位, 采光板安裝中的膠泥鋪設(shè)、 防水螺釘是屋 面漏水的主要隱患； 采光板板型與屋面板板型不吻合, 采光板兩側(cè)波峰高于屋面板, 安裝后, 密封過嚴(yán)或采光板內(nèi)外氣壓差, 毛細(xì)水從采光板兩側(cè)縫隙進(jìn)入屋面內(nèi)部漏水； 采光板縱向搭 接長度不夠,且膠泥老化失去粘性； 縱向膠泥脫落；采光板和彩鋼板之間為剛性搭接, 中

55、間 的縫隙未密封。 屋面采光板防止漏水應(yīng)注意以下幾方面： 一是防水螺釘施打在波峰上部； 二 是采光板處的收邊板應(yīng)與采光板密封牢固, 縱向兩側(cè)膠泥要加寬, 并鋪設(shè)波峰上部, 防止水 毛細(xì)而滲水； 三是控制兩側(cè)波峰中心間距, 與采光板波峰中心距吻合, 不能因安裝問題或者 尺寸寬度不一而去掉采光板的波峰高度或?qū)挾?造成質(zhì)量隱患；四是縱向搭接一般不小于300 mm,并且搭接處用硅膠密封牢固，采光板搭接的地方應(yīng)敷設(shè)柔性膠帶密封。The waterproof of the daylighting board is an important part of the maintenance system. T

56、he mastic laying and waterproof screws in the installation of the daylighting board are the main hidden dangers of roof water leakage; The plate type of the daylighting board is inconsistent with that of the roof panel, and the wave crest on both sides of the daylighting board is higher than that of

57、 the roof panel. After installation, the sealing is too tight or the air pressure difference inside and outside the daylighting board, and capillary water enters the roof from the gaps on both sides of the daylighting board to leak; The longitudinal lap length of daylighting board is not enough, and

58、 the mastic is aging and loses its viscosity; Longitudinal mastic falling off; The daylighting board and color steel plate are rigidly overlapped, and the gap in the middle is not sealed. The following aspects shall be paid attention to in preventing water leakage of roof daylighting board: first, t

59、he waterproof screw shall be applied on the upper part of the wave crest; Second, the edge closing plate at the daylighting Board shall be firmly sealed with the daylighting board, the mastic on both longitudinal sides shall be widened, and the upper part of the wave crest shall be laid to prevent water capillary and water seepage; Third, the center distance of wave crest on both sides shall be contr