現(xiàn)在完成時講解(1)

1、Grammar 不同時間發(fā)生的動作，動詞要用不同形式 1.She works in a factory. 2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week. 5.Are you doing your homework ?過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時名稱名稱時間時間 動詞形式動詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時平時，經(jīng)常平時，經(jīng)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行一般將來時一般將來時即將，計(jì)劃即將，計(jì)劃 1.will/shall+v原形原形2.am/is/are going to +v原形原形一般過去時一般過去時過去（與現(xiàn)過去（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）在無關(guān)）1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）規(guī)則動詞）2.不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去某一時過去某一時間，在進(jìn)行間，在進(jìn)行was/were+v-ing1.v原形原形 2. v三單三單am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形原形2.be going to +v原形原形3.be+ving 4 be about to + v原形原形1.v-ed（規(guī)則動詞）規(guī)則動詞）2.不

3、規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞was/were+v-ing現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 主菜單上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系have been 與與have gone 比較比較與一般過去時的用法比較與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法上一頁下一頁- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關(guān)

4、了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my homework. I am free( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 上一頁下一頁I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English fo

5、r more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。多年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法主菜單2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)態(tài). .常與常與since + since + 過去的時間點(diǎn)，過去的時間點(diǎn)，for + for + 一

6、段時一段時間，間，so far so far 等時間狀語連用。等時間狀語連用。1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果影響或結(jié)果。 2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動作或狀態(tài), ,1.1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果影響或結(jié)果。2.2.過去已經(jīng)開始，過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞過去分詞had breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不

7、餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2000I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2000. nownow1.用法用法 2.現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成: have / has + v 過去分詞過去分詞 助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?I, finish, homeworkI have finished my homework.I havent finished my homework.Have y

8、ou finished your homework?Yes, I have. / No, I havent. 1.規(guī)則動詞規(guī)則動詞 2.不規(guī)則動詞不規(guī)則動詞finish-finished-finishedlive-lived-livedcarry-carried-carriedstopstopped-stoppedeg.gowentgonesee-sawseenforgetforgot-forgotten1. 1. 她成為一名護(hù)士已經(jīng)三年了。她成為一名護(hù)士已經(jīng)三年了。2. 2. 我五年前就認(rèn)識李雷了。我五年前就認(rèn)識李雷了。3. 3. 那些相片我已經(jīng)寄給他了。（那些相片我已經(jīng)寄給他了。（post

9、post）4. 4. 我來到這個學(xué)校后，他就一直教我。我來到這個學(xué)校后，他就一直教我。5. 5. 我剛丟了我的歷史書。我剛丟了我的歷史書。She has been a nurse for three years.I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him.He has taught me since I came to the school.I have just lost my history book. ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段時間的短語時間的短語 ( 2).si

10、nce+表示表示過去時間點(diǎn)過去時間點(diǎn)的詞語的詞語 ( 3).since+表示過去時間的時間狀語表示過去時間的時間狀語從句從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince B. 常與常與 just, already, yet, ever, never，so far 連用連用, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù). eg.Have y

11、ou _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.everjustalreadyyetA.for+時間段時間段/ since +時間點(diǎn)時間點(diǎn)3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時間狀語常與連用，如:already, already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, never, ever, just, yet, before, so

12、 far, in the past few yearsin the past few years等,表示“”所發(fā)生的動作.還可以和表示連用， since, for a long timesince, for a long time等.上一頁下一頁主菜單一、一、sincesince Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. . I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.Hes learned about 500 words Hes learned about 500 words since he since he went to

13、 college.went to college.上一頁下一頁主菜單一個時間點(diǎn)一個時間點(diǎn)一段時間一段時間ago從句從句二二、forfor一段時間一段時間（two weeks/six months/five daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短語短語表示動作延續(xù)多長時間表示動作延續(xù)多長時間 。 He has taught in this school He has taught in this school for four years. for four years. I havent seen her I havent seen her for

14、 a long timefor a long time. . 上一頁下一頁主菜單Comparison:-You speak French so well. Have you been to Paris?-Yes. I stayed there for 2 years.短暫性短暫性動詞與時間段的關(guān)系動詞與時間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時不能與時間段連用間段連用，這些動詞是：，這些動詞是：等。等。上一頁下一頁在完成式中表述這種意思在完成式中表述這種意思, ,我們常用相我們常用相應(yīng)的應(yīng)的來代替短暫性動詞。來代替短暫性動詞。主菜單四四. become be

15、come be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( f

16、rom), be away ( from), 下一頁上一頁主菜單 come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleep end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in the army be a soldi

17、er join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member 也可以仍用原短暫性動詞，也可以仍用原短暫性動詞，用句型用句型“” 或用或用“”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表述延續(xù)性的動這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表述延續(xù)性的動作或狀作或狀 態(tài)。態(tài)。 上一頁下一頁主菜單電影開始五分鐘了。The film The film has been onhas been on for five minutes. for five minutes.It isIt is five minutes five minutes sincesince the film the film beganThe film

18、 began The film began five minutes agofive minutes ago. .他入黨五年了。He has He has been inbeen in the Party for five years. the Party for five years.It isIt is five years five years sincesince he joined the Party. he joined the Party.He joined the Party He joined the Party five years ago .five years ago

19、.下一頁上一頁主菜單 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時間段連用。以與時間段連用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。她來這兒還沒有一個小時。上一頁下一頁主菜單 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。 2

20、. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man

21、 The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一頁上一頁主菜單 3.3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。他已經(jīng)回來三天了。 4. 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。 5. 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days

22、/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 1

23、0 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW下一頁上一頁主菜單五五.have been 與與have gone 的用法比較的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表示表示曾經(jīng)到過某處曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已經(jīng)去了經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段呆在某處一段時間了時間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單1. HasHas she ever she eve

24、r been tobeen to Nanjing? Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？她曾去過南京嗎？ 2.You You have have nevernever beenbeen there, have you? there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ 3.I I have been tohave been to GuilingGuiling ,I went there ,I went there last year. last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。我去過桂林，我去年去的。 4.She She has gone tohas gone

25、 to Nanjing. Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單 六六.與一般過去時的用法比較一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。 上一頁下一頁主菜單 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較1）一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)

26、在的影為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）知道了。）2）一般過去時一般過去時 常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,in

27、October,justnow,-具體的時間狀語具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的時間狀語模糊的時間狀語句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時，）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時（錯）（錯）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（對）（對）Tomw

28、rotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是一般是延續(xù)性的延續(xù)性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般過去時一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。等。 ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的動作不是延續(xù)的加入的動作不是延續(xù)的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyear

29、s(sincethreeyearsago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))二時間狀語的區(qū)別：二時間狀語的區(qū)別： 當(dāng)有一個表示當(dāng)有一個表示過去某一特定時間過去某一特定時間的狀語時，的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時: : 上一頁下一頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時總是與現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時總是與since+since+時

30、間時間點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)，for +for +時間段連用。時間段連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has

31、been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years

32、.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一頁上一頁主菜單用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at h

33、ome now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to _ you ever _ to kunmingkunming ? Never. ? Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.W

34、here is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁上一頁主菜單1. The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A

35、didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be

36、4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it l