英語必修ⅲ人教新課標同步知識點學練考--名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句名詞性從句23名詞性從句定義：在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句 表語從句 賓語從句 同位語從句 【教法法探析教法法探析】4名詞性從句概述：引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞名詞性從句概述：引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接代詞連接代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever連接副詞連接副詞 how, why, when, where however, wherever連接詞連接詞that, whether, if, becauseas if /as though（不充當從句的任何成分） 5在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達的

2、是疑問含義。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 問題是他對那個小男孩做了些什么。 61. 主語從句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。 主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導。7that在從句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當成分。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么

3、，還不清楚。8Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 9有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：1）It + be + 名詞 + that 從句2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句103）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句4）It + 不及

4、物動詞 + that 從句It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。11It is a pity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that, Its desired that12注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary Its important, It

5、s naturalstrange, etc.) that 132. 賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 引導賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。141)由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 15We must never think (that) we are good in eve

6、rything while others are good in nothing. 16注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 17The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, ins

7、ist作“堅持說、堅持認為”講，則其后的賓語從句中應該用陳述語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 182)用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。 19I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work

8、well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 203)用whether或if引導的賓語句whether和if均可引導動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. 21Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the

9、test.22Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont care about whether you have money or not. 介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導，要用whether和what。that也很少引導介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 23I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 244)如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則必須用it作形

10、式賓語，而將賓語從句后置，并且that不能省略。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 25doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/ if 引導名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用 that 引導名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接 that 引導的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if 引導的名詞性從句。 26We doubt whether/ if he can win the game. I dont doubt that he will win the game. 27連接代詞whoe

11、ver，whatever，whichever可引導名詞性從句，相當于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導讓步狀語從句，相當于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 283. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 引導表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if, because 引導。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語 + 系動詞 + that從句 29The fact is that we have lost the game

12、. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 30It looks as if it is going to rain，This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，當主語是reason 時，表語從句要用that引導而不是because。 The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute

13、 this morning. 314. 同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容， 32引導同位語從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導同位語從句。 I have no idea when she will be back. 33The news that we won the gam

14、e is exciting. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 34【學法引導學法引導】在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是中學階段的一個重要語法項目，35在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面1. 考查名詞性從句的語序問題 2. 考查引導詞that與what的區(qū)別3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法 4. 考查whether與if的區(qū)別5. 考查名詞性從句中的

15、疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的狀語從句的區(qū)別 6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題36 主語從句中的主語從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式用單數(shù)形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導主語從句時引導主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單主句謂語動詞的單復數(shù)由表語的單復數(shù)決定復數(shù)由表語的單復數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis37單個的主語

16、從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。 When and where he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 38 賓語從句中的賓語從句中的“時態(tài)呼應時態(tài)呼應”與與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移” 若主句謂語動詞為若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含等，其后

17、的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：謂語用肯定式。例如：He told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作已經(jīng)完成了工作)時態(tài)呼應時態(tài)呼應否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認為他不會來這里我認為他不會來這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finished39賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)； I know that

18、 he studies English every day. 40I know (that) he will study English next year.We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 41如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. 42The

19、 teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.43當主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he wi

20、ll do so. 44同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。 45I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導同位語從句,不能省略）(that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）46【模擬練習模擬練習】1.The question is _the film is

21、 worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because471._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，沒有詞義沒有詞義_起連接作用，且在從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，起連接作用，且在從