二模任務(wù)型讀寫(2

1、任務(wù)型閱讀專項(xiàng)講解一考試說明的內(nèi)容及要求2009年安徽省高考英語考試增加了一個(gè)新的題型任務(wù)型讀寫。任務(wù)型讀寫的題型設(shè)計(jì)突出語篇，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用。任務(wù)型讀寫的題型結(jié)構(gòu)為一篇300左右的短文和表格，要求考生對(duì)文中的有效信息進(jìn)行篩選、整合和綜合概括，而后準(zhǔn)確、有序地完成表格的空缺，在每個(gè)空格里填寫恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。這體現(xiàn)出了新課改增加客觀表達(dá)題的努力。據(jù)考試說明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整體行文結(jié)構(gòu)，包括標(biāo)題、段落大意、文章細(xì)節(jié)，結(jié)論等部分。此類新題型旨在考查考生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力，要求考生在閱讀所給短文的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)短文的有效信息進(jìn)行提煉、整合，最終根據(jù)表格設(shè)計(jì)要求進(jìn)行作答。二近4年安徽高考考點(diǎn)分布及命題趨勢(shì)：

2、高考點(diǎn)擊年份2012201120102009體裁說明文議論文說明文說明文題材文化沖突教育傾聽求職網(wǎng)站推薦題型信息篩選題4434整合轉(zhuǎn)換題3444綜合概括題3232詞性名詞6666形容詞1113動(dòng)詞1231副詞1100語法構(gòu)詞法1323非謂語動(dòng)詞1122比較等級(jí)010三 一輪復(fù)習(xí)中存在的問題從一輪復(fù)習(xí)的授課和幾次段考的情況來看，任務(wù)型讀寫專題中學(xué)生出現(xiàn)的主要問題集中在1.有些學(xué)生信息篩選能力較弱，不能準(zhǔn)確定位。2.部分學(xué)生英語基礎(chǔ)較差，不能根據(jù)表格的需要，準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)原文找出的信息來源進(jìn)行詞性整合轉(zhuǎn)換，還有一些中等程度的學(xué)生不能對(duì)句型和語義進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.此外還有些問題屬于粗心。比如說忽視表格內(nèi)表達(dá)形

3、式的一致和固定搭配。考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)1：信息篩選題信息篩選提是基礎(chǔ)題目，一般可以直接通過將表格和短文進(jìn)行對(duì)照，邊讀文章邊找出于試題相同的句子信息，獲取到相關(guān)單詞，有時(shí)試題和原文句型句式不同，需進(jìn)行簡單的邏輯推理然后找到相應(yīng)單詞，不需變化，直接填入。例如：2012年安徽省高考英語第79題：原文為 In Muslim countries,設(shè)題為 Muslim countries.2012年安徽省高考英語第81題：原文為 In Mexico,lunch is a time to relax.，設(shè)題為 Relaxing while having lunch2011年安徽省高考英語第78題：原文為 Here

4、 is what our schools should teach.，而設(shè)題為Important things should be taught in (78) schools(s).2011年安徽省高考英語第85題：原文為This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.，而設(shè)題為Children should be taught what (85) life is and how to deal with it.2010年安徽省高考英語第77題：原文為When difficu

5、lt people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: theyve been heard theyve been understood.，而設(shè)題為Difficult people hope they have been heard and (77) understood when they express themselves.2009年安徽省高考英語第83題：原文為She discovers that medical assistants not only have to do some o

6、ffice work, but have medical responsibilities as well.，而設(shè)題為If shes a medical assistant, shell also take medical (83) responsibilities.考點(diǎn)2：整合轉(zhuǎn)換題整合轉(zhuǎn)換題是典型的二次加工題型，需要考生有基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。，對(duì)句子成分和詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系要明確。做題時(shí)，不但要找到與試題相關(guān)的句子信息，還要根據(jù)詞法和句法只是以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行加工，從而提煉出新詞?？杉?xì)分為如下兩種情況：（1）詞形整合轉(zhuǎn)換。被考查單詞在原文和試題中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞植煌?，因而需在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容

7、詞、副詞等之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：2012年安徽省高考英語第78題：原文為 In Japan,you should bow 而設(shè)題為bowing to show respect.2012年安徽省高考英語第79題：原文為In Korea,you should take off your shoes when entering a house.設(shè)題為：Taking off your shoes at the enterance/door.2011年安徽省高考英語第81題：原文為but we dont make an effort to teach children how to manage it.，

8、而設(shè)題為The basic skill of (81) managing money.2011年安徽省高考英語第82題：原文為.they should at least teach critical (批判性的) thinking.，而設(shè)題為How to (82) think in a critical way.2010年安徽省高考英語第79題：原文為You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.，而設(shè)題為（79）Nod in agreement and make so

9、me sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.（動(dòng)詞非謂語形式轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語形式）2009年安徽省高考英語第78題：原文為Regularly undated, the Handbook is available as a book and on-line. 而設(shè)題為The information is updated in a（78）regular manner.（副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞）（2）句型整合轉(zhuǎn)換。試題中的被考查單詞在原文中找不到同根詞，無法獲取單詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，需根據(jù)原文中相應(yīng)句子的意義和上下文邏輯聯(lián)系進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換

10、。例如：2012年安徽省高考英語第題：原文為:Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.而設(shè)題為 When traveling abroad, we should follow local customs.2010年安徽省高考英語第84題：原文為Understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.，而設(shè)題為A difficult person will be (84)

11、 easier to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.整合轉(zhuǎn)換題在詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和句型轉(zhuǎn)換方面還應(yīng)注意一些技巧和原則，盡量做到萬無一失。請(qǐng)記住：表格內(nèi)詞性、大小寫和語法運(yùn)用上要保持一致。同一單元格要注意在用詞方面保持一致的格式。例如：2010年安徽省高考英語第79題(78) on listening(79) in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.Repeat some (80) that you have h

12、eard.Collect information about the persons expressions and find his (81) .Give a (82) of what the person has said.Confirm that the person gains (83) from speaking his thoughts.觀察此表，發(fā)現(xiàn)右欄單元格內(nèi)均為祈使句，故79題也應(yīng)填上動(dòng)詞原形為宜。由于其他句首均為大寫，故79題也應(yīng)首字母大寫。（1） 善用同義詞和反義詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Most workers were for/were in favor of/stood f

13、or the decision. = Most workers supported the decision. (同義詞)When you have found information about some different careers, you will be ready to talk to career advisers. = Find some information on-line before consulting/asking career advisers. （同義詞）They found the problem was not easy, so they decided

14、 to turn to the professor. =Finding they couldnt solve the difficult problem, they consulted the professor. (反義詞)（2） 正確使用構(gòu)詞法。例如：confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced. = Confirm that the person gains satisfaction from speaking his thoughts.Its wor

15、th taking the time and finding as much information as you can. = The time you spend and the efforts you make will be worthwhile.（3） 熟練運(yùn)用語法句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Having finished all his homework, the boy went out into the street to play with his good fellows. = The boy appeared in the street playing with his friend

16、s after he finished his assignments.句型轉(zhuǎn)化比較難以掌握，平時(shí)要多觀察、多總結(jié)、多記憶，并經(jīng)常用翻譯法訓(xùn)練，即將一個(gè)漢語句子譯成多個(gè)英語句子。考點(diǎn)3：綜合概括題綜合概括題要求考生對(duì)全文或段落進(jìn)行總體語篇把握，通過觀察表格的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)，從而歸納和概括出所考察的單詞。此類設(shè)題一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。例如：2011年安徽高考英語第79題TitleVery Useful (76) IntroductionEducation should be a (77) for life.AdviceImportant things should be taught in (

17、78) Teaching (79) How to behave (80) The basic skill of (81) moneyHow to (82) in a critical wayHow to keep (83) The rights and responsibilities one has in (84) ConclusionChildren should be taught what (85) is and how to deal with it.根據(jù)表格中左列上下單元格（Title, Introduction, Advice, Conclusion）進(jìn)行對(duì)照可知此處應(yīng)填寫概括性

18、詞匯，再通過該單元格右欄5點(diǎn)信息進(jìn)行綜合概括，可知是談“教育的內(nèi)容或話題”，故使用Contents/ contents/ Subjects/ subjects/ Topics/ topics。綜合概括題是比較難題型，需要考生有概括能力?？忌谄綍r(shí)應(yīng)更多地分析英語閱讀短文，多進(jìn)行概括能力訓(xùn)練，學(xué)有余力的考生也可以找一些閱讀短文進(jìn)行任務(wù)型讀寫的編寫訓(xùn)練。為了更快捷地掌握概括能力，總結(jié)和熟記一些概括性詞匯及其固定搭配是很有必要的。下面列舉一些基本的概括性詞匯：總結(jié)、概括：conclusion, summary建議：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommen

19、dation影響：effect, influence, impact印象：impression因果：reason (for), cause(of); result, consequence利弊：advantage & disadvantage優(yōu)點(diǎn)：advantage, strength, virtue, convenience缺點(diǎn)：disadvantage, weakness, drawback錯(cuò)誤：mistake, error, fault質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)：quality, virtue數(shù)量：quantity, amount, number目的：purpose, aim, goal, object

20、ive方法：way, means, method, approach (to), solution(to), manner措施：measure, action行為、活動(dòng)：action, behavior, conduct, activity步驟：step, stage, process, procedure觀點(diǎn)、意見：opinion(of,about), view(about,on) ,想法：idea(of), thought(about,of on ),意義：importance, significance, meaning, sense態(tài)度：attitude (to). manner同意、

21、正面：agreement, pros, approval,反對(duì)、反面：disagreement, cons, opposition, objection需要、需求：demand, need, requirement, request, desire,問題：question, problem, issue答案：answer(to), key(to), solution(to), 反應(yīng)：response(to), reaction(to)比較：comparison, contrast評(píng)價(jià)：comment(on), assessment (of)特點(diǎn)：feature, character, char

22、acteristic種類：kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description等級(jí)：grade, rank, degree, class風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣：custom, manner, practice, habit主題、話題：theme, subject, topic標(biāo)題：title, headline, heading作用、功能：use, usage, function關(guān)系、聯(lián)系：relation, relationship, connection來源、歷史：origin, history, source事實(shí)、現(xiàn)

23、實(shí)：fact, reality, actuality規(guī)則、規(guī)定：rule, regulation情況、狀況： situation, condition, case, circumstance, state說明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction介紹：introduction, presentation定義：description ,definition.描述性詞匯：length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appeara

24、nce, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price.備考策略1. 掌握正確的解題步驟。解題一般分為五步：（1） 審題：正確審題，讀懂題意考生要看清楚不同的答題要求和表格的格式，這都是“審題”的范疇。（2） 略讀：快速瀏覽，了解大意（3） 考生要快速略讀文章，理解表格設(shè)計(jì)，特別要注意表格有無大標(biāo)題、列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題。了解這些有助于我們理解文章、也有助于我們縮小信息查找的范圍，確定考查內(nèi)容。（4） 細(xì)讀：整合信息，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)在弄清題意和理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，考生要細(xì)讀所給的文章，結(jié)合題意和要求對(duì)信息進(jìn)行再加工，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況完成所要求的任務(wù)。填寫答案時(shí)注意答案的對(duì)稱性，即要注意

25、答案與圖表的已有部分保持一致。比如：同一行（列）標(biāo)題所包括的內(nèi)容是v.-ing形式還是動(dòng)詞原形，是名詞還是形容詞，字母是否需要大寫等。同時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、句式等，避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。（5） 查讀：通觀全篇，復(fù)讀檢查仔細(xì)閱讀文章，認(rèn)真核實(shí)，檢查意思是否準(zhǔn)確、表達(dá)方式是否得當(dāng)、單詞拼寫是否正確。考生必須確保答案無誤，才能獲得該試題的高分。2. 掌握一定的答題技巧技巧1：快速解題的技巧之一是快速準(zhǔn)確的信息定位。題干和原文存在著精準(zhǔn)的對(duì)應(yīng)，考生要利用表格中的信息提示，準(zhǔn)確地在文中找到答案的信息來源。技巧2：準(zhǔn)確確定答案的詞性（形）至關(guān)重要。這就要求考生具有非常扎實(shí)的語法和詞匯知識(shí)。我們要根據(jù)上下文先確定詞

26、意，再確定詞性，最后用所選詞的適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。?？嫉亩鄶?shù)是實(shí)詞。我們要分別注意一下幾個(gè)方面：動(dòng)詞：要注意形式，包括時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，主謂一致，第三人稱等方面。名詞：要注意單復(fù)數(shù)和格形容詞、副詞：要注意各自不同的修飾功能以及比較等級(jí)的形式。技巧3：培養(yǎng)語感，不斷夯實(shí)概括句子、段落、意群的能力。了解并熟悉不同文體的特征，不斷的培養(yǎng)語篇分析能力，我們就可以迅速歸納出文章大意和作者的寫作意圖，有助于解答任務(wù)型讀寫中的提煉概括類題目。(皖南八校九月份聯(lián)考)第四部分 寫作 (共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié) 任務(wù)型閱讀 (共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一

27、個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。Humans are social beings. We enjoy being understood and accepted. Unfortunately, Western culture values individual achievement more than personal relationships. Were better at finding career success than at connecting with other people. As a result, our relati

28、onships often suffer. Here are tips for better relationships with everyone.Everyone wants to share the newest story, the great idea they have and their thoughts and advice. When talking to someone, hear him/her out without judgment or interruption. Focus on whats being said and do your best to under

29、stand.All relationships require trust. Having no trust means worrying about what others are doing, thinking and saying when youre not around. It means monitoring and controlling someone instead of enjoying them.You probably feel let down at the time when you fail to tell others what you want and the

30、n blame them for not reading your mind. So when you want something - or want to share something - be honest about it. Expressing your desires might feel uncomfortable, but it gives the other person a fighting chance to give you what you really want.Were always looking to gain something from other pe

31、ople: positive emotions, knowledge, gifts. This is fine: humans are selfish by nature. The problem is, you cant just take and take in relationships. If you dont give back something of equal or greater value, theres no reason for other people to stay around you. In todays world, its always about me,

32、me, me. This is why our relationships with friends, family are weak. You cant connect with other people if youre thinking about yourself all the time.The best way to build better relationships with everyone is through positive actions.TitleBuilding better relationshipsThe (76) _ ofsufferingrelations

33、hipsWestern culture value individual achievement (77) _ than personal relationships.(78 ) _ ofbuilding betterrelationshipsLearn to listen and (79) _.When talking to someone, hear him/her out.Trust other people.When you are not round, never (80) _ about what others are doing, thinking and saying.Be h

34、onest about (81) _ you want.When you want something, (82) _ your desire frankly.Be a giver.If you want the people to stay around you, give back something equal or more (83) _.(84) _The best way to built better relationships with everyone is to act (85) _.76. cause 77. more 78. Way(s)/Method(s) 79. u

35、nderstand 80. worry 81. what 82. express 83. valuable 84. Conclusion 85. positively(蕪湖一中2013屆高三第二次模擬考試)第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一部分 任務(wù)型讀寫（共10??；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表格中的空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞The business world has become very competitive these days and every company is trying its best to increase i

36、ts market share. However, only those people who can effectively reach out to their customers can win in this race. Advertising is one of the best tools to reach millions of people and explain to them the quality and feature of your product. Though internet advertising, television advertising and rad

37、io advertising have appeared as the most popular forms of advertising in this modern age, you cannot ignore the importance of newspaper advertising.Choosing the most popular newspaper is one of the most important newspaper advertising tips for all businessmen. While placing an ad, you must realize h

38、ow popular the newspaper is. The more the readers are, the more the customers you will get. Though popular newspapers would be more expensive, it is advisable to go with them to expect a good response from people.The wording of the advertisement is very important because that will attract people to

39、the products of your company. The wording should be simple, easy to understand and grammatically correct. The overall appearance of the advertisement should also be good and attractive. Your ad can be a little bigger in size. A colored ad with the content written in a stylish manner can get more attention.Positioning your advertisement at the right place is very important. Generally, it is believed that the ads on the first few pages and those at the top of the newspaper would get more attention. The