2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)必修五人教版課件：Unit1　Greatscientists11-英語(yǔ)備課大師【全免費(fèi)】

1、【文章導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 Have you heard of Newton,a famous scientist?There are many interesting stories about him.Here is one.你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)著名科學(xué)家牛頓嗎?關(guān)于他,有許多有趣的故事。下面就是其中之一。Isaac Newton was a great English scientist,who was one of the greatest men in history.But when he was thinking about his work,he often forgot other things.On

2、e morning after getting up early,Newton began to work at once.He worked on a very difficult problem.When it was time for breakfast,he was still thinking it hard,so he would not go to have breakfast.Mary brought a pan of water and an egg to his room.She was going to boil the egg for him.However,Newto

3、n wanted to stay by himself and said,“You can put the egg on the table,Ill boil it.” Having put the egg beside Newton and his watch on the table,she told him,“You must boil the egg for four minutes and then it will be ready.”Then she came out of the room.But Mary was afraid that Newton forgot to boi

4、l the egg.She went to his room again an hour later.What did she see?Newton was standing by the pan,having the egg in his hand.He had put the watch in the pan and boiled it.But he did not know what he was doing.Please remember what Newton once said,“I dont know what I may seem to the world,but,as to

5、myself,I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea shore,and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary,while the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.譯文艾薩克牛頓是一位偉大的英國(guó)科學(xué)家。他是歷史上的一位偉人。但是當(dāng)他思考自己的工作時(shí),他經(jīng)常忘記其他事情。一天早上,牛頓早早起床,立刻開(kāi)始工作。他

6、在算一道很難的題。當(dāng)?shù)搅嗽顼垥r(shí)間,他還在努力思考,因此他沒(méi)有去吃早飯。瑪麗端著一鍋水和一顆雞蛋來(lái)到他的房間。她打算給他煮雞蛋。但是牛頓想自己待著,說(shuō):“你可以把雞蛋放在桌子上,我會(huì)自己煮雞蛋的。”瑪麗把雞蛋放在牛頓旁邊,又把他的手表放在桌子上,說(shuō):“你一定要把雞蛋煮四分鐘,然后它才熟?！爆旣惾缓笞叱隽朔块g。但是瑪麗怕牛頓忘了煮雞蛋。一個(gè)小時(shí)后,她又來(lái)到他的房間。她看到了什么?牛頓站在鍋的旁邊,手里拿著那顆雞蛋。他把手表放在鍋里煮了。但他自己卻不知道了發(fā)生了什么。請(qǐng)記住牛頓曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的一句話:“我不知道在別人看來(lái),我是什么樣的人;但在我自己看來(lái),我不過(guò)就像是一個(gè)在海濱玩耍的小孩,為不時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)比尋常更

7、為光滑的一塊卵石或比尋常更為美麗的一片貝殼而沾沾自喜,而對(duì)于展現(xiàn)在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋,卻全然沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)。”典句欣賞1.Newton was standing by the pan,having the egg in his hand.牛頓站在鍋的旁邊,手里拿著那顆雞蛋。2.I dont know what I may seem to the world,but,as to myself,I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea shore,and diverting myself in now and then findi

8、ng a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary,while the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.我不知道在別人看來(lái),我是什么樣的人;但在我自己看來(lái),我不過(guò)就像是一個(gè)在海濱玩耍的小孩,為不時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)比尋常更為光滑的一塊卵石或比尋常更為美麗的一片貝殼而沾沾自喜,而對(duì)于展現(xiàn)在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋,卻全然沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)。理解誘思1.The writer gave us the example to tell us .A.Newton was careless when h

9、e did anythingB.when he was thinking hard,Newton often forgot other thingsC.Mary was his mother who often helped him with his workD.boiled watches are more delicious than boiled eggs答案:B2.Do you want to be a scientist like Newton?Why?答案:略一二三四五一、詞義匹配AB1.suspecta. to tell people something about a deci

10、sion, plans,etc.2.blame b. to deal with a situation, or a person3.pollute c. a connection between two or more people or things4.handle d. to have an idea that somebody is guilty of something5.link e. to add dirty things to land, air,or water6.announce f. to say somebody is responsible for something

11、bad答案:1.d2.f3.e4.b5.c6.a一二三四五二、猜詞拼寫1. to end a speech,a meeting,or a piece of writing2. to win a victory over (sb.);overcome3. to take care of (sb.)4. to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness5. a new or difficult task that tests somebodys ability and skillconclude defeat attend c

12、ure challenge 一二三四五三、詞匯延伸1.conclude vt.& vi.結(jié)束;推斷出 n.結(jié)論 2.expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光 n.揭露;暴露 3.challenge n.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向挑戰(zhàn) adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的;挑起爭(zhēng)論的 4.suspect vt.懷疑n.被懷疑者;嫌疑犯 adj.可疑的 5.announce vt.宣布;通告 n.通告; 布告; 預(yù)告; 宣告 6.pollute vt.污染;弄臟 adj.受污染的 conclusion exposure challenging suspected announcement polluted 一二三四五四、閱讀

13、課文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”,回答下列問(wèn)題1.According to John Snows view,.A.Queen Victoria suffered a lot from bad healthB.a cure had been found for cholera before his timeC.choleras cause had to be discovered in order to control itD.thousands of terrified people knew what they should do答案:C一二三四五2.Wh

14、ich of the following theories did John Snow believe in?A.A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.B.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.C.People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.D.People suffered from cholera because they were

15、not clean.答案:B3.Before 1854,when cholera broke out,.A.many thousands of people diedB.people with cholera could be curedC.John Snow began to know its causeD.John Snow became inspired答案:A一二三四五4.How did people defeat “King Cholera”?A.By not polluting the river again.B.By eating healthy diets.C.By deliv

16、ering the water from other rivers.D.By stopping drinking the polluted water.答案:D5.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B.The cause of cholera was the polluted water.C.The source of all drinking water supplies should be examined.D.How John Snow found the ca

17、use of cholera and defeated it.答案:D一二三四五五、閱讀課文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”,完成下列短文John Snow was a well-known doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he 1. (attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he became 2. (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people 3. (expose)to cholera

18、,4. was the deadly disease of its day.Many thousands of 5. (terrify) people died every time there was an outbreak.He wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.attended inspired exposed which terrified 一二三四五After research,he marked on a map the exact places 6._ all the dead people had lived

19、.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.Many of the 7.(die) were near the water pump in Broad Street.8. looking into the source of the water,he found that it came from the river 9._ (pollute) by the dirty water from London.Immediately,he told the people in Broad Street to remov

20、e the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.The disease slowed down soon and finally,it was 10. (defeat).where deaths After polluted defeated 12345678910Who put forward a theory about black holes?(P1)誰(shuí)提出了關(guān)于黑洞的理論?考點(diǎn)put forward提出【高考典句】(2016天津高考)The manager put forward a suggestion that we

21、should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.經(jīng)理提出了一條建議,我們應(yīng)該有個(gè)助手。要做的工作太多了。It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put forward,well make do with it.盡管這也許不是一個(gè)很好的建議,但是在提出一個(gè)更好的建議之前,我們先湊合一下。12345678910考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出put forward的含義 Why did you put your watch forward five minut

22、es?含義 撥快I put your name forward for club secretary.含義 推薦We have decided to put forward the meeting.含義 提前12345678910(2)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞組的含義Weve had to put our wedding off until September.含義 推遲We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.含義 收起來(lái)放好How could you put up with such a woman?含義 忍受1234567891

23、0put in打斷,插嘴,進(jìn)港put off推遲,延期put on穿,上演put away收起來(lái)放好put down寫下put out生產(chǎn),撲滅1234567891012345678910Draw a conclusion (P1)得出結(jié)論考點(diǎn)conclusion n.結(jié)論What do you base this conclusion on?你憑什么得出這個(gè)結(jié)論?考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出含conclusion的詞組及其含義We drew a conclusion that he had stolen the computer.詞組 draw a conclusion含義 得出結(jié)論 I

24、n conclusion,the meeting is a success.詞組 in conclusion含義 總之 Over the years Ive come to the conclusion that shes a very great musician.詞組 come to the conclusion含義 得出結(jié)論 12345678910(2)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性、詞組及其含義The meeting concluded at 8 oclock yesterday.詞性 動(dòng)詞含義 結(jié)束What can you conclude from the facts?詞組 con

25、clude from含義 從推斷出 To conclude,I wish you all good health and a long life.詞組 to conclude含義 最后,總之 12345678910draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論in conclusion總之come to the conclusion得出結(jié)論conclude vi.推斷;斷定;決定vt.推斷;決定,作結(jié)論;結(jié)束conclude from從推斷出to conclude總之1234567891012345678910JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”(P2)約翰斯諾擊敗“霍

26、亂王”考點(diǎn)defeat vt.打敗;戰(zhàn)敗;使受挫【高考典句】(2015天津高考)One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.在我12歲的一天,我的媽媽給我下令:我要走著去公共圖書(shū)館,在這個(gè)夏天至少借一本書(shū)讀。對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō),這是又一種

27、武器來(lái)?yè)魯∥移婀值膯?wèn)題沒(méi)有閱讀能力。They were defeated in the football match.他們?cè)谧闱蛸愔休斄?。溫馨提示defeat 的含義是“擊敗(某人)”“戰(zhàn)勝(某人)”,常指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或比賽中擊敗對(duì)手。12345678910考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下面句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及其含義Their first revolution had ended in defeat.詞性 名詞含義 失敗溫馨提示defeat泛指“失敗,輸”時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞;作為“具體失敗的事情”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。Can you still remember the two defeats?你還記得那兩次失敗嗎

28、?12345678910(2)辨析beat,defeat與win的用法beat側(cè)重在比賽中擊敗對(duì)手,而defeat常指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)手,其賓語(yǔ)是人;win后常接game,war,prize等詞做賓語(yǔ),不接人做賓語(yǔ)。He defeated/beat me at chess yesterday.昨天他在下國(guó)際象棋時(shí)擊敗了我。Who won the game?誰(shuí)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽?1234567891012345678910John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as h

29、er personal physician.(P2)約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛,因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。剖析本句含有so.that.句式,其含義是“如此以至于”。其中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。如:【高考典句】(2015江蘇高考) It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.天氣很冷,因此除非你穿上厚衣服,否則你不能走到外面去。In the 2016 Olympic Games,the Chinese volleyball team worked so h

30、ard that they won the champion in the end.在2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,中國(guó)女排努力拼搏,因而最終贏得了冠軍。12345678910溫馨提示當(dāng)“so+形容詞或副詞”位于句首時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝。所謂的部分倒裝,就是把謂語(yǔ)的一部分提到主語(yǔ)之前,也就是把be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。如:中文:他講話聲音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。He spoke so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him.(陳述語(yǔ)序) So loudly did he speak that even peopl

31、e in the next room could hear him.(倒裝語(yǔ)序)12345678910考點(diǎn)attend vt.照顧;護(hù)理;出席;參加The womans sons and daughters attend her every day.這位女士的兒女每天照顧著她。They have an important meeting to attend.他們有一次重要的會(huì)議要參加。Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?你會(huì)參加明天的結(jié)婚典禮嗎?考點(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及其含義He would have a nurse

32、 in constant attendance day and night.詞性 名詞含義 陪護(hù)The girl attendant has set about cleaning the room.詞性 名詞含義 服務(wù)員12345678910(2)辨析:take part in,join,join in與attend 12345678910I have joined the school football club and often join in their activities.Im allowed to attend their meetings and to my surprise

33、one member will take part in the national sports meet.我已經(jīng)加入了學(xué)校足球俱樂(lè)部,經(jīng)常參加他們的活動(dòng)。我被允許參加他們的會(huì)議,令我驚訝的是,一個(gè)會(huì)員將參加國(guó)家運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。attendance n.出席,參加attendant adj.負(fù)責(zé)照顧的n.服務(wù)員attend (to sb./sth.)專心;仔細(xì)考慮attend to sb./sth.照顧,關(guān)照1234567891012345678910But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed

34、 to cholera.(P2)但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓,他就感到很振奮。剖析本句中的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)exposed to cholera做后置定語(yǔ)修飾ordinary people。如:He decided to help the Indian women exposed to violence.他決心幫助那些受到暴力威脅的印度婦女。12345678910考點(diǎn)expose vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光【高考典句】(2015四川高考)His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab

35、,it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light,the more active they are at night.他的研究表明,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里,當(dāng)知更鳥(niǎo)在夜里被暴露在燈光下時(shí),就會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些基因在白天錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間活躍。并且被暴露在光下越多,它們?cè)谝估锞蜁?huì)越活躍。Dont expose it to the sun.不要把它暴露在太陽(yáng)下。歸納expose常與介詞to連用。12345678910The magazine exposed the poli

36、tician as a crook.這本雜志揭露這位政治家是一個(gè)騙子。The film has been exposed.這卷膠卷曝光了?？键c(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及其含義The cottage is in a very exposed position on the top of a hill.詞性 形容詞含義 暴露的Exposure to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.詞性 名詞含義 暴露12345678910Though he exposed himself to some dangers,he wa

37、nted to expose the officials lawless actions,which he took photos of.But his film was exposed.Even so,the official exposed his panic.雖然他置身于某些危險(xiǎn)中,但是他還是想揭露這個(gè)官員的不法行為,他給這些行為拍了照。但是他的膠卷曝光了。即使這樣,那個(gè)官員露出了恐懼。12345678910exposure n.暴露;揭發(fā)be exposed to使暴露在expose sb./sth.to.使某人/某物暴露在expose sth.揭露某事1234567891056123

38、478910Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(P2)人們既不了解它的病源,也不了解它的治療方法。剖析neither.nor的含義是“既不也不”,連接單詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與nor后的部分保持一致。如:Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting.他和我都不打算去參加這次會(huì)議。考點(diǎn)cure n.治愈;痊愈vt.治愈;治療Prevention is better than cure.預(yù)防勝于治療。56123478910【高考典句】(2015湖北高考) Science has

39、a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature,cure diseases,make bombs,and help bridges to stand up.科學(xué)有許多用途。它可以揭示自然規(guī)律,治愈疾病,制造炸彈,并且?guī)椭ㄔ鞓蛄??？键c(diǎn)延伸(1)閱讀下列句子,指出cure的用法He went to the south for a cure for his disease at a famous hospital.歸納cure作為“治療(辦法)”講時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞,常與介詞for連用。(2)辨析cure和treat的區(qū)別56123478910Doctor Sm

40、ith thought of a cure for her headache and treated her with a new medicine,which cured her of the headache.史密斯大夫想到一種治愈她頭疼的方法,用一種新藥來(lái)給她治療,治愈了她的頭疼。5612347891067512348910The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(P2)第二種看法是在吃飯的時(shí)候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。剖析本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

41、詞suggest當(dāng)“表明;暗示”時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,此時(shí)通常不用人做suggest的主語(yǔ)。如:Her pale face suggested that she was ill.她蒼白的臉表明她生病了?？键c(diǎn)延伸suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如:All of them suggested that the work (should) be started at once.他們都建議立刻開(kāi)始工作。67512348910考點(diǎn)absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使專心【高考典句】(2015天津高考)Absorb

42、ed in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.約翰專心于畫畫,沒(méi)有注意到夜幕降臨。So many good ideas! Its too much for me to absorb all at once.這么多好主意!太多了,很難一下完全吸收。The book absorbed his attention.這本書(shū)吸引了他的注意力。He was absorbed in his job.他專心于他的工作。歸納be absorbed in意為“專心于”67512348910考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出absorb的含義The clever

43、boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.含義 接受(看法、知識(shí)等)675123489106751234891078651234910It seemed that the water was to blame.(P2)看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。剖析It seemed后的that可省略。如:It seems (that) our team is going to win.我們隊(duì)好像要贏了?？键c(diǎn)blame vt.責(zé)備;譴責(zé);把歸咎于n.過(guò)失;責(zé)備【高考典句】(2016全國(guó)高考丙)I often had crazy dreams in

44、 which I was to blame for Millers accident.我經(jīng)常做噩夢(mèng),在夢(mèng)里,我因?yàn)槊桌盏氖鹿识艿截?zé)備。Dont blame him.After all he is still a child.不要責(zé)備他。畢竟,他還是個(gè)孩子。Dont put the blame on the children.不要把過(guò)失歸咎于孩子們。78651234910考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出黑體詞的詞性及其含義He has always lived a blameless life.詞性 形容詞含義 清白的blameless adj.沒(méi)有毛病的,清白的be to blame應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備b

45、lame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人頭上put/lay the blame on sb.把過(guò)失歸咎于某人take/bear the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任7865123491089765123410He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.(P2)他馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。這樣,水泵就用不成了?？键c(diǎn)一immediately adv.立即;馬上If you hear an

46、alarm,leave the building immediately.要是聽(tīng)見(jiàn)警報(bào),馬上離開(kāi)大樓。June comes immediately after May.五月一過(guò)便是六月。歸納immediately做副詞時(shí),其同義詞為:at once/right away。89765123410考點(diǎn)延伸閱讀下列句子,指出immediately的詞性及含義I left immediately the clock struck twelve.詞性 連詞含義 一就考點(diǎn)二handle n.柄;把手vt.處理;操縱The pilot knows how to handle a plane.飛行員知道如何操

47、作飛機(jī)。Can the new worker handle the matter?那位新工人能夠處理那件事情嗎?8976512341091087651234With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.(P3)有了這個(gè)特別的證據(jù),約翰斯諾就能肯定地宣布,這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶著病菌?？键c(diǎn)announce vt.宣布;通告【高考典句】(2015四川高考)As the vegetables started coming in,Dad threw himself into cooking.One day,armed with a basket of vegetables,he announced he was going to make stew.隨著蔬菜開(kāi)始收獲,爸爸致力于烹飪。一天,提著一籃子蔬菜,爸爸宣布他要去燉菜。91087651234考點(diǎn)延伸(1)announce后可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如:They announced that she would give one extra