2016年四級(jí)閱讀理解模擬題

1、WORD格式I m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people areeither happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50years ago. While any of these statements might be true,they are practicallyimpossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by

2、 a report which concluded thattoday s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact,the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxietytoday than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.Why are America s kids so stressed

3、? The report cites two main causes:increasing physical isolation brought on by high divorce rates and lessinvolvement in community, among other things and a growing perception thatthe world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to helpthe next

4、generation cope.At the top of the list is nurturing (培育 ) a better appreciation of the limits ofindividualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps buildcommunities and protect individuals against stress.To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plugon T

5、Vs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more timefor face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.Limit the amount of virtual (虛擬的 ) violence your children are exposed to.It s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on thelocal n

6、ews.專業(yè)資料整理Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highlysuccessful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with yourown anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety isunavoidable. But it doesn t ha

7、ve to ruin your life.21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoplestate of mind are _.A) surprising B) confusing C) illogicalD) questionables22. What does the author mean when he says,“ we can t turn the clockback ” (Line 1, Para. 3)?A) It s impossible to slow down the pace

8、 of change.B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D) It s impossible to forget the past.23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _.A) were less isolat

9、ed physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxiety24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _.A) to provide them with a safer environmentB) to lower their expectations for themC) to get them more involved sociallyD) to set

10、a good model for them to follow25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B) Children s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C) Children s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help childr

11、en become mature.參考答案：DBCCAThe process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others)into cold, objective terms. "She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore acolored skirt. " More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (強(qiáng)調(diào))his or her attitud

12、es, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters.Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job veryquickly perhaps with a two-second glance.ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others;who are known to you so you can compare t

13、he observed person's behavior withthe known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavioris relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are calledfor, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe theperso

14、n's responses to specific stimuli (刺激因素 ) , asking people who have had orhave frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using variousstrategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person question, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a

15、never-ending task, largely because people areconstantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are oftenimprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very littleabout him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, itenables us to deal

16、 more easily with those things that get in the way of accurateknowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being toosurprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those thingsthat keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions)m

17、ay be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as thosethings that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g.disclosures and truthful statement).21. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested inA. what he wears B. how

18、tall he isC. how happy he is D. what color he dyes his hair22. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_.A. some people are more emotional than othersB. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely knowanother personC

19、. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people'sattitudesD. some people choose to keep to themselves23. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_.A. we don't accept the idea that we might never fully know another person B. w

20、e often get information in a casual and inexact wayC. we pay more attention to other people's motivations and emotions ? 62 ? D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him24. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things areA. disclosures B. deceptions C. st

21、imuli D. interactions25. This passage mainly concerns_.A. the relationship between people B. the perception of other peopleC. secrets and deceptions of people D. people's attitudes and characters參考答案：21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. BAs the 11 of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art

22、 of relaxation.Once you are in habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning tillnight, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind andbody.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. Infact, it is not the bad thing it is often

23、 12 to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 toprovide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out ofcontrol that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health.The amount of stress a person can 15 depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress, and such

24、characters are 16 prime material formanagerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties.When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically.In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days

25、 thechoices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today areunlikely to be so 18 , but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It iswhen such a reaction lasts long, through continued 19 to stress, that healthbecomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high

26、 blood pressure and heartdisease have established links with stress. Since we cannot 20 stress from ourlives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could) , we need to find ways to dealwith it.A. cancel B. pace C. extreme D. automaticallyE. remove F. vital G. performance H. supposedI. rate J. exposu

27、re K. achievement L. unusualM obviously N withstand O harsh參考答案：11. B 12. H 13. F 14. G 15. N 16. M 17. L 18. C 19. J 20. EIn the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. Buttoday opponents (反對者) have so complicated its development that no nuclearplants have been ordered or b

28、uilt here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor"meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. publichealth are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers aretesting new reactors that rely not on hu

29、man judgment to shut them down but onthe laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactorsin Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change inWashington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any timeduring, or even a

30、fter, construction, an objection by any group or individual canbring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court.Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some ofwhich force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant hasb

31、een opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted alicense to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utilityends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island.Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Mills

32、tone plant in Connecticut, both ordered inthe mid-60's. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricityfor two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who,by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its usefor m

33、any years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has neverproduced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham startup, used his power to force New York's public-utilities commission to accept thefollowing settlement: the power company could pass the cost of

34、Shoreham alongto its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. I'oday, a perfectly goodfacility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.21.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is_.A. negative B. neutralC. positive D. questioning

35、22.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a baddream?A. The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.23.It can

36、be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.A. there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running newnuclear power plantsB. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear powerplants in the U. S.C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D. the

37、 American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to beinstalled in the U. S.24. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supply C. permit the

38、 Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions D. help the power company to solve its financial problems25. The phrase "single out" is closest in meaning to_.A. delay B. end upC. complete D. separate參考答案：21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. DWater problems in the future will become more intens

39、e and more complex.Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarilysewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decreasesubstantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expandingindustries which involve more and more complex chemica

40、l processes will producelarge volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which arepoisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to beintensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agriculture chemicals.From this, it is apparent that

41、drastic steps must be taken immediately to developcorrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lessened. Thefirst relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. Thisinvolves the processing of solid wastes "prior

42、to" disposal and the treatment ofliquid wastes, or effluents (廢料 ) , to permit the reuse of the water or best reducepollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of thewastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient (養(yǎng)料) or organic supplem

43、ent.Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigationand for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also beused as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultryprocessing plants, are currently converting former w

44、aste production intomarketable byproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for theirwaste products.26. The purpose of this passage is_.A. to warn the reader of the dwindling water supplyB. to explain industrial uses of waterC. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problemsD. to d

45、emonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem外語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)ich of the following points is not included in the passage?A. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemicalprocesses.B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.C. Demands for water will go up along with the

46、 expanding population.D. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.The reader can conclude that_.A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problemsB. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplaceC. science is making great progress on increasing wat

47、erD. some industries are now making economic use of wastesThe author gives substance to the passage through the use of_.A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controlsB. opinion and personal observationsC. definitions which clarify important termsD. strong argument and persuasionsThe w

48、ords "prior to" (Para. 2) probably mean_.A. after B. duringC. before D. beyond參考答案：26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. CThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interestedinspelling .No school I have taught in has ever _ spelling or considered itunimportantas a basic skil

49、l. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how toteach it , or howmuch _ it must be given over general language developmentand writing ability. Theproblem is , how to encourage a child to express himselffreely and _ in writing without holding him back with the complexities ofspelling?If sp

50、elling become the only focal point of his teacher s interest, clearly a_4_child will be likely to“ play safe ” . He will tend to write only words within hisspelling range,choosing to avoid _5_ language. That s why teachers often _6_the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather tha

51、n technicalability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writingabouta personal experience：“This work is _7_ !There are far too many spellingerrors andyour writing is illegible(難以辨認(rèn)的).” It may have been a sharp_8_ ofthe pupil stechnical abilities in writing, but it was als

52、o a sad reflection on theteacher who had omittedto read the essay, which _9_ some beautiful expressionsof the child s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to theerrors, but if his priorities had centredon the child s ideas, an expression of hisdisappointment with the presentation would hav