動(dòng)詞不定式用法及練習(xí)題-L105

1、動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為 “to 動(dòng)詞原形 ”，其中 to 不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞 不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成 不定式短語(yǔ)，在句子中可以用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。一. 作主語(yǔ) 例如：To be a doctor is hard. 做醫(yī)生很難。To lear n En glish well is not eas y 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“ it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子

2、可以表示為：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：It s important to plant trees in spring.如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前面加一個(gè)由介詞for 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：It os ogd for us to read English aloud in the morning.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)每天早晨大聲讀英語(yǔ)是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)

3、每天使用英語(yǔ)是很重要的。二. 作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)常用于系詞be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a car.他的工作是開(kāi)車(chē)。My job is to feed an imals 我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。Her ambitio n is to be a doctor 她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。三 . 作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式 （短語(yǔ)） 可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語(yǔ)，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：begin,start, want,forget, remember, show, lear n, like, hate, love, as 等。例:I want to tell you

4、a story.我想給你講個(gè)故事。They beg in to work at eight every morni ng 他們每天早晨 8 點(diǎn)開(kāi)始工作。Don t forget to lock the doo 別忘了鎖門(mén)。Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明 天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？*如果 and 連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式一般省“ to 例：（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us 他想和我們一起去游泳。（ 2）若作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）很長(zhǎng)，可用 it 作形式

5、賓語(yǔ)。I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我覺(jué)得和你一起學(xué)英語(yǔ)很有趣。He fou nd it hard to catch up with others 他 覺(jué)得趕上別人很困難。四 . 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老師讓我們?cè)绯孔x半小時(shí)英語(yǔ)。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老師常告訴

6、 Jim 不要花太多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。Please let me help you 讓我來(lái)幫助你。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 表示賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作， 可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell, ask, want,like, invite, encourage, help 等。但在 let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, hav 等感官聽(tīng)覺(jué)動(dòng) 詞或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“ tq 旬以歸納為以下三種句式：1. 不可以省 to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：tell /ask / want / would like / w

7、ish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I wa nt you to go now.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Her pare nts wish her to be a teach 哋父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。2. 省“ to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now.讓那個(gè)男孩出去。The boy made the baby cry 男 孩弄哭了這個(gè)小孩。see /

8、 watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)學(xué)生們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)打籃球。I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3. 可省可不省的：help sb. （to）do sth.I often help my mother （to）do housework. 我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。* 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not. 例：（1） Tell them

9、 not to play football in the street.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（2） 省 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not. 例：Let the boy n ot g o 讓那個(gè)男孩別走。（3） 如果將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式則不省“ to”即原來(lái)省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy 那個(gè)孩子被男孩弄哭了。五 . 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語(yǔ)。Wh

10、o was the first o ne to arrive?誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到的？She has no paper to write on 她沒(méi)有紙寫(xiě)字？The best way to learn English is to use it.學(xué)英語(yǔ)最好的方法是使用它。When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么時(shí)候是種植蔬菜的最好時(shí)間？Do you have something to drink? 你這有喝的嗎？*動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后應(yīng)加上一個(gè)含義上所需要的介詞。例：I h

11、ave no chair to sit on 我沒(méi)有椅子坐。He has no house to live in 他 沒(méi)有房子住。六 .不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用，可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表語(yǔ)）No one knows how to do it.沒(méi)有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）I really don t know which one to choose）我真的不知道選哪一個(gè)。* 不定式和疑問(wèn)詞連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)可以改為賓語(yǔ)從句。例：I don t know whto do next 我不知下一步該做什么？I do

12、n t know what I should do next.課堂練習(xí)題一. 選擇填空：1. He asked me _ here earlier.A. come B. to comeC. comingD. came2. Please tell him _ on the wall.A. don t draw B. to not draw C. not to drawD. not draw3. He wanted _ a cup of tea.A. to haveB. having C. have D. had4. I d like _ a word with you.A. hadB. havi

13、ng C. to haveD. have5. I came here _ my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen6. The man refused （拒絕） _ back his words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takes7. I can let you _ o n e ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had8. We often heard him _ in his room.A. to singB. sings C. sang D. sing9. He

14、 was made _ day and night.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked10. He stopped _ a look, but saw nothing.A. havingB. to haveC. have D. had11. My father was too angry _ a word.A. to sayB. not to say C. to saying12. My brother was old enough _ to school.A. wentB. goesC. goingD. to go13. It is time _

15、him _ supper.A. of, to haveB. for, to haveC. of, havingD. for, to has14. It s very kind _ you _ me.A. of, to helpB. for, to helpC. of, helpD. of, helping15. It s important _ our classroom clean every day.A. keptB. to keep C. to giveD. keep17. He said he had an important meeting _ .A. attend B. would

16、 attend C. attendingD. to attend18. Please give me a piece of paper _ .A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it19. I don t know _.A. what doB. what will doC. what to doD. do what20. Your radio needs _.A. to be repairedB. to repairC. repairedD. to repairing21. My wish is _ _ a teacher.A.

17、becomingB. to becomeC. becomeD. became22. I want _ him a letter now.A. to writeB. not writeC. writeD. wrote23. It took us three days _ the trees.A. plant B.plantedC. to plantD. plants24. Why not _ _ here _ _ me?A. to come, to see B. come, to seeC. came, seeing D. come, see25. He wishes me _ my best

18、_ hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D. do, work26. Please tell me _ her. I have something _ her.A. where to find, tellingB. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling27. How happy they are _ each other again!A. to see B. seeC. saw D

19、. being seen28. They decided （決心） _ a letter _ their thanks.A. to write, expressing （表達(dá)）B. writing, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to express29. The officer ordered （命令） him _down _ a rest.D. didn t say16. Before liberation解放） they had no chanceto school.A. went B. goC. to goD. to be goneA.

20、lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had30. The headmaster called on （號(hào)召）us_hard for our country.A. to workB. workedC. work D. to working. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。1. He was so angry that he couldn t say anything.He was too angry _ _ a n yt h i n g .2. I don t know when we will

21、 have the meeting.I don t know when _ _ the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _ .4. That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone.（石頭）He was strong _ _ _ the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father