2019-2020年高考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納與練習(xí)

1、2019-2020 年高考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納與練習(xí)A: can / could = be able to1 表示能力兩種時(shí)態(tài) can （could），其他時(shí)態(tài)要用 be able to 的形式He can speak French.Was/were able to 可以表示成功做成某事的含義 * managed to do / succeeded in doingWith our help, he was able to build the house.2 表示請(qǐng)求或許可 Could 比 Can 更加客氣* mayCan I go now? Yes, you can.3 表示推測(cè)或可能性，常

2、用于否定句和疑問句Can he be at school?Today is Sun day. He cant be at school.Can touldn Can ? Could? have doneThere is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed?She can have gone to school it S unday.Could have done 可用在肯定句中表示過去存在的可能性* may have doneShe could have gone out with some friends yesterday.Coul

3、d have done 可以表示虛擬語氣某事可能發(fā)生（并沒有發(fā)生）It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody.批評(píng)某人沒有完成某事（本可以做某事）You are late again. You could have got up earlier.4 can 表示客觀上的可能性*Anybody can make mistakes.B: may and might1 表示請(qǐng)求和允許 類似用法 can could（更加口語化）May I watch TV now? Yes, you may.2

4、表示可能性；猜測(cè) might 比 may 更加不確定 may/might have done 對(duì)過去的揣測(cè)*He may be busy these days.May not 可能不；不可能；一定不可3 表示祝愿 Wish you success!May you succeed!*C: must and have to1 表示必須；一定要 可以用 have to 代替must 現(xiàn)在；將來的必須 而且是主觀看法 *have to 有多種時(shí)態(tài) 而且強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀情況I really must stop smoking now.I had to leave early because I wasn fte

5、eling well.Must I e here?Yes, you must. No, you needn tn.eedn /t don ht ave to must not 一定不能做某事 nt2 must 表示推測(cè) 意思非常肯定 “一定是 ”一“定會(huì) ”It must be raining outside.Must have done 對(duì)過去 /完成的推測(cè) * must have done, didn /t hasntMust be doing 推測(cè)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行He must have gone over the article, hasn hte?It must have rained

6、last night, didn it?D: need and dare過去時(shí)dared情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別A 人稱變化 B do / to do C 直接否定 / 間接否定 can workNeed /dare 肯定句中，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞She needs to do it. I dare to do it. 使用在否定句 ,疑問句中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。I dare not do it. I don dtare (to) do it.I need not do it. I don nteed to do it.1 need 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 無時(shí)態(tài)；人稱的變化 多用于疑問句和否定句You needn

7、ttry to explain. Needn t= don ht ave tomustNeedn thave done sth 過去本不必做某事 * 虛擬語氣2 need 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 有時(shí)態(tài)；人稱的變化 后接 to do You need to tell us the truth.The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired.3 dare 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 過去時(shí) dared 無人稱的變化 多用在疑問句和否定句Dare he tell them what he knows?4 dare 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 有時(shí)態(tài)；人稱的變化后接 to do用于疑問句和

8、否定句時(shí) 其后的 to 有時(shí)可省略Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?E: will and would1 表示征求對(duì)方 ( 第二人稱 )意見或詢問對(duì)方意愿 would 比 will 更客氣委婉Will you have some more wine?Would you mind my smoking here?2 will 表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向 would 表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或某種傾向Fish will die out of water.When I was young, I would play badminton on Sundays.Wo

9、uld 與 used to 的區(qū)別 *Would 只能用來表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作而不能表示狀態(tài)Used to 既可表示動(dòng)作也可表示狀態(tài) , 強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在不如此He used to be a university student.3 will 表示意愿 決心I will never do that again.F: shall, should and ought to1 shall 在問句中表示征求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求 用于第一，三人稱What shall we do now?2 shall 肯定句中 表示說話人強(qiáng)烈的感情 允許，命令，禁止和威脅或表示按規(guī)定，規(guī)章和義務(wù)等用于第二，三人稱If you dare t

10、o do that, you shall be punished.These rules shall be obeyed.Shall not 禁止，不許3 shall 決心，意愿 = willI shall e if I want to.4 should 表示勸告，建議 = ought to 應(yīng)該You should wash your hands first.Should 主要表示主觀看法 *Ought to 客觀情況 法律、規(guī)定、義務(wù)的使用Should have done / ought to have done sth 虛擬語氣 *Shouldn htave done / ought n

11、ot to have done sthYou should have done it today.5 should 推測(cè) 推論 可能性 = ought to * 估計(jì)They should/ ought to be there by now.6 should 說話人的感情。如驚奇、憤怒、失望等、“竟然 ” 否定句疑問句You can itmagine that well -behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady Why should he do such athing?推測(cè) 肯定性 可能性 由強(qiáng)到弱must / shall* / ought

12、to / should / would* / could* / may / might /can 理論上的可能 / can? Could? / canctouldntmust 用于表示 必定 ，必會(huì) ：All mankind must die. (表示必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事 )所有的人一定會(huì)死的。shall 用于表示 必定 ：I shall be rich one day. (shall be )總有一天我發(fā)達(dá)的。ought to / should 用于表示 想必會(huì) （語氣較 must 弱 ）：They should / ought to be there by now. 他們想必已到那兒了。will

13、 和 would 用于表示 預(yù)測(cè) 或習(xí)慣性 ：I think he will be all right now. （will be 表示一定會(huì) ） 我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。Could 表推測(cè)No, but the shop could be in the east of the city.may 和 might 用于表示 事實(shí)上的可能性 或預(yù)測(cè) ：It may snow later this afternoon. （ 表示預(yù)測(cè) ） 今天下午可能會(huì)下雪。You might be right. （ 表示有可能 ）你可能是對(duì)的。Can 理論上的可能Anybody can make mistakes. （

14、 只表示理論上的可能性 ） 任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)誤。Can? Could? / can Couldn 疑問否定He cant be at home. （ 否定句 ）他不可能在家。Can the news be true ? （將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can 置于主語 the news 前就成疑問句 ） 這消息可能是真的嗎 ?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be doing情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done must / could / may / might / Can; could? have done / can ;t couldn htave done請(qǐng)求和允許Can could I; he /may might I; he /

15、will would you / shall should ought to I; he? / Must I?不同類型語氣分析Can I go with you ? （ 請(qǐng)求 ）我能跟你一起走嗎？Could I ask you something ? （ 請(qǐng)求 ,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn) ）我可以問你一件事嗎？May I make a suggestion ? 我可以提個(gè)建議嗎？Might I take a look of your work ? 我看看您的大作行嗎？Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ? （ 表示客氣

16、請(qǐng)求 ） 請(qǐng)問到郵局怎么走？Would you give me your address ? （用 would 比 will 表示更客氣 ）請(qǐng)你告訴我你的地址，好嗎？Shall we talk? 我們談?wù)労脝?？What should we do next ? （ 用 should 比 shall 表示更客氣 ）下一步我們?cè)撛趺醋?？Shall he e to see you ? （用于第三人稱疑問句 ）要不要他來看你？Must I finish the work right now?Must I pay now ? （用于疑問句 ） （ 如回答不必時(shí)，需用 neednt 或 dont have

17、to）我現(xiàn)在就得付款嗎？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：表示 “應(yīng)該 ”、“必須 ”命令和建議（ Must, have to , Shall, ought to, Should, May*, Might*, ）Must 用于表示 “必須 ”、“務(wù)必 ”：You must keep the place clean. （務(wù)必 ） 你務(wù)必保持地方干凈。Shall 和 Should 用于表示 “必須 ”：Each member shall wear a name card. （ 表示規(guī)定 ） 每一個(gè)會(huì)員必須配帶名卡。I should answer his letter as soon as possible. （ 表

18、示應(yīng)該 ） 我應(yīng)該盡快給他回信。The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. （shall 用于規(guī)章等，表示義務(wù)和規(guī)定 ） 新規(guī)則于一月一日起生效。Ought to 用于表示 “應(yīng)該 ”強(qiáng)（調(diào)客觀上 ）： （大多情況可用 should 代替 ）You ought to go to see the doctor. （ought to 的語氣比 must 弱 ） 你應(yīng)該去看看醫(yī)生。You oughtnt （ought not） to smoke so much. （oughtnt 用于否定句 ） 你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。May 和 Might 用于表示 “應(yīng)該 （多

19、用于法律等條文，一般上多用shall ）:Payment may be paid by check. （ 表示規(guī)定 ） 應(yīng)以支票付款。You might ask before you use my puter. （might 表示應(yīng)該 ）你應(yīng)該先問過再使用我的電腦。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：表示“意圖”、“打算” “意愿” “決心(will, would* shall, should*)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成式對(duì)過去或完成的猜測(cè) must / may /might / could / can t/ couldn t/can?/could?have done 虛擬語氣could have done 本來可以；有可

20、能needn htave done 本沒必要做某事should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該做某事shouldn / toughtn to have done 本不應(yīng)該做某事情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)(1)1.May I stop my car here? No, you_ .A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. dont have to2. Must we clean the house now? No, you _.A. neednt B. may not C. mustnt D. cant3. John his father about his failur

21、e in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tell D. dares not to tell4. You return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not5. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself.A. wont.cant B. mustnt.may C. shouldnt, must D. cant.

22、shouldnt6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to7. Would you go out for a walk with me?No, I . My girl friend is ing.A. wouldnt B. shall not C. wont D. shouldnt8. Man die without water. A. will B. can C. need D. shall9. If he s

23、tarted at 9 0clock, he be there by now.A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_it.A. must receive B. cant receive C. might receive D. must have received11. The professor gave orders that the experiment before 5:30p.m.A. be finished B. will finishC. must be fini

24、shed D. would be finished12. There was plenty of time. You_.A. mustnt hurry B. mustnt have hurried C. neednt hurry D. neednt have hurried13. Tom was a diligent boy. He go to school though it was raining hard.was able to B. could C. couldnt D. wasnt able to14._I go back before lunch? No, I dont think

25、 you_ .A. Need.must B. Do.need to C. Must.have to D. May . ought to15. The teacher do all the exercises, but a pupil_ .A. neednt.must B. may not.must C. neednt.neednt D. cant.must16. Would you open the window please ? Yes, I_ .A. will B. would C. do D. can17. A lion only attacks a human being when i

26、t is hungry. A. should B. can C. will D. shall18._Must I finish this novel this morning ?_ No, you_ .A. mustnt B. might not C. dont have to D. cant19. The taxi _ only hold six passengers. It is full. You take the next one.A. may.may B. can.may C. may.can D. must.can20. I a little earlier, but I met

27、a friend of mine on the way.A. may e B. may have e C. could have e D. must have e21. I wish to go home now, I? A. may B. cant C. must D. do22. He must have finished his homework, he? A. mustnt B. didnt C. neednt D. hasnt23. This pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose it be? A. must B. can C. may D.

28、 might24. He didnt do well in the exam. He hard at his lessons.A. must have worked B. ought to have worked C. would have worked D. has worked25. I wonder how he that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say26. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they wa

29、it here or outside?A. Should B. Will C. Shall D. Are27. You the trees. Look, it is raining now.A. mustnt have watered B. neednt have watered C. could have watered D. might have watered28. I give you an answer tomorrow. I promise!A. must B. will C. may D. shall29. As a soldier, you do as the head tel

30、ls you. A. will B. shall C. may D. ought30. The streets are all dry. It_ during the night.A. cant have rained B. must have rained C. couldnt rain D. shouldnt have rained31. When _ he leave the hospital? I asked the doctor.A. will B. shall C. can D. may32. They have not finish the work up to now.Well

31、, theyA. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have33. Since it is already midnight, we_ .A. had better leaving B. ought to have leaveC. should take our leave D. might as well leave34. you be happy!A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would35. Must we e tomorrow?A. No, you cant B. No, you needntC. No, you

32、mustnt D. No, you may not36. You miss the lesson, though we have it on Thursday.A. mustnt.neednt B. neednt.mustntC. mustnt.mustnt D. neednt.neednt37. To succeed in a difficult task,_.A. one needs to work hard B. to work hard is neededC. you need be a hard working person D. to work hard is what one n

33、eeds38. In case I_ , I would try again.A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall miss39. Some people feel that handguns_.A. should control B. should be controlledC. must be controlling D. can be control40._ open the door for you ?A. Would you like that I B. Do you want that IC. Will I D. Sh

34、all I41. My son _ the examination, but he wasnt careful enough.A. might be able to pass B. must have passedC. could have passed D. were able to pass42. Isnt it strange that the lazy boy pass the exam?A. should B. has C. might D. would43. We the work so early without your help.A. couldnt finish B. ca

35、nt finishC. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished44. We the manager, but no one _ his telephone number.A. could have called, knew B. could have called, had knownC. could call, had known D. could call, knew45. Would you e and join them?I wish I . But I am busy at this moment.A. cant B. couldnt

36、C. could D. can46. If Alice this afternoon, the meeting should be put off.A. would not e B. might not eC. should not e D. could not e47. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B.shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken48. W

37、ith so much work on hand, you to see the game last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt goC. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone49. I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. could D. must50. There was plenty of time. She_.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldn

38、t have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried51. Its still early, you_.A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurryC. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry52. Please open the window,_?A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you53. We for her because she never came.A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt hav

39、e waitedC. mustnt wait D. neednt wait54. May I stop here?No, you _ .A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont55. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give56. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting.A. m

40、ustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC: neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken57. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you_ .A. might B. will C. can D. should58. Please dont make a noise. -Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will59. The yo

41、ung man has made so much noise that he not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. could B. must C. would D. should60. One ought for what one has done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished61. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must alw

42、ays so much.A. not, be smoking B. not, have smokedC. not, to smoke D. be not, smoking62. Where is Mary?She isnt here. I think she_.A. may have gone home B. must have gone homeC. might have gone home D. All the above63. I think Helen is at home.No, she be at home, for she phoned me from the airport j

43、ust five minutes ago.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. dared not64. She is already two hours late. What to her?A. can have happened B. may have happenedC. should have happened D. must happen65. “ he be watching TV now?”Yes, he be watching TV now?No, he be watching TV now.A. Must, can, mustnt B. Can ,mu

44、st, cantC. Can, can, mustnt D. May, must, neednt66. You must be a writer, _?A. mustnt you B. are you C. must you D. arent you67. You must have seen him last night, ?A. havent you B. didnt you C. dont you D. must you68. I got up early this morning, but I _ so because I had no work to do.A. mustnt hav

45、e done B. didnt need to doC. neednt have done D. cant have done69. Lets say that you could go there again, how feel?A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you70. I darent tell you what he did for fear that he angry with.A. will be B. is C. was D. should be71. Without the leadership of the Part

46、y, there no New China.A. would be B. has been C. was D. should be72. It is necessary that we a foreign language.A. must master B. ought to master C. master D. should master73. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _betterorganized.A. had been B. had to

47、be C. must have been D. could have been74. I am surprised that he to help me when I needed it most.A. should refuse B. would have refused C. should have refused to D. may have refused75. Look! Tom is too sleepy to work .He _ up watching TV.A. mustnt have stayed B. shouldnt have stayed C. mustnt stay

48、 D. ought not to say. 練習(xí)題答案110BACCBDCADD1120ADACAACCBC 2130ADBBDCBBBA3140BADABAACBD4150CACAC CDDBD5160DDBAADCBDA6170ADCABDBCCB7175ADDCB情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)(2)1) You_ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) neednt have washedB) shouldnt have washedC) must not have washedD) can not h

49、ave washed2) Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; he_ last night.A) should study B) should have studied C) must have studiedD) must have tostudy3) The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) cant have been B) shouldnt have beenC) mustnt have been D) wouldnt havebe

50、en4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America onrafts.A) must have sailedB) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She _ in her classroom.A) should have beenB) must have beenC) must be D) should be6

51、) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didnt. He _ his mind.A) cant have changedB) wouldnt have changedC) must have changedD) shouldnt have changed7) You_ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) neednt goB) had better not goC) should not goD) neednt have gone8) We_ th

52、e letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A) must receiveB) ought to receiveC) must have receivedD) ought to havereceived9) With all the work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night.A) mustnt goB) shouldnt have gone C) could not goD) couldnt have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She _ earlier.A) sh

53、ould get upB) must get upC) need to get upD) should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I_ so much chocolate.A) neednt have eatenB) couldnt have eatenC) mustnt have eatenD) shouldnt have eaten12) I didnt send out my application form last week, but I _.A) had B) would do C) should haveD) might have to1

54、3) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he_ Tom to gowith him.A) might have askedB) should askedC) must have askedD) should haveasked14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I_ there earlier.A) ought to getB) ought to have gotC) must have gotD) must g

55、et15) The road was muddy. It_ last night.A) must rainedB) must have rainedC) must be rainedD) could have rained16) She can speak quite fluent English. She_ .A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD) May be i

56、n the U.S.A. for some time17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he_ .A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to18) “ We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“ He _it. ”A) mustnt visitB) cant have visitedC) should have gone to see D) may see19) Mary _my letter, o

57、therwise she would have replied before now.A) should have receivedB) has receivedC) Couldnt have receivedD) ought to have received20) I _ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to giveB) liked to giveC) have liked to giveD) would like to give21) “ Wher

58、e _ my umbrella? ”“ Somebody _ it away by mistake.”A) is, must have taken B) is, must takeC) have been, must takeD) is, takes22) What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you supposeB) you supposeC) do you supposeD) you would suppose23) Two eyes _ see more than one.A) can B)

59、 may C) willD) should24)_ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A) WouldB) WillC) May D) Should25) We ought to help each other in our work, _ ?A) oughtnt weB) should weC) shouldnt we D) ought to we26) Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall knowB) shouldnt knowC)

60、 has knownD) should have known27) You _ your tooth pulled out before it rot pletely.A) had better gotB) had to get betterC) had better to get D) had better get28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we _ .A) neednt hurry B) didnt need hurry C) neednt to hurry D) neednt have hur