人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修五Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、必修 5 Unitl Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1. explain及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)解釋;說(shuō)明；闡明(+to)+wh-+(that)He explained that he had been cheated.他解釋說(shuō)他是上當(dāng)受騙了。Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解釋一下這機(jī)器是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的嗎？Please explain this rule to me.請(qǐng)給我講解一下這條規(guī)則。不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)解釋?zhuān)徽f(shuō)明;辯解I've got to explain about it.我得解釋一下此事。2

2、. characteristicn. 特征； 特性 Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 獨(dú)特的 I heard my friend ' s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin.如此遲鈍是他的特性。3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward提出(建議等)；提名；提前，把時(shí)鐘往前撥He put forward a

3、new plan. 他提出一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你當(dāng)委員會(huì)主席？歸納拓展put down 記下；鎮(zhèn)壓put out關(guān)掉；熄滅put aside放在一邊；儲(chǔ)存；保留put off推遲；延期put up建造；舉起；張貼put on穿上put away 收好選詞填空(put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out ) The plan that you at the meeting is wonderful. Man

4、y tall buildings were along the road. Firefighters have been called to the fire in the city center. He has a little money to for a rainy day. Don' t until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1 . Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchh

5、ow to prove a new idea為"疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)We haven ; decided where to go.我們還沒(méi)有決定去哪里。The question is when to leave. 問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身。2 .draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論1) conclusion作名詞，意為 結(jié)束，結(jié)論" come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 in conclusion 最后I will in conclusion say a few words about my

6、visit to Tokyo. 最后，我對(duì)我的東京之行說(shuō)幾句。2) conclude作動(dòng)詞，結(jié)束；斷定；決定 to conclude (作插入語(yǔ))最后，作為總結(jié)(=to sum up)To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us.3) John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.約翰 斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，以至于成了

7、照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。expert n. 專(zhuān)家， 能手 an expert in psychology (心理學(xué))an agricultural expertadj.熟練的，有專(zhuān)門(mén)技術(shù)的an expert job需專(zhuān)知識(shí)的工作 He is expert in / at cooking. attend vt. &vi參加，注意，照料 be present at 參力口 attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve 伺候,照顧，看護(hù)The queen had

8、 a good doctor attending (on ) her.Dr Smith attended her in hospital.Mother had to attend to her sick son.attend to處理，注意傾聽(tīng)Can you attend to the matter immediately?I may be late T have got one or two things to attend to.4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed t

9、o cholera. 但 當(dāng)他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通人時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。(1) exposed to cholera在句中是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。意為 患霍亂的“。如： The book written by Luxun is very popular.魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū)是很受歡迎的。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 昨天我們看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人是史密斯教授。(2) expose暴露 expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun.他把皮膚暴露在陽(yáng)光下。揭露He expos

10、ed their plot.他揭穿了他們的陰謀。The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.對(duì)貪官污吏的罪行定要毫無(wú)保留地予以揭發(fā)。exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于風(fēng)雨中的，無(wú)掩蔽的exposedness n.暴露，顯露expose sth. to the light of day 把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿騙局練習(xí)： The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that

11、night.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded5.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.對(duì)于它的起因和治療方法人們都不清楚。neither.nor.既不也不，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不關(guān)心他出了什么事。 Neither France nor Britain will attend the meeting next week. 法國(guó)和英國(guó)都將不會(huì)參

12、加下 星期的會(huì)議。 Neither Jim nor his parents have seen the film.=Neither his parents nor Jim has seen the film.吉姆和她的父母都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影。cure vt.治療，治愈，改正n.治療，治愈,治療法cure sb (of sth)治好了某人(的.,.)The only way to cure backache is to rest.治療背痛的唯一辦法是休息。When I left the hospital I was completely cured.That nasty shock cured

13、him of his inquisitiveness for ever.那沉重教訓(xùn)根除了 他凡事愛(ài)打聽(tīng)的毛病。This illness cannot be cured easily.這種病不好治 .a cure for sth.治療的方法；解決問(wèn)題，改善困境Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌癥迄今有無(wú)有效的治療方法？The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for rising prices.6.So many thousands of terrified people die

14、d every time there was an outbreak.人們既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治療。每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬(wàn)驚恐的人病死。(1)本句為復(fù)合句,"So many thousands of terrified people died 為主句,every time 弓 I導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是每當(dāng)”。(2)有些名詞短語(yǔ)或副詞可以起連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如： every time, each time, the last time , next time , the moment, the minute , immediately , instantly

15、等。Every time/Each time I express an opinion , she argues back每當(dāng)我發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，她總是 反駁。 I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到這里就感到耳目一新。The last time I saw him , he was quite well.我最后一次看到他時(shí)，他還相當(dāng)健康。Give your father my best regards next time you see him. 下次你

16、見(jiàn)至U你父親時(shí)，請(qǐng)代我向 他致以最好的問(wèn)候。拓展延伸(1)for the first time 是介詞短語(yǔ)，常用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而 the first time是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)從句。(2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is,從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果前面用 was,則從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí).(3)It's (high) time that.從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或should +動(dòng)詞原形。It' s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollution. 該至U我們立即采取措施阻止污 染的時(shí)候了

17、。7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖，像一股危險(xiǎn)氣體在空中到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggest v. 建議； 暗示； 表明 suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.May suggested a picnic at the weekend.He suggested to us a vi

18、sit to the Great Wall.He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.I suggested leaving early for the airport.He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.She suggested that her father (should) give up smoking.*suggest (暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.The look

19、 on his face suggested that he was happy.8.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二 種看法是人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。absorb vt.(1)專(zhuān)注，聚精會(huì)神be absorbed in= put one's heart into 集中精力做某事I was absorbed in a book and didn ' t hear your call. 我正專(zhuān)心看書(shū)， 沒(méi)聽(tīng)至U你的電

20、話(huà)。Absorbed in his work , Tom simply forgot food and sleep. 湯姆專(zhuān)心工作, 幾乎忘t己了吃飯和睡 覺(jué)。(2)吸收，把 吸收入(o.)Black cloth absorbs light.玉布吸收兒：心The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 這家大 公司逐漸將這些小公司吞并了。The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher co

21、uld give him.那個(gè)聰明的男孩把他老師 所能教他的所有知識(shí)都理解了。9 .John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.約翰 斯諾推測(cè) 第二種說(shuō)法是正確的，但需要有證據(jù)。suspect vt.認(rèn)為，懷疑常用短語(yǔ)：suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.They suspect him to be the murderer.(他1懷疑他是兇手 )She suspected him of taking her money.n.嫌疑犯；

22、可疑分子C10 .,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.severe adj.嚴(yán)厲地；苛刻的；嚴(yán)格的be severe with/on .嚴(yán)格 /嚴(yán)厲 You are too severe on the boy.劇痛的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)重的 a severe attack of toothache牙痛的劇烈發(fā)作 adv. severely11 .Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two str

23、eets. 接下來(lái)，約翰 斯諾 調(diào)查了這兩條街上的水源。look into骯卉,1速吊：干;匕副Hl與 one' s face/eyes等連用，表示 "注視"He looks into her face with great interest.,他置d J 興也心i * i 蛇 1,。和look汛域的二也口語(yǔ)look around/about 環(huán)顧四周look back回頭看look down upon輕視，瞧不起look forward to (doing) 盼望look on/upon.as 把看作look through 瀏覽look up to sb.尊敬/

24、仰慕某人look after 岳 Ml：look back on回回：回相l(xiāng)ook for寸求：4找look on :,；視look out軸,外大 江江：當(dāng)心look up抬頭看；查看12 . It seemed that the water was to blame.看來(lái)要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。blame v.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把歸咎于n.過(guò)失；責(zé)備；（過(guò)失、過(guò)錯(cuò)等）責(zé)任blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.為某事責(zé)備某人 /責(zé)備某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan.blame sth. on sb.

25、 / sth.把某事歸咎于某人；因某事而指責(zé)某人The police blamed the traffic accident on jack ' s careless driving.be to blame for(doing)sth .因(做)某事某人應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)；注意 :be to blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備 (主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident. accept / bear / take the blame for sth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任He is ready to take the blame f

26、or what had happened.put / lay the blame for sth. on sb.將某事歸咎于某人13.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在倫敦的另一地區(qū)，他從另外兩例與布洛德街疾病爆發(fā)有 關(guān)的死亡病例中得到了有力的證據(jù)。link vt.連接；聯(lián)系n.環(huán)；連接；聯(lián)系；紐帶14 .A woman, who had moved away from Broad

27、 Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.一個(gè)婦女，從布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜歡 水泵的水，她讓人每天從水泵給她家送水。15 . With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.利用這個(gè)額外證據(jù)，約翰斯諾就可以很有把握地宣布污染水?dāng)y帶病菌。announce vt.(1)宣布，宣

28、告(決定、計(jì)劃等)announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事announce that.宣布； 通知 Itis announced that.據(jù)宣布一Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow. 請(qǐng)通知你們班明天不上 學(xué)。It has been officially announced that he will pay a second visit to China soon. 據(jù)官方¥肖H、稱(chēng)， 他不久將再次來(lái)中國(guó)訪問(wèn)。(2)(事情)顯示；預(yù)告The bright f

29、lowers announced that spring was here.鮮艷的花朵顯示春天已經(jīng)來(lái)至U。拓展延伸 announcement n. 宣布；口頭通知announcer n.播音員make an announcement 下通知16 .To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggesed that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過(guò)檢測(cè)。prevent/stop.(from) doing sth. 或 ke

30、ep.from doing sth.意為 阻止做某事“What can we do to prevent the disease spreading.我們能做什么來(lái)防止這種疾病蔓延呢？ We should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further. 我們應(yīng)該采取措 施阻止這條河受到進(jìn)一步的污染。examine v.檢查；細(xì)查；診察；審問(wèn)；盤(pán)問(wèn)The doctor examined the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.The lawyer

31、 examined the witness.examination n. 考試； 檢查； 細(xì)查take an examination 參力口考試 medical examination 體檢under examination 在檢查中； 在審查中17. Finally " King Cholera " was defeated.霍亂王”終于被擊敗了。辨析win, beat 與 defeatwin贏得”賽事、戰(zhàn)事、某物；beat戰(zhàn)勝"擊敗”比賽中的對(duì)手，可與 defeat互換We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.The

32、y won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams.Part 3. Learning about Language1. take in收留；包括take相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：take after 相似take apart 把（小型機(jī)器、鐘表等）拆開(kāi)；拆散take away 拿走take back承認(rèn)說(shuō)錯(cuò)了（t）,收回（諾言，話(huà)語(yǔ)）；使回憶起；送回，還回去；退（貨）take off 脫下，脫去（尤指衣服）；解（拿

33、）掉-put on （反義詞）；（飛機(jī)等）升空，起飛take on雇用；開(kāi)始具有/呈現(xiàn)（某種品質(zhì)、面貌等）;露出；接受（工作等）；承擔(dān)（責(zé)任等）take out帶（某人）去（某處參加社交活動(dòng)等）；正式取得，領(lǐng)得，獲得；洗去（污跡），使褪色 take over 接手，接任;接管take up 開(kāi)始花時(shí)間從事（某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)）；對(duì)產(chǎn)生興趣；開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)（某課程），選修；（事物或 事件）占用了（時(shí)間或空間）；接受的建議；繼續(xù)take - for grantee想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為（會(huì)是某種情況工認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的；認(rèn)為沒(méi)有問(wèn)題take -for instance / example 以為例take into accoun

34、t / consideration考慮至U，把考慮進(jìn)去take pride in / be proud of 為感到自豪/ 驕傲take revenge on 向 .報(bào)復(fù)take one's place 代替某人take the opportunity 利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)take turns輪流（做某事）2. construction n.建設(shè)；建筑業(yè)；建造He works in construction industry. 他在建筑行業(yè)工作。There are two new hotels under construction. 有兩家新飯店正在興建。詞組擴(kuò)展：construction w

35、orkers 建筑工人under construction 正在建設(shè)中3. apart from有兩種含義：1）相當(dāng)于besides意為“除以外（還包括）”Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.除了母語(yǔ)外，我還會(huì)講好幾種外語(yǔ)。2）相當(dāng)于except.意為“除以外（不包括）”I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英語(yǔ)外，我喜歡所有學(xué)科。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1）語(yǔ)法功能過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的詞是分詞所表示的

36、行為的承受者；在邏輯上，它們是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack.The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.a.單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面the affected people受感染的人a

37、 broken heart 一顆破碎的心a lost dog喪家之犬a(chǎn) broken glass被打破的玻璃杯Attention :過(guò)去分詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody , those 等 不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left this town.b.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句。people exposed to cholera= people wh

38、o was exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last yearc.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)，只表完成。a risen sun已升起的太陽(yáng)the gone days逝去的時(shí)光fallen leaves 落葉2）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示

39、的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，（或者沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性）。The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?這是你老師推薦的書(shū)嗎？對(duì)比：the changing world （正在變化的）the changed world （變化了的）boiling water （正在沸騰的）boiled water （已經(jīng)沸騰過(guò)的）fading flowers（正在凋謝的） faded flowers （已經(jīng)凋謝的）a developing country（發(fā)展中的）a dev

40、eloped country （發(fā)達(dá)的）a drowning man 快要淹死的人a drowned man 已經(jīng)淹死的人falling leaves正在飄落的樹(shù)葉 fallen leaves落葉a retired worker 退休工人an escaped prisoner逃犯3）及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（done）與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式（being done）都可以表示 被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正 在進(jìn)行白動(dòng)作.the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)1過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其

41、作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說(shuō)明的是主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.He looked worried after reading the letter.常見(jiàn)作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有：disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited,experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,gone, dressed, lost 等。注思過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，

42、但兩者表達(dá)的意思明顯不同，前者說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。My glasses are broken我的眼鏡碎了。（狀態(tài)）My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。（動(dòng)作）1. The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recordedB. recording C. to be recordedD. having recorded2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufa

43、cturing and Mining Company,as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being known D. to be known3. Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited4. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers byher mother.A.buying B. bein

44、g bought C. were bought D. bought5. Don ' t use words, expressions or phrases only to people witspecific knowledge.A.being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known6. The computer center,last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. openingC. having opened D. o

45、pened7. Cleaning women in big cities get by the hour.A.pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay8. As we joined the big crowd I got from my friends.A.separated B. spared C. lost D. missed9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B. seating C. seated D. t

46、o be seating10. Sarah, hurry up. I ' m afraid you can ' t have time to before the party.A.get changedB. get change C. get changingD. get to changePart 4. Using Language1 .Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.雖然他曾經(jīng)試著不去理睬那些數(shù)據(jù)，然而他所有的

47、數(shù)字計(jì)算都得出了一個(gè)相同 的結(jié)論lead to導(dǎo)致，通向His carelessness led to the accident他的粗心導(dǎo)致了這場(chǎng)事故。All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。該短語(yǔ)中to為介詞。類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)還有：be used to stick to look forward to devote onesele to pay attentio to2 .Only if you put the sun there did the movementof the other plants in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng) 你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說(shuō)得清楚。1)句中only修飾if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，放在句首時(shí)，后面的主句要用倒裝。only位于句首，其后接副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主謂也要部分倒裝。Only then did I realize my mistake.只有到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我的錯(cuò)誤。Only in this way can you solve the problem.2 ) make sense講得通；有道理；有意義Here, read th