新課標人教版高中英語必修五知識點練習及答案

1、高中英語新課標必修五unit 1知識點Great scientists一、知識點1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that heips them float?哪位科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了水里的東西被幫助以浮動的力舉起?in water定語,修飾objects, a force之后又跟了個that引導的定語從句。lift up 拿起,舉起,升起He lift up his little son, and mounted him on the horse. 他把小兒子舉起來,讓他騎在馬背上。

2、To call back the boy from a distance, the father had to lift up his voice.為了把兒子從遠處叫回來,父親不得不提高嗓子喊。2. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? 誰用豌豆顯示了身體特征是如何從父母傳延到孩子的?A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water

3、. 駱駝的特點是不喝水也能活很長時間。with his characteristic enthusiasm 以他特有的熱忱The letter passed from one to another until everyone had read it. 那封信逐一傳閱,直到每個人都看過為止。According to her will, when the old lady dies, her money will pass to her grandson. 根據(jù)老太太的遺矚,她去世時,她的錢將遺留給她的孫子。3. Who put forward a theory about black hole

4、s? 誰提出了關(guān)于黑洞的理論?put forward提出建議,撥快(鐘等 .They put forward some new ideas on the subject.他們對這個問題提出了一些新的見解。put的常用詞組有:put aside節(jié)省(錢、時間;儲蓄;把放在一邊put away儲存(錢;放好put back撥慢;擱置put down放下;記下;擊敗;使(飛機著陸;put off延期;推遲put on上演;穿上;戴上put out熄滅;關(guān)掉;撲滅put through接通電話;完成put up with忍受;忍耐put into action/effect/practice實施;實行

5、4. What do you know about infectious diseases such as cholera?關(guān)于傳染病你了解什么,比如霍亂?Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases. 感冒是傳染的,有些眼病也是傳染的。It's more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German. 學習英語和德語等現(xiàn)代語言有用。5. so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease

6、the birth of her babies.他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛,因而成為照料維多利亞女皇的私人醫(yī)生Which doctor is attending you? 哪一個醫(yī)生為你看病?attend a meeting lecture出席會議聽演講, 聽課attend a wedding a funeral參加婚禮葬禮attend school church上學教堂ease用作動詞,意思是“減輕;消除;舒緩;放松”,表示消除某人的痛苦時用結(jié)構(gòu)“ease sb. of sth.”;也可以用作名詞,意為“舒適;自在;不拘束;容易”。These pills will ease the headache.

7、這些藥丸會減輕頭疼。Walking helped to ease him of his pain. 他散了散步減輕了一些痛苦。Her words gave ease to my distracted mind. 我心神不寧,她的話使我寬心。ease作名詞時的常見搭配:at ease放松;自如;不拘束be/feel at ease感到舒適ill at ease不自在;感到拘束put/set sb. at ones ease使某人感到舒適、不拘束with ease容易地;無困難地The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 醫(yī)生給了他

8、一些止疼片以減緩疼痛。I don't feel at ease in the strange place.在這個陌生的地方,我覺得很不自在。6. people exposed to cholera. 得了霍亂的老百姓是過去分詞短語作后置定語,修飾people。相當于定語從句which were exposed to cholera。expose的意思是“暴露;揭露;使曝光”,常與介詞to連用,表示“使暴露于(日光、風雨等;受到風險;使面臨”的意思。The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock. 泥土被洪水沖走,露出光

9、禿禿的石頭。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.嬰兒被棄于風雨之中。The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemys fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敵人的火力之下。7. the most deadly disease in its day.在當時是最致命的疾病deadly adj.致命的, 勢不兩立的, 死一般的, 極度的, 必定的adv.如死一般地, 極度地;非常地Fog is the sailor's deadly enemy. 霧是航海者最致命的敵人。dead

10、ly serious.極其嚴重8. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每當(疾病突發(fā)時,總有成千的人死去。本句是一個復合句,every time引導的是一個時間狀語從句,意思是“每當”,相當于“when”。另外,此狀語從句中還有一個“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)。類似用法的副詞和短語有“directly(一就, immediately(一就, instantly(一就, the minute(一就, the moment(一就, the second(一就, each (every

11、 time(每當, next time(下次時, the last time(上次時等。She went to see him directly she got the letter. 她一收到信就去他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.飯一吃完他就把收音機打開。She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一聽說發(fā)生了事故,就立刻到現(xiàn)場來了。The last time we talked he said he needed another

12、two days.上次我們談話時他說他還需要兩天。9. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是在吃飯的時候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 train. 你沒有搭8點鐘的火車,而是搭的8點25分的車。He suggested going out for a walk.= He s

13、uggested that we (shouldgo out for a walk. 他建議出去走走。absorb的意思是“吸收;吸引;使專心;合并;吞并”,常用be absorbed in sth.表示“專心于某事”。Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聰明孩子容易吸收知識。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by /into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。He is absorbed in his business. 他專心致志的處理業(yè)務。be absorbed by被吞并;為所吸收absorb into吞并

14、;吸到absorb ones attention吸引某人注意absorb ones time占用某人的時間10. the affected person 患者be affected by heat cold 中暑著涼He was deeply affected by my words. 他聽了我的話很受感動。11. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories.因此,在1854年倫敦再次爆發(fā)霍亂的時候,約翰斯諾著手準備對此進行調(diào)研。be ready to d

15、o sth 樂于做,準備做We were all hit by the depression. 我們都受到了不景氣的影響。Price increases hit everyone's pocket. 物價上漲沖擊了每個人的錢袋。Strike waves hit several Western European countries. 罷工的浪潮襲擊了好幾個西歐國家。12. the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.霍亂流行得很嚴重,在10天之內(nèi)就死去了500多人。sev

16、ere 用作形容詞,當它的意思為“嚴重的;嚴肅的”時,和serious相近;當它的意思為“嚴厲的;嚴格的”時,與strict 相近,常用結(jié)構(gòu)be severe on(upon/with sb.表示“對某人嚴厲或嚴格”;此外它還有“劇烈的;尖銳的;樸素的”的意思。The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱災日趨嚴重。He is severe with his children. 和對子女很嚴格。You are too severe on (upon the boy. 你對那個男孩太嚴厲了。I felt a severe pain in the c

17、hest. 我感到胸口劇烈疼痛。表示“傷勢嚴重”要用severe,不用serious;但指“疾病嚴重”時,兩者都可與illness連接。She received severe head injuries in the accident.在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。(此句不可用seriousI was laid up for six weeks with a severe/serious illness.由于重病,我臥床六個星期。13. The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的

18、線索。valuable 的意思是“貴重的;有很大價值的;有用的;有幫助的”,其名詞形式為value。I have a valuable collection of painting. 我有一批很有價值的畫。This book is valuable to /for students of English. 這本書對學英語的學生很用。valuable, valueless, invaluable, priceless與worthless的用法區(qū)別:(1valuable, priceless, invaluable這三個詞意思一樣,都表示“貴重的;無價的”的意思。priceless意思為“無價的;

19、價值連城的”,用于加強語氣,加深程度等情況;比valuable的程度更強。invaluable的意思是“無法估價的;無價的”,不用于形容價值或金錢,而是指質(zhì)或品質(zhì)。(2valueless, worthless這兩個詞意思一樣,表示“無價值的,無用的”的意思,worthless是個常用詞,valueless 很少用。The jewel is of great value, and it is priceless. 這珠寶很有價值,是無價之寶。This ancient gold coin isnt just valuable, its priceless.這枚古代金幣不僅貴重,而且價值連城。You

20、r advice is invaluable to us. 你的建議對我們來說是非常珍貴的。The drawing is of no value, and it is worthless. 這畫沒有價值,它沒有用。It looked like gold, but in fact it was worthless (valueless. 這看起來像金子,其實毫無價值。14. It seemed the water was to blame. 看來水是罪魁禍首。blame用作動詞,意為“責備;責怪;歸咎于”的意思。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為blame sb for sth./blame sth on sb (把某

21、事歸咎于某人,be to blame for sth(應受責備;對某壞事應負責任,此句就使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。Don't blame it on him, but on me. 別怪他,該怪我。They blamed the secretary for the delay of the plan. 他們怪罪秘書造成計劃延誤。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.那次交通事故不應該責怪司機。blame也可用作名詞,意為“責任;責怪”。常見搭配有:bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.(對某

22、事承擔責任, lay/put the blame for sth on sb(把某事歸咎于某人。We should take the blame for our failure. 我們應該承擔失敗的責任。We shouldnt lay the blame for our failure on him. 我們不應該把失敗歸咎于他15. look into the source of the water調(diào)查水源look into 調(diào)查,觀察16. slow down (使慢下來,放慢速度,減速17. in addition 另外,加之,此外,可以用在句子開頭,可以用于句末。和besides意思相同

23、,但besides不能用在句尾。In addition, there was a crop failure in many provinces.此外,許多省份糧食歉收。The man worked him sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition. 那人讓他每天工作16小時,而且還打他。(2in addition to的意思是“除了外(還有”,可用于句首,也可置于句子后部,相當于besides, apart from。In addition to giving him some advice, I gave him thirty dollars.

24、 我向他提出忠告,又給了他30美元。He can get twenty dollarsextra income every month in addition to his salary.除工資外,他每月還可得到20美元的收入。18. be linked to 與有關(guān)聯(lián)link 在此句中用作動詞,意為“連接;聯(lián)系”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)linkto/with意思是“將和連接或聯(lián)系起來”, link up意為“連接或連接起來”;也可用作名詞,意為“環(huán);連接;聯(lián)系;紐帶”。The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. 這條公路連接上海和北京。A railway lin

25、ks up the two towns.這兩個城鎮(zhèn)由一條鐵路連接起來。Your story links up with his. 你所說的和他所說得能聯(lián)系的起來。A lot of links fitted together form a chain. 許多鏈環(huán)連在一起組成鏈條。Old friends are a link with the past. 老朋友是連接往事的紐帶。(1join指的是任何事物的直接連接,連接的程度可緊可松,還能分開之意。常用結(jié)構(gòu)jointo, join up。(2connect指的是通過某種媒介物把事物連接起來,事物的特征還保持,常表示與技術(shù)有關(guān)的連接和火車、飛機等實

26、行聯(lián)運。常用結(jié)構(gòu)connectwith/to。(3combine著重指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物為了共同目的而結(jié)合在一起,結(jié)合后原來部分可能仍不改變或失其本性,常用結(jié)構(gòu)combinewith。(4unite強調(diào)緊密地結(jié)成一體,含極難分開之意,常用結(jié)構(gòu)unitewith。Please join this pole to that one. 請把這根竿子和那根竿子接起來。This flight connects with New York one. 這班飛機在紐約可接上另一班機。We should combine theory with practice. 我們應該理論聯(lián)系實際。The two bi

27、g companies plan to unite. 兩家大公司計劃聯(lián)合起來。19. she had had it delivered from the pump to her house 她派人從水泵打水運到家里。deliver sth. to sb. 把某物交付給某人deliver a message 帶信, 傳話20. With this extra evidence, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease. 有了這個提別的證據(jù),約翰斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布,

28、這種被污染了的水攜帶著病菌。The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 機長宣布飛機就要著陸了。It can be said with certainty that English is pretty important nowadays.可以肯定地說,英語在當今社會里相當重要。21. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined and new method

29、s of dealing with polluted water be found. 為了防止這種情況的再度發(fā)生,約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測并且要找到處理污水的新方法。To prevent為表示目的的不定式短語;prevent(from doing sth 意為“阻止做某事”,其中prevent可與stop, keep互換;suggest表示“建議”的,其賓語從句的謂語用“should +動詞原形”,句中的should被省略了。22. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted wat

30、er anymore.自來水公司也接到指令,不能在讓人們接觸被污染的水了。instruct意思為“命令;指示;囑咐;吩咐;教導(教授知識或技術(shù);訓練”。其名詞形式為instructor(教員;教練和instruction(命令;指示;說明。The teacher instructed him to start early. 老師命令他早動身I've been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師到來。He instructs a class in history. 他教授一個班的歷史(inst

31、ruct inRead the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的說明。辨析instruct, order, demand 和direct :instruct 指出正確的方式以教導;order 意為“命令”; demand 指強烈地“要求”;direct 表示“指示;期望;服從”。23. be similar to 與相似,類似What I am going to say to you would be similar to what you are going to tell me. 我想對你說的話,類似于你想對我說的話.24. conclude用作動詞,

32、意為“結(jié)束;推論;推斷”,常用conclude by doing/with sth. 表示“以而結(jié)束”;conclude from 表示“從推出結(jié)論”的意思,to conclude表示“最后”的意思,相當于意思名詞短語in conclusion。He concluded his speech with/by reading a poem.他朗誦一首詩結(jié)束了他的演講。What do you conclude from these facts.從這些事實中你得出什么結(jié)論?The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.醫(yī)

33、生斷定病人患的是癌癥。To conclude/in conclusion, I wish you all good health and a long life.最后,祝大家健康長壽。draw( arrive at/come to /reach a conclusion “得出結(jié)論”,jump to a conclusion 意為“草率地得出結(jié)論”,conclusion后可接that從句。25. contribute的意思是“捐贈;貢獻;投稿;提供”。常用短語contribute to意思是“有助于;有益于;促成”。其名詞為contribution意思是“捐獻:貢獻:投稿”,常用make a

34、contribution to/towards,表示“對作貢獻”的意思。Everyone should contribute three dollars to the Red Cross. 每位工人捐了3美元給紅十字會。Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都應該盡自己的能力做貢獻。Ive been asked to contribute an article to the language magazine. 有人請我給那份語言雜志撰篇稿。Fresh air and exercise contribute to goo

35、d health. 新鮮空氣和鍛煉有益與健康。Does smoking contributed to lung cancer?吸煙會導致肺癌嗎?He made an outstanding contribution to science. 他對科學作出了卓越的貢獻。26. apart from除以外(except for;除外,還有(besidesApart from being short, Tom is smart. 除了個子矮了點,Tom還是挺帥氣的。Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花費錢以外,它還需要不少時間。27.

36、 由make構(gòu)成的詞組1be made up of組成Two thirds of the earths surface is made up of vast ocean.2make a bargain with sb : 與某人成交3make a decision 做出決定We must look ahead before we make a decision.4make a difference 有影響,起(重要作用5make a dive for向猛沖The dog made a dive for the bone.6make a face 做鬼臉The student made a fa

37、ce when the teacher turned back.7make a fire 生火8 make a living 謀生He began to make a living by himself when he was ten.9make a promise許諾言Father made a promise to buy me a new computer10make an apology to向道歉He apologized/made an apology to her.11make for走向,前往They set off by car and made for the neares

38、t town.12 make friends 交朋友13 make it成功,及時達到After hard-working.we made it at last.14 make money賺錢To make money in the new era, follow the flow of information.15 make ones way排除困難前進After the film ended we made our way out of cinema.16make out認出,理解We made out a figure in the darkness.Its difficult to m

39、ake out his ideas.17make progress進步With the teacher's help,I have made much progress.18 make repairs修理They are making repairs in that building19 make room for給騰地方Would you like to make room for the old lady?20 make sure21 make the bed22make the best of盡量利用Mother didnt enjoy his job,but she made

40、the best of it23make up組成;化妝;打扮;補充;彌補;編造;捏造Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom.It took her more than one hour to make up for the partyOur losses have to be made up with more loans.The whole story is made up24make up for彌補We must make up for the time wasted before.25make up

41、ones mind下決心I have made up my mind to work harder than before.26make use of利用We should make full use of the books in the library28. all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion他所有的數(shù)學計算都得出了相同的結(jié)論。lead to導致;引向;通往 The road leads to the foot of the hill. 這條路通往山腳下。29. Only if you put the s

42、un there did the moments of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太陽放在那兒,天空中其它行星的運動才能說地清楚。以only引導的短語作狀語或狀語從句放在句首時,為了加強語氣,句子需要部分倒裝。Only by working hard can we succeed. 只有通過努力工作,我們才能取得成功。make sense講得通;有道理 Your story doesnt make sense to me. 你編的故事我聽不明白。如果想表示某人所說的話或提議,沒道理、行不通。我們經(jīng)常說:It doesnt make

43、any sense.30. The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. 問題產(chǎn)生了,因為天文學家以前發(fā)現(xiàn)過,天上有些行星停頓下來,往后移動,然后再成環(huán)狀向前移動。arise vi 出現(xiàn);發(fā); 生起來;站起That question did not arise. 那個問題沒有出現(xiàn)。I arose early in the morning.我每天早上起得很早Acci

44、dents arise from carelessness. 疏忽大意往往會引起事故的發(fā)生。arise from 由.而引起, 由.而產(chǎn)生; 從.中產(chǎn)生arise out of 由.而引起, 由.而產(chǎn)生; 從.中產(chǎn)生31. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. 其它行星有時看上去亮些,有時又不怎么亮。第一個others表示other planets, 第二個others表示other timesat times有時;不時 I do feel a little nervous at times. 我有時的確感到有

45、點緊張與time相關(guān)的詞組at one time意為“一度;過去曾經(jīng)”,用于一般過去時態(tài);at a time意為“一次;每次;在某個時候”;at all times意為“一直;無論何時”,相當于at any time;always。32. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. 于是,他在1510至1514年期間從事這項研究,逐步修改他的理論,直到他感到完善時為止。work on 對起作用;對發(fā)生影響;向做工作;使興奮;左右Hi

46、s work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world.他的病理研究工作對全世界至關(guān)重要。33. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun他還提出地球在圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的同時,它本身還自轉(zhuǎn),34. His friends were entusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋

47、友都熱情地鼓勵他把他的思想公諸于世,而他卻小心謹慎。The retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighbourhood affairs. 這個退休工人對里弄工作非常熱心。The schoolboys are more cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before. 男學生們在拼寫時比以前更加小心,以避免發(fā)生錯誤。35. Yet Copernicustheory is now the base on which all our ideas of the univer

48、se are built. 然而哥白尼的理論卻是我們宇宙觀賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)。36. If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? 如果你是哥白尼,你會把你的力量掩藏很多年么?37. He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true. 他做了多年的觀察工作來證實他的新理論是真的。a man of no observation 沒有觀察力的人carry out observations

49、 進行觀察38. somebody elses point of view 別人的觀點39. hold discussions 進行討論40. make choices 做出選擇41. You may argue with them and try to persuade them 你可以和他們爭辯并且盡力說服他們。高中英語新課標必修五unit 1練習及參考答案二、練習一單詞拼寫1. My computer is infected with som e sort of v_ and doest work.2. A_ from a few faults,he is a trustworthy t

50、eacher.3. Will you a_ the wedding ceremony tomorrow?4. Be careful. Dont e_ it to the rain or wind.5. Its very dangerous to be e_ to SARS patients without any protection.6. Everyone should c_ what he or she can afford to helping the poor.7. The teacher gave me v_ advice on how to learn English well.8

51、. It is you not I am to b_ for breaking the window.9. The doctor e_ the boy and found there was nothing the matter with him.10. Kindness is one of the prime minister's_(特征.11. He became _(狂熱的 about classical music.12. You should not r_the invitation from your old friend.13. Be c_when you cross t

52、he street.14. He finished his work in a _(積極的 way.15. Water and salt are _(吸收 into our blood stream everyday.二英漢互譯1. The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock.2. 我們得研究一下罷工的原因.3. From his appearance we may conclud that he is a heavy smoker。4. 那次交通事故不應該責怪司機5. 我們的英語老師對我們要求嚴格。6. 感冒是傳染的,有

53、些眼病也是傳染的。7. We must take a scientific approach to the problem.8. 只有通過努力工作,我們才能取得成功。9. Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.10. 我想對你說的話,類似于你想對我說的話.三單項選擇1. The building _in our school is for our teachers, though there is noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A builtB h

54、aving been builtC to be builtD being built2. The old man,_ abroad for 20 years, is on the way back to his mother land.A to workB workingC to have workedD having worked3. Who are these people with banners? -A group _ itself the league for Peace.A callingB calledC callsD is called4. It was unbelievabl

55、e that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours _a look at the sports stars.A hadB havingC to haveD have5. The meeting _ tomorrow will be of great importance. All of us should attend it.A heldB to be heldC being heldD is going to be held6. You must do everything _you _.A as; are told toB as;

56、are told B like; are told D when ; are told7. The purpose of technology is to make things easier ,_ them more difficult.A not makeB not to makeC making notD do not make8. The mother did not know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A whoB whenC howD what9. A man is questioned in relation to the _ murder last night.A advisedB attendedC attemptedD admitted10. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding.-No,