【人教版】江西省2012屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精講精練學(xué)案必修5++Unit+1 Great+scientists

1、【人教版】江西省2012屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精講精練學(xué)案必修5 Unit 1Great scientists.重點(diǎn)單詞聚焦1We were_(擊敗，打敗) 01 in the football game，which made us very upset.答案：defeated2Some_(專家) in the field of English teaching have been invited to give us a lecture.答案：experts3Environmental pollution is one of the most serious_(挑戰(zhàn)) we face.答案：ch

2、allenges4The police_(懷疑) the man in the red jacket was a criminal，but they didnt have any evidence.答案：suspected5So busy was the mother that she had to ask her neighbor to _(照顧) her baby for a day.答案：attend6After graduating from college，he became an excellent_(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生)答案：physician7Happiness，instead of m

3、edicine，was the_(治愈方法) for her illness.答案：cure/treatment8People all around the world tried to help the_(受害者) of the earthquake in that area.答案：victims9Richardson_(推斷出) from his studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.答案：concluded10Youd better not be_(暴露) to the sun too long；i

4、t may lead to skin diseases.答案：exposed.重點(diǎn)短語掃描1put 提出2 .to 使顯露；暴露3apart 除之外；此外4make 講得通；有意義5draw a 得出結(jié)論6link. .將和聯(lián)系或連接起來7be with.對嚴(yán)格的8make for為騰地方9be to 應(yīng)受譴責(zé)，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任forwardexposefromsenseconclusiontostrictroomblame10be 違背，反對11point of 態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)，看法12slow 減速13lead 通向，導(dǎo)致14look 調(diào)查againstviewdowntointo.課文原句突破1人們

5、不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。_its cause_its cure was understood.答案：Neither；nor2每次暴發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。So many thousands of terrified people died_ _ there was an outbreak.答案：every time 3為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。_ _ this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies_ _.答案：

6、To prevent；be examined4只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。_ _you put the sun there_the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.答案：Only if；did5他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星圍繞著它轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system _the planets _round it and only the moon still going ro

7、und the earth.答案：with；goingconclusion nC，U 結(jié)論；結(jié)束教材原句P1：Draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論We may conclude from his appearance that he is a heavy smoker.從他的外表我們可以斷定他煙抽得很兇。We concluded the meeting with an English song.我們以一首英語歌結(jié)束這次會(huì)議。They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond neckla

8、ce.他們斷定是小偷偷走了他們的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈。We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。In conclusion，I think there is hope for the future.總之， 我認(rèn)為將來還有希望。1.Ann seems to be upset.Whats up?She_from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.Ainclud

9、es BconcludesCsuggestsDcontains解析：下句意為：她根據(jù)電話中的聲音判定母親對她的考試成績不滿意。答案：Bdefeat (defeated；defeated) vt.打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；n.失敗教材原句P2：JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”約翰斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”The army was welltrained and wellarmed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.這支部隊(duì)裝備齊全又受過良好的訓(xùn)練，打敗敵人沒有困難。Although there were lots of

10、difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.雖然生活中有許多困難，但她從不讓困難打敗自己。Our baseball team has suffered another defeat.我們的棒球隊(duì)再次失敗。辨析：defeat，beat與win這三個(gè)詞都有“贏”的意思，但用法不盡相同。(1)defeat和beat都可接sb.作賓語，一般可以互換，其賓語通常是“人”或“一個(gè)團(tuán)體”，如a team，a class，a school，an army等。另外，defeat還可用于指戰(zhàn)爭中“擊敗”敵軍或入侵者。(2)win后接

11、sth.，如game，war，prize，love，respect等；后接sb.時(shí)表示“爭取某人”。2.用win，beat或defeat填空：(1)Much to his disappointment，he was badly _in the election.(2)Who do you think will_the beauty contest?(3)You_me in the race，but Ill_you at tennis.答案：(1)defeated(2)win(3)beat/defeated；beat/defeatexpose vt.暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面臨教材原句P2：But

12、 he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助(那些)受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。Dont expose your skin to direct sunlight，or youll get sunburnt.不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽光下，否則你會(huì)被曬傷。The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.那輛自行車任由風(fēng)吹雨打。We want to expose the kids to as much

13、art and culture as possible.我們想讓孩子們受到盡可能多的藝術(shù)和文化熏陶。As a nurse in the war she was exposed to many dangers.作為戰(zhàn)地護(hù)士，她置身于危險(xiǎn)之中。3.完成句子暴露在陽光下太久對皮膚有傷害。_sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.答案：Being exposed to absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使專心；并入，并吞教材原句P2：The second suggested that people absorbed this diseas

14、e into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法表明人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(1)absorb ones attention吸引某人注意(2)absorbed adj.聚精會(huì)神的；專心致志的，極感興趣的be absorbed by/into被吞并，被所吸收be absorbed/buried in全神貫注于I was so absorbed in this book that I didnt hear you come in.我正入神地看這本書，連你進(jìn)來也沒聽見。Absorbed in his work，Tom simply forgot foo

15、d and sleep.湯姆專心于工作，幾乎忘記了吃飯和睡覺。The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.這家大公司漸漸把這些小公司吞并了。4.(2010河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)For the next two hours she was_the film，so she didnt notice what happened around her.Aengaged inBbusy withCabsorbed inDoccupied with解析：考查短語辨析。句意為：在此

16、后的兩個(gè)小時(shí)里，她在專心看電影，因而沒有注意到周圍所發(fā)生的事情。be engaged in從事；be busy with忙于；be absorbed in全神貫注于；be occupied with忙于。答案：C5_in her new novel，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.AHaving deeply absorbedBDeeply absorbingCDeeply having been absorbedDDeeply absorbed解析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。短

17、語be absorbed in的意思為“專心于”。答案：Dblame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把歸咎于是；n.過失；責(zé)備教材原句P2：It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。I dont blame you for doing that.我不責(zé)備你做了那事。The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.這位司機(jī)不應(yīng)承擔(dān)

18、交通事故。You must bear the blame for the accident.你必須承擔(dān)這次事故的責(zé)任。6.(安徽高考)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy，saying that he was not the one _.AblamedBblamingCto blameDto be blamed解析：he was not the one to blame意為“他不是那個(gè)應(yīng)該受責(zé)備的人”。答案：C7(福建高考)_for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice

19、 was in low spirits.ABlamingBBlamedCTo blameDTo be blamed解析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為：Alice因?yàn)殡娔X網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障被責(zé)備，情緒很低落。非謂語形式用做原因狀語，主語是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者，故用過去分詞blame。D項(xiàng)to be blamed有將要的意思。答案：B8Dont always_your own failure_others.Sometimes you yourself_.Ablame；on；are to be blamedBblame；for；are to blameCblame；on；are to blameDblame；

20、for；are to be blamed解析：句意為：不要總把失敗歸咎于他人。有時(shí)該責(zé)怪你自己。blame sth.on sb.把歸咎于某人；be to blame該受責(zé)備，要用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。答案：Ccontribute vt.& vi.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助He contributed some money to the flood victims.他捐出一些錢給遭受水災(zāi)的難民。Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.我們的老師告訴我們鍛煉有助于身體健康。He has made great contributi

21、ons to a space development program.他對太空發(fā)展計(jì)劃有很大貢獻(xiàn)。Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.許多人給這個(gè)可憐的小男孩捐錢，這使他重新回到了校園。一位作家寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的文章并把它投到了報(bào)社。9.Eating too much fat can_heart diseases and

22、 cause high blood pressure.Aresult fromBcontribute toCattend toDdevote to解析：contribute to導(dǎo)致，其后常接表示結(jié)果的名詞。答案：Bput forward 提出(建議)；推薦；將提前教材原句P1：Who put forward a theory about black holes?誰提出的黑洞理論？He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.他在會(huì)上提了一個(gè)很好的建議。The plan put forward by the old professor

23、 was well worth considering.那位老教授提出的計(jì)劃很值得考慮。They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.他們將婚禮日期提前了一周。put aside節(jié)?。粌?chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存put away放好；積蓄put off延期；推遲put on穿上；演出put out熄滅；生產(chǎn)put up舉起；張貼；公布；掛起；建造Never put off till tomorrow what you can to today.今日事今日畢。Its wise to have some money put away for

24、old age.存些錢養(yǎng)老是明智的做法。They have put up a lot of highrise buildings recently.最近他們蓋起來很多高樓大廈。10.完成句子The manager was very satisfied with the suggestion that Mr Smith_(昨天在會(huì)議上提出的)答案：put forward at the meeting yesterdayapart from除之外；此外教材原句P4：Apart from the construction mentioned above you have also learned t

25、he following phrases.除了以上提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你也學(xué)過下面的詞組。Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.(相當(dāng)于but/except)除了你，我再也沒有可交談的人了。Apart from a few faults，he is a respectable teacher.(相當(dāng)于except for)除幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)外，他是個(gè)值得尊敬的老師。This essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistakes.除了有些拼寫錯(cuò)誤，這篇文章寫得不錯(cuò)。in addition to相當(dāng)于介詞besides

26、，表示“除以外還”。In addition to giving a general introduction to computers，the course also provide practical experience.課程除了介紹一般電腦知識之外，還提供實(shí)際操作的機(jī)會(huì)。11.(2010杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)模擬)_its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.AOther

27、thanBApart fromCExcept forDRather than解析：句意為：除了低成本外，對作為建筑材料的鐵的需求在于其自身的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，耐火性以及在其他廣泛領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用潛能。apart from在此處相當(dāng)于介詞besides，符合語意。other than除了；except for除以外，rather than勝于，均不符合語意。答案：B12She knows nothing about her new neighbor_he moved into the building last Sunday.Aexcept thatBexceptCapart fromDbesides解析：此題

28、考查except后跟賓語從句的用法，except后連詞不可省略。答案：Amake sense有意義；有道理；講得通教材原句P7：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通。This sentence just doesnt make sense，no matter how you read it.無論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它還是講不通。It makes no sense to buy that expen

29、sive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.這些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非買那件貴的不可呢？make sense of理解，明白make no sense沒道理，沒意義there is no sense in doing sth.做沒道理in a sense在某一方面；就某種意義來說in no sense決不Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.我把這首詩又讀了一遍之后才理解了它的含義。Theres no sense in getting angry

30、 about it.為此生氣是沒有意思的。You are right in a sense，but you dont know all the facts.在某種意義上你是對的，但你不了解全部事實(shí)。13.Whats the central idea of the passage，Bob?Sorry，I cant make_of it.Its beyond my ability.AjudgementBunderstandingCideaDsense解析：句意為：Bob，這篇文章的中心思想是什么？對不起，我不明白(這篇文章)。這超出我的能力范圍了。make sense of明白，理解。答案：DNe

31、ither its cause，nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治療方法。neither.nor.既不，也不，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分。Neither my father nor I was there.我父親和我都不在那里。I have neither time nor money for the ball.我既沒時(shí)間也沒錢參加舞會(huì)。 If Joes wife wont go to the party，neither will I.如果Joe的妻子不參加晚會(huì)，我也不去。The man never went to school，so he c

32、ould neither read nor write.這個(gè)人從來沒上過學(xué)，因此他既不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫。14.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and_.AI was neitherBneither was ICI was eitherDeither was I解析：句意為：比爾對Jason做報(bào)告推遲這件事表示不高興，我也不高興。根據(jù)題意可知，我也不 (高興)，neither/nor系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞sb.表示某人也不 (同意或贊成上文的觀點(diǎn))，易把either看做neither，無either was I句式，故

33、選B。答案：BSo many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。(1)every time引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，意思是“每當(dāng)”。 (2)名詞詞組作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的有：every time，each time，any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。 (3)有些副詞

34、，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句。Every time I catch a cold，I have pains in my back.我每次感冒背就痛。The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt very nervous.我第一次爬到墻上去時(shí)，感到很緊張。She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake.她一看到蛇就叫了起來。I left immediately the clock struck 5.鐘剛敲了五下我就離開了。(1)for the first

35、 time是介詞短語，只可作時(shí)間狀語，而the first time是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 (2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is，從句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果用was，則用過去完成時(shí)。 (3)Its high/about time that.從句動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或should動(dòng)詞原形。It is the first time that I have been to Beijing.這是我第一次去北京。It is high time that we left for Beijing.該到我們出發(fā)去北京的時(shí)間了。15.(2009遼寧卷)Its the first

36、time that he has been to Australia，_？Aisnt heBhasnt heCisnt itDhasnt it解析：句意為：這是他第一次到澳大利亞，不是嗎？Its the first time that.是固定句型，反意疑問句的構(gòu)成需依據(jù)主句的主語和謂語而定。答案：C16(2009陜西卷)This is the first time we_a film in the cinema together as a family.AseeBhad seenCsawDhave seen解析：句意為：這是我們?nèi)业谝淮蔚诫娪霸嚎措娪??！癟his/It is the序數(shù)詞ti

37、me that 從句”為固定句型，that從句需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：D17Dont stop_you meet with a word you dont understand.Aat the timeBeach timeCby the timeDsometimes解析：考查名詞性詞組用做連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。句意為：不要每次遇到不理解的詞就停下來。有類似用法的還有：next time(下次)，last time(上次)，the moment(一就)等。而A、D兩項(xiàng)不能連接句子，C項(xiàng)意義不對。答案：B18(2011云南玉溪模擬)_you talk to someone or write a me

38、ssage，you show your skills to others.AAt timesBSome timeCEvery timeDThe time解析：句意為：每次你與別人交談或?qū)懶畔?，你都向別人展示你的技能。every time是名詞詞組用做連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。答案：CTo prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.為防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。suggest在此意為“建議”，后接從句作賓

39、語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用should do，should可以省略。I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.我向他建議我們用另一種方式處理這個(gè)問題。He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.他建議我們坐下來擬定一個(gè)實(shí)際的解決辦法。(1)suggest后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用ing形式。(2)suggest意為“暗示”時(shí)，表語從句用正常的時(shí)態(tài)。The headmaster suggested putting off the sports me

40、eting because of the bad weather.由于天氣不好，校長建議推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。Her expression on the face suggested that she was not satisfied with what we had done.她臉上的表情暗示了她對我們做的事情不滿意。19.Janes pale face suggested that she_ill，and her parents suggested that she_a medical examination.Abe；should haveBwas；haveCshould be；hadDwas；h

41、as解析：句中第一個(gè)suggest意為“表明”，從句不用虛擬語氣，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)；第二個(gè)suggest意為“建議”，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，省略了should。答案：B.完成句子1We are divided into 6 groups to discuss the questions_(提出) by the teacher.答案：put forward2In the end，he_(得出結(jié)論) that the murderer was one of the four people.答案：concluded/drew a/the conclusion3The camera_(連接到) a compute

42、r so that the photos can be copied onto the computer.答案：is linked to4In fact，_(除之外)money，the old man needs more care.答案：apart from5It is not the child but his parents who_(該負(fù)責(zé)) for this.答案：is to blame6The police_(調(diào)查) the case for several months but didnt find any useful clues.答案：had looked into7The

43、bus_(減速) and stopped as it approached the bus station.答案：slowed down8When the party_(結(jié)束)，the girls left together.答案：came to an end.巧思妙解1(2011江西師大附中模擬)_you take part in physical activity_be able to keep fit and stay healthy.AOnly if；you willBOnly if；will youCUnless；you willDUnless；will you解析：考查部分倒裝。句

44、意為：只有參加體育鍛煉，你才能保持身體健康?！癘nly狀語從句”放于句首時(shí)，主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。此處是“Onlyif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句”，故主句須用倒裝形式，因而排除A、C兩項(xiàng)，unless不符合語意，故排除D而選B。答案：B 2Only at the moment_that only_late for the meeting.Everybody else was seated calmly in their places.Adid I realize；I wasBdid I realize；was ICI realized；I wasDI realized；was I解析：考查倒裝句和語序。

45、當(dāng)only修飾主語之外的句子成分如狀語、賓語并與它所修飾的成分一起放在句首時(shí)，句子要用倒裝，因此第一空用倒裝形式；第二空的only修飾賓語從句的主語，此時(shí)句子應(yīng)用正常語序，因此選A。答案：A3Every one of us must know：_we live can we save the earth.Aby changing the way onlyBonly by changing the wayCby only changing the wayDby changing only the way解析：空格后為倒裝語序，判定選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為only介詞短語。答案：B4_by keeping dow