《面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)》答案

1、實(shí)驗(yàn)一熟悉VC+IDE開發(fā)環(huán)境一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牟藛螜诤凸げ藛螜诤凸?、熟悉VC+6.0集成開發(fā)環(huán)境，熟練掌握VC+6.0項(xiàng)目工作區(qū)、各種編輯器、具欄的使用。2、掌握如何編輯、編譯、連接和運(yùn)行一個(gè)C+程序。3、通過運(yùn)行簡單的C+程序，初步了解C+源程序的結(jié)構(gòu)和特點(diǎn)。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、分析下列程序運(yùn)行的結(jié)果。程序一：#include<iostream.h>intadd(intx,inty=8);voidmain()intx=4;cout<<add(x)<<","cout<<add(x,add(add(x,add(x)<<en

2、dl;intadd(intx,inty)returnx+y;/12,28程序二：#include<iostream.h>voidmain()int*p,i;i=5;p=&i;i=*p+10;cout<<"i="<<i<<endl;/i=15程序三：#include<iostream.h>voidmain(void)inti=10;int&r=i;r+;cout<<"i="<<i<<",r="<<r<<

3、'n'i=88;cout<<"i="<<i<<",r="<<r<<'n'/i=11,r=11i=88,r=88程序四：#include<iostream.h>intf(inti)staticintk=1;for(;i>0;i-)k+=i;returnk;voidmain()inti;for(i=0;i<5;i+)cout<<f(i)<<""/1251121程序五：#include<iostr

4、eam.h>voidfunc();intn=1;voidmain()staticinta;intb=-9;b:"<<b<<"n:"<<n<<endl;b:"<<b<<"n:"<<n<<endl;cout<<"a:"<<a<<"b+=4;func();cout<<"a:"<<a<<"n+=10;func()

5、;voidfunc()staticinta=2;intb=5;a+=2;n+=12;b+=5;cout<<"a:"<<a<<"b:"<<b<<"n:"<<n<<endl;/a:0b:-9n:1a:4b:10n:13a:0b:-5n:13a:6b:10n:35實(shí)驗(yàn)二C+對(duì)C的擴(kuò)充一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、了解在面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)過程中C+對(duì)C功能的擴(kuò)充與增強(qiáng)，并善于在編寫程序的過程中應(yīng)用這些新功能。2、進(jìn)一步熟悉編輯、編譯、連接和運(yùn)行C+程序的方法。3、進(jìn)一步熟悉C

6、+程序的結(jié)構(gòu)和編程方法。實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、分析下列程序運(yùn)行的結(jié)果。#include<iostream.h>intamount=123;voidmain()intamount=456;cout<<:amount<<','cout<<amount<<',':amount=789;cout<<:amount<<','cout<<amount<<'n'/123,456,789,4562、編寫一個(gè)程序，用來求2個(gè)或3個(gè)正整數(shù)中的最大數(shù)。 用

7、不帶默認(rèn)參數(shù)的函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)。include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmax(inta,intb,intc)if(b>a)a=b;if(c>a)a=c;returna;intmax(inta,intb)if(a>b)returna;elsereturnb;intmain()inta=7,b=-4,c=9;cout<<max(a,b,c)<<endl;cout<<max(a,b)<<endl;return0; 用帶默認(rèn)參數(shù)的函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)。#include<iostream>usin

8、gnamespacestd;intmain()intmax(inta,intb,intc=0);inta,b,c;cin>>a>>b>>c;/求3個(gè)整數(shù)中的最大者/求兩個(gè)整數(shù)中的最大者/輸出3個(gè)整數(shù)中的最大者/輸出兩個(gè)整數(shù)中的最大者cout<<"max(a,b,c)="<<max(a,b,c)<<endl;cout<<"max(a,b)="<<max(a,b)<<endl;return0;intmax(inta,intb,intc)if(b>

9、a)a=b;if(c>a)a=c;returna;3、有5個(gè)字符串，要求對(duì)它們按由小到大順序排列，用string方法。#include<iostream>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;intmain()inti;stringstr5="BASIC","C","FORTRAN","C+","PASCAL"voidsort(string);sort(str);cout<<"thesortedstrings:&q

10、uot;<<endl;for(i=0;i<5;i+)cout<<stri<<""cout<<endl;return0;voidsort(strings)inti,j;stringt;for(j=0;j<5;j+)for(i=0;i<5-j;i+)if(si>si+1)t=si;si=si+1;si+1=t;4、定義一個(gè)求兩個(gè)數(shù)中較小值的函數(shù)模板min()，要求在main()函數(shù)中進(jìn)行調(diào)用求兩個(gè)浮點(diǎn)型數(shù)據(jù)和兩個(gè)整型數(shù)據(jù)中較小的數(shù)。#include"iostream"#include&q

11、uot;string"usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT>Tmin(Ta,Tb)returna<b?a:b;intmain()inta=1,b=9;floatc=1.23471,d=32.431564;cout<<"Theminof"<<a<<"and"<<b<<"is"<<min(a,b)<<endl<<"Theminof"<<c<&l

12、t;"and"<<d<<"is"<<min(c,d)<<endl;return0;實(shí)驗(yàn)三類和對(duì)象(一)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、掌握聲明類的方法，類和類的成員的概念以及定義對(duì)象的方法。2、掌握類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的概念和使用方法。3、初步掌握用類和對(duì)象編制基于對(duì)象的程序。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、分析下面的程序，寫出其運(yùn)行時(shí)的輸出結(jié)果。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classDatepublic:Date(int,int,int);Date(int,int);Date(i

13、nt);Date();voiddisplay();private:intmonth;intday;intyear;Date：Date(intm,intd,inty):month(m),day(d),year(y)Date：Date(intm,intd):month(m),day(d)year=2005;Date：Date(intm):month(m)day=1;year=2005;Date：Date()month=1;day=1;year=2005;voidDate：display()cout<<month<<"/<<day<<&quo

14、t;/"<<year<<endl;intmain()Dated1(10,13,2005);Dated2(12,30);Dated3(10);Dated4;d1.display();d2.display();d3.display();d4.display();return0;/10/13/200512/30/200510/1/20051/1/20052、建立一個(gè)名為Student的類，該類有以下幾個(gè)私有成員變量：學(xué)生姓名、學(xué)號(hào)、性別、年齡。還有以下兩個(gè)成員變量：一個(gè)用于初始化學(xué)生姓名、學(xué)號(hào)、性別和年齡的構(gòu)造函數(shù)，一個(gè)用于輸出學(xué)生信息的函數(shù)。編寫一個(gè)主函數(shù)，聲明一

15、個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)象，然后調(diào)用成員函數(shù)在屏幕輸出學(xué)生信息。#include"iostream"#include"string"usingnamespacestd;classstudentpublic:student();voiddisplay();private:stringsName,sNum;charchSex;intiAge;student:student(stringna,stringnum,chars,inta):sName(na),sNum(num),chSex(s),iAge(a)voidstudent:display()cout<<&q

16、uot;THEINFORMATIONOFSTUDENTn"cout<<"name:"<<sName<<endl<<"number:"<<sNum<<endl<<"sex:"<<chSex<<endl<<"age:"<<iAge<<endl;intmain()students("WangFang","03",'w

17、9;,20);s.display();return0;obj3、類Person的定義如下，請(qǐng)實(shí)現(xiàn)該類，并在主函數(shù)中創(chuàng)建對(duì)象obj，然后使用構(gòu)造函數(shù)為賦予初始值(內(nèi)容自定)。classPersonprivate:charname10;intage;intsalary;chartel8;public:Person(char*xname,intxage,intxsalary,char*xtel);voiddisp();解：#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>Person:person(char*Xname,intXage,intXsal

18、ary,char*Xtel)strcpy(name,xname);age=xage;salary=xsalary;strcpy(tel,xtel);voidPerson:disp()cout<<“姓名：”<<name<<endl;cout<<“年齡”：<<age<<endl;cout<<“工資”：<<salary<<endl:cout<<“電話”：<<tel<<endl;voidmain()Personobj(“張三”，25，850，“”)；obj.d

19、isp()實(shí)驗(yàn)四類和對(duì)象(二)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)類和對(duì)象的理解。2、掌握對(duì)類的對(duì)象數(shù)組、對(duì)象的指針及其使用方法。3、掌握友元的概念和使用。4、了解類模板的使用方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、分析并比較下列程序運(yùn)行的結(jié)果。程序一：#include<iostream.h>#include<iostream.h>classsmallonepublic:smallone(intsma)cout<<"smconstr:"<<sma<<"n"voidfn(intn)smallonesm(n);cout<

20、;<"infunctionfnwithn="<<n<<endl;intmain()fn(10);fn(20);return0;/smconstr:10infunctionfnwithn=10smconstr:20infunctionfnwithn=20程序二：#include<iostream.h>#include<iostream.h>classsmallonepublic:smallone(intsma)cout<<"smconstr:"<<sma<<"

21、;n"voidfn(intn)staticsmallonesm(n);cout<<"infunctionfnwithn="<<n<<endl;intmain()fn(10);fn(20);return0;/smconstr:10infunctionfnwithn=10infunctionfnwithn=202、建立一個(gè)對(duì)象數(shù)組，內(nèi)放5個(gè)學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)(學(xué)號(hào)、成績)，設(shè)立一個(gè)函數(shù)max，用指向?qū)ο蟮闹羔樧骱瘮?shù)參數(shù)，在max函數(shù)中找出5個(gè)學(xué)生中成績最高者，并輸出其學(xué)號(hào)。#include<iostream>usingnames

22、pacestd;classStudentpublic:Student(intn,floats):num(n),score(s)intnum;floatscore;voidmain()Studentstud5=Student(101,78.5),Student(102,85.5),Student(103,98.5),Student(104,100.0),Student(105,95.5);voidmax(Student*);Student*p=&stud0;max(p);reyurn0;voidmax(Student*arr)floatmax_score=arr0.score;intk=

23、0;for(inti=1;i<5;i+)if(arri.score>max_score)max_score=arri.score;k=i;cout<<arrk.num<<""<<max_score<<endl;3、聲明一個(gè)類模板，利用它分別實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)整數(shù)、浮點(diǎn)數(shù)和字符的比較，求出大數(shù)和小數(shù)。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;template<classnumtype>classComparepublic:Compare(numtypea,numtypeb)

24、x=a;y=b;numtypemax()return(x>y)?x:y;numtypemin()return(x<y)?x:y;private:numtypex,y;intmain()Compare<int>cmp1(3,7);cout<<cmp1.max()<<"istheMaximumoftwointedernumbers."<<endl;cout<<cmp1.min()<<"istheMinimumoftwointedernumbers."<<endl&

25、lt;<endl;Compare<float>cmp2(45.78,93.6);cout<<cmp2.max()<<"istheMaximumoftwofloatnumbers."<<endl;cout<<cmp2.min()<<"istheMinimumoftwofloatnumbers."<<endl<<endl;Compare<char>cmp3('a','A');cout<<cmp3.max

26、()<<"istheMaximumoftwocharacters."<<endl;cout<<cmp3.min()<<"istheMinimumoftwocharacters."<<endl;return0;實(shí)驗(yàn)五運(yùn)算符重載一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、進(jìn)一步了解運(yùn)算符重載的概念和使用方法。2、掌握幾種常用的運(yùn)算符重載的方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、定義一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)類Complex，重載運(yùn)算法“+”，使之能用于復(fù)數(shù)的加法運(yùn)算。將運(yùn)算符重載為普通函數(shù)（非成員、非友元）、成員函數(shù)、友元函數(shù)。根據(jù)要求修改通過函數(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)相加

27、的示例，分別編寫程序，求兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)之和。#include<iostream>/定義Complex類/構(gòu)造函數(shù)/聲明復(fù)數(shù)相加函數(shù)/定義Complex類/構(gòu)造函數(shù)/聲明復(fù)數(shù)相加函數(shù)usingnamespacestd;classComplexpublic:Complex(floatx=0,floaty=0)real=x;imag=y;Complexcomplex_add(Complex&c2);voiddisplay()cout<<real<<'+'<<imag<<'i'<<endl;/實(shí)部

28、/虛部private:floatreal;floatimag;ComplexComplex:complex_add(Complex&c2)Complexc;c.real=real+c2.real;c.imag=imag+c2.imag;returnc;intmain()Complexcomplex1(3.34f,4.8f),complex2(12.8f,5.2f);Complexcomplex;/定義3個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)象complex=plex_add(complex2);/進(jìn)行兩個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的加運(yùn)算complex.display();return0;/16.14+10i/普通函數(shù)（非成員、非友元）

29、#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classComplexpublic:Complex()real=0;imag=0;Complex(doubler,doublei)real=r;imag=i;doubleget_real();doubleget_imag();voiddisplay();private:doublereal;doubleimag;doubleComplex:get_real()returnreal;doubleComplex:get_imag()returnimag;voidComplex:display()cout<&

30、lt;"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;Complexoperator+(Complex&c1,Complex&c2)returnComplex(c1.get_real()+c2.get_real(),c1.get_imag()+c2.get_imag();intmain()Complexc1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;c3=c1+c2;cout<<"c3="c3.display();r

31、eturn0;/運(yùn)算符重載為成員函數(shù)#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classComplexpublic:Complex()real=0;imag=0;Complex(doubler,doublei)real=r;imag=i;Complexoperator+(Complex&c2);voiddisplay();private:doublereal;doubleimag;ComplexComplex:operator+(Complex&c2)Complexc;c.real=real+c2.real;c.imag=imag+c2

32、.imag;returnc;voidComplex:display()cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;intmain()Complexc1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;c3=c1+c2;cout<<"c1="c1.display();cout<<"c2="c2.display();cout<<"c1+c2="c3.d

33、isplay();return0;/將運(yùn)算符重載為友元函數(shù)#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classComplexpublic:Complex()real=0;imag=0;Complex(doubler)real=r;imag=0;Complex(doubler,doublei)real=r;imag=i;friendComplexoperator+(Complex&c1,Complex&c2);voiddisplay();private:doublereal;doubleimag;Complexoperator+(Comp

34、lex&c1,Complex&c2)returnComplex(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);voidComplex:display()cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;intmain()Complexc1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;c3=c1+c2;cout<<"c1="c1.display();cout<<&qu

35、ot;c2="c2.display();cout<<"c1+c2="c3.display();return0;實(shí)驗(yàn)六繼承和派生一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、了解繼承在面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)中的重要作用。2、進(jìn)一步理解繼承與派生的概念。3、掌握通過繼承派生出一個(gè)新的類的方法。4、了解虛基類的作用和用法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、運(yùn)行程序，分析構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的調(diào)用順序。程序一：#include<iostream.h>classApublic:A()cout<<"A:Constructor"<<endl;A()cout<&

36、lt;"A:Destructor"<<endl;classB:publicApublic:B()cout<<"B:Constructor"<<endl;B()cout<<"B:Destructor"<<endl;voidmain()Bb;/A:ConstructorB:ConstructorB:DestructorA:Destructor程序二：#include<iostream.h>classAinta;public:A(intaa=0)a=aa;A()cout

37、<<”DestructorA!”<<a<<endl;classB:publicAintb;public:B(intaa=0,intbb=0):A(aa)b=bb;B()cout<<”DestructorB!”<<b<<endl;voidmain()Bx(5),y(6,7);/DestructorB!7DestructorA!6DestructorB!0DestructorA!5調(diào)用順序：構(gòu)造x.Aa=5構(gòu)造x.Ba=5b=0構(gòu)造y.A/不匹配，不調(diào)用A()構(gòu)造y.Ba=6b=7析構(gòu)y.BB!7析構(gòu)y.AA!6析構(gòu)x.BB!

38、0析構(gòu)x.AA!52、分別聲明Teacher(教師)類和Cadre(干部)類，采用多重繼承方式由這兩個(gè)類派生出新類Teacher_Cader類。要求： 在兩個(gè)基類種豆包含姓名、年齡、性別、地址、電話等數(shù)據(jù)成員。 在Teacher類中還包含數(shù)據(jù)成員title(職稱)，在Cader類中還包含數(shù)據(jù)成員post(職務(wù))。在Teacher_Cader類中還包含數(shù)據(jù)成員wages(工資)。 在對(duì)兩個(gè)基類中的姓名、年齡、性別、地址、電話等數(shù)據(jù)成員用相同的名字，在引用這些數(shù)據(jù)成員時(shí)，指定作用域。 在類體中聲明成員函數(shù)，在類外定義數(shù)據(jù)成員。 在派生類Teacher_Cade啲成員函數(shù)show中調(diào)用Teacher

39、類中的display函數(shù)，輸出姓名、年齡、性別、職稱、地址、電話，然后再調(diào)用cout語句輸出職務(wù)和工資。#include<string>#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classTeacherpublic:Teacher(stringnam,inta,chars,stringtit,stringad,stringt);voiddisplay();protected:stringname;intage;charsex;stringtitle;stringaddr;stringtel;Teacher:Teacher(stringnam

40、,inta,chars,stringtit,stringad,stringt):name(nam),age(a),sex(s),title(tit),addr(ad),tel(t)voidTeacher:display()cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"age"<<age<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"title:"&l

41、t;<title<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl;cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl;classCadrepublic:Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringp,stringad,stringt);voiddisplay();protected:stringname;intage;charsex;stringpost;stringaddr;stringtel;Cadre:Cadre(str

42、ingnam,inta,chars,stringp,stringad,stringt):name(nam),age(a),sex(s),post(p),addr(ad),tel(t)voidCadre:display()cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"age:"<<age<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"post:"<

43、;<post<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl;cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl;classTeacher_Cadre:publicTeacher,publicCadrepublic:Teacher_Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringtit,stringp,stringad,stringt,floatw);voidshow();private:floatwage;Teacher_Cad

44、re:Teacher_Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringt,stringp,stringad,stringtel,floatw):Teacher(nam,a,s,t,ad,tel),Cadre(nam,a,s,p,ad,tel),wage(w)voidTeacher_Cadre:show()Teacher:display();cout<<"post:"<<Cadre:post<<endl;cout<<"wages:"<<wage<<endl;intma

45、in()Teacher_Cadrete_ca("Wang-li",50,'f',"prof.","president","135BeijingRoad,Shanghai","(021)",1534.5);te_ca.show();return0;實(shí)驗(yàn)七多態(tài)性和虛函數(shù)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、了解多態(tài)性的概念。2、了解虛函數(shù)的作用及其使用方法。3、了解靜態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)和動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)的概念和用法。4、了解純虛函數(shù)和抽象類的概念和用法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)要求1、分析程序運(yùn)行結(jié)果，掌握虛函數(shù)的使用。程序一：#inclu

46、de<iostream.h>classONEpublic:virtualvoidf()cout<<"l"<<endl;classTWO:publicONEpublic:TWO()cout<<"2"<<endl;classTHREE:publicTWOpublic:virtualvoidf()TWO:f();cout<<"3"voidmain()ONEaa,*p;TWObb;THREEcc;p=&cc;p->f();/2213程序二：#include&

47、lt;iostream.h>classBasepublic:virtualvoidfn()cout<<"InBaseClassn"classSubClass:publicBasepublic:virtualvoidfn()cout<<"InSubClassn"voidmain()Basebc,*p;SubClasssc;p=&bc;p->fn();p=&sc;p->fn();/InBaseClassInSubClass2、實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)類A，在A中有兩個(gè)私有的整型變量a和b,定義構(gòu)造函數(shù)對(duì)a和b進(jìn)行初始

48、化，并實(shí)現(xiàn)成員函數(shù)geta()取得a的值和getb()取b的值。實(shí)現(xiàn)類B從A繼承，覆蓋geta()，使其返回a的2倍。主函數(shù)中聲明類B對(duì)象，調(diào)用類B中的geta()并將結(jié)果輸出。#include"iostream"usingnamespacestd;classAprivate:inta;intb;public:A(intm,intn)a=m;b=n;intgeta()returna;intgetb()returnb;classB:publicApublic:B(intm,intn):A(m,n)intgeta()returnA:geta()*2;voidmain()Bb(2

49、,2);cout<<b.geta()<<endl;return0;3、聲明抽象基類Shape，由它派生出3個(gè)派生類：Cirle(圓形)、Rectangle(矩形)、Triangle(三角形)，用一個(gè)函數(shù)printArea分別輸出以上三者的面積，3個(gè)圖形的數(shù)據(jù)在定義對(duì)象是給定。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;/定義抽象基類ShapeclassShapepublic:virtualdoublearea()const=0;/純虛函數(shù);/定義Circle類classCircle:publicShapepublic:Circle

50、(doubler):radius(r)/結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)virtualdoublearea()constreturn3.14159*radius*radius;/定義虛函數(shù)protected:doubleradius;/半徑；/定義Rectangle類classRectangle:publicShapepublic:Rectangle(doublew,doubleh):width(w),height(h)virtualdoublearea()constreturnwidth*height;protected:doublewidth,height;/寬與高;classTriangle:publicSha

51、pepublic:Triangle(doublew,doubleh):width(w),height(h)virtualdoublearea()constreturn0.5*width*height;結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)/定義虛函數(shù)/結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)/定義虛函數(shù)protected:doublewidth,height;/輸出面積的函數(shù)/寬與咼voidprintArea(constShape&s)cout<<s.area()<<endl;intmain()Circlecircle(12.6);cout<<"areaofcircle="printArea(circle);Rectanglerectangle(4.5,8.4);cout<<"areaofrectan