中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十四：完形填空的考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2011屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)十四：完形填空的考點(diǎn)講解和訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)掃描】“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力?！巴晷翁羁铡鳖}要求填入的詞主要有：1. 語法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。2. 具有語法變化的普通詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。3. 固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。4. 同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。5. 根據(jù)上、下

2、文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。可見，完形填空是一種綜合性較強(qiáng)的題型。它的突出特點(diǎn)是起點(diǎn)高、容量大。只有具備了扎實(shí)的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。完形填空題的考查目的：1. 考查同學(xué)們閱讀理解能力。2. 考查同學(xué)們語法知識(shí)。3. 考查同學(xué)們綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的水平和實(shí)踐能力。【名師解難】 一、完形填空題的命題特點(diǎn)完形填空題是通過閱讀考查學(xué)生語言知識(shí)及語言知識(shí) 綜合運(yùn)用能力的一種測(cè)試形式。命題人在一段難度適度的文章中留出10個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的A, B, C, D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使補(bǔ)足的短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。完形填空是介于單項(xiàng)填空和閱讀理解之間的一種題

3、型。可以說它是根據(jù)一篇文章所提供的情景進(jìn)行的選擇填空，也可以說它是在缺少個(gè)別單詞情況下的閱讀理解。完形填空既有對(duì)語法規(guī)則、習(xí)慣用法和詞語搭配的考查，又有對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：1、詞匯：此類題目考查的內(nèi)容是：近義詞的區(qū)別，詞語的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。近幾年中考題中的完型填空題考查的詞匯類別涉及到名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞和短語動(dòng)詞。2、語法：此類題目考查的是：各種語法規(guī)則在文章中的運(yùn)用。其中包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)，動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，介詞、數(shù)詞、代詞和連詞的用法，主謂一致，各種從句的用法等。3、結(jié)構(gòu)：此類題目考查的是：文章中間句子

4、與句子之間，段落與段落之間，上文與下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。從設(shè)空的類型看可分為三個(gè)層次：1、句子層次2、句組層次3、全篇層次設(shè)空的難度，從句子層次到句組層次，再到全篇層次，依次增加。分析近幾年陜西省的完形填空題，我們可以看出陜西省完形填空題的設(shè)空主要以句子層次為主，以句組層次為輔，幾乎沒有全篇層次題目。因此總體難度較低。二、完形填空的解題技巧前面我們已經(jīng)分析過，完形填空是在全面理解短文基礎(chǔ)上的選擇填空。因此做“完型填空”題應(yīng)遵循下列步驟：1、通讀全文，了解大意做這類題目是，首先應(yīng)該把文章通讀一遍，了解一下文章的大概內(nèi)容。千萬不要讀一句填一句，因?yàn)椤巴晷翁羁铡鳖}里所給的大多數(shù)選項(xiàng)填入單句后都可成立，

5、但從全文看又不可取。例如：A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurterfrækf:t 薰腸, a German food.You may hear “hot dog” 1 in other ways. People sometimes say “hot dog” to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say “Grea

6、t! I would love to go.” Or, you could say, “4 ! I would love to go.”People 5 use the expression to describe (描寫)someone who is a “show- off”, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a “hot dog”. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand,

7、 making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply3. A. if B. how C. when D. where4. A. Hot dog B. Dont worry

8、 C. Never mind D. Excuse me5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches如果不看后面的文章內(nèi)容，短文的第一個(gè)題所給第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都

9、可以填入空白處，不論是從語法的角度，還是從這個(gè)句子的意思完整的角度，都是能夠站得住腳的。但如果繼續(xù)看完這一段短文之后，你就會(huì)領(lǐng)悟到，“hot dog”在這里不是“被吃”，“被做”，“被拿”，而是“被使用”，只能選used。有些同學(xué)一拿到“完形填空”題，就著手去填，填到最后，才發(fā)現(xiàn)所選答案語全文的意思不符，不得不在從頭開始。費(fèi)時(shí)又費(fèi)力，還不易做準(zhǔn)確，這種方法是不可取的。2、瞻前顧后，逐步填空了解文章大意之后，就可逐步填空。 一般來說，文章后面所給的選擇答案可分三類：一類： 是語法正確，而意思不對(duì)；另一類：是意思正確，而語法錯(cuò)誤；第三類：是語法正確，意思也正確。在選擇答案時(shí)，一定要考慮到上下文的意

10、思，還要考慮到句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，盡量使選出的答案及復(fù)合語法又符合原文的意思。3、認(rèn)真復(fù)查，適當(dāng)調(diào)整填空全部做完以后，應(yīng)把短文從頭到尾再讀一遍，檢查一下填空以后的文章是否連貫，情節(jié)是否合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確。一般來說，如果意思連貫，情節(jié)合理，語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，就意味著選答沒有問題；如果發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)別填空使文章文理不通，語法結(jié)構(gòu)有問題，就說明選答不正確。對(duì)這樣的填空應(yīng)該認(rèn)真推敲，進(jìn)行調(diào)整。【中考范例】Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle(海龜). They b

11、egan to beat the turtle. Just at that time, a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 31 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 32 you to a wonderful palace now.”The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to th

12、e secret palace in the sea. When he 33 the palace, he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him 34 . He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 35 everything. After dinner, the king of th

13、e turtles said, “I am going to give you two boxes, 36 you can open only one.” “You mustnt open both. Dont forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one,” the young man promised(許諾). At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea. After he 37 , he opened the bigger one of th

14、e two boxes.38 the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “Im 39 now.” Then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too.” He could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face 40

15、an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.31. A. through B. away C. into D. out32. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite33. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away34. A. a very big dinner B. a very poor dinner C

16、. a very bad dinner D. a very small dinner35. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for36. A. so B. or C. but D. as37. A. went back to home B. was back home C. went back to the sea D.was back the sea38. A. To his surprising B. To ones surprisingC. To ones surprise D. To his surprise39.

17、 A. a poor man B. a rich manC. an old man D. a young man40. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked31. B 根據(jù)上下文判斷，那些孩子們應(yīng)該是跑走了。所以應(yīng)選away。32. D would like 之后應(yīng)接不定式，年輕人就了海龜?shù)拿?，海龜?yīng)是“邀請(qǐng)年輕人到宮殿去?！?3. C 到達(dá)某個(gè)地方應(yīng)用arrived at。34. A 按照邏輯，海龜國(guó)王要感謝他，必然設(shè)盛宴招待他。所以應(yīng)選a big dinner。35. A 海龜國(guó)王盛情招待他，所以他對(duì)一切都滿意。pleased wit

18、h everything表示的就是這個(gè)意思。36. C 海龜國(guó)王給了他兩個(gè)盒子，但只準(zhǔn)他打開一個(gè)。這里有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)選but。37. B 年輕人在海里見到了海龜國(guó)王，得到了兩個(gè)盒子以后，應(yīng)該回家，而不是回到海里。而回家應(yīng)是went back home。38. D 使他感到驚訝的是，用英語表示就是To his surprise。39. B 他得到了金子，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是a rich man。40.C 由于貪心，他的頭發(fā)變白了，臉“看起來”像八十多歲的老頭。 從2004年的完形填空題來看，難度不大，全部題目都屬于句子層次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短語的固定搭配，再多做一些精選的練習(xí)，做好

19、完形填空題是不難的?！緷M分演練】 (1)A very new, yung officer was at a railway station. He was on his way to visit his mother in    1 town. He wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of his train,   2   she could meet him at the   3   in her car. He looked at al

20、l his pockets, but   4   that he did not have the right money for the telephone, so he went on and looked   5   for someone to help him. At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Can you change the money   6  &

21、#160;me?”“Wait a moment,” the soldier   7  , and he began to put his hand in his  8   “Ill see whether I can help you.”“Dont you know how to speak to an officer?” the young officer said angrily “Now lets   9   again, Can you change the money for me?”

22、“No, sir,” the old soldier answered   10  .1Aother Bthe other Canother Done 2Aso Bso that Cbecause Dwhen 3Aplace Bstation Cstreet Dstop 4Aknew Bthought Cfound Dfound out 5Aup Bdown Caround Dinto 6Ato Bwith Cfor Dand 7Aanswered Bspoke Ctold Dsmiled 8Acoat Bhandbag Cwallet Dpocket 9Asta

23、rt Bto begin Cdoing Dask 10Aeasily Bfast Chappily Dquickly (2)One of Charlie Chaplins most famous films was “The Gold Rush” The film was set in California in the middle of the   1   century. At that time, gold was discovered in California and thousands of people   2

24、0;  there to look for gold, so it became   3   as “the gold rush” People said gold could   4   be picked up by washing sand from the river in a pan of water. This was known as “panning for gold”In the film, Chaplin and his friend are in California. So far

25、, they have been   5   in their search for gold and have no money at all. They   6   in a snow storm in a small wooden house. They have   7   They are so hungry that they   8   a pair of shoes, by boiling them in a pan o

26、f water. Chaplin sits down   9   the table and eats the shoe. He makes it seem as if this is one of the   10   meals that he has ever enjoyed.1.Anineteen Bninetieth Cnineteenth Dninth 2.Awent Bleft Cclimb Dfound 3.Afamous Bknown Cwonderful Dgreat 4.Ahard Beasi

27、ly Cdifficulty Dslowly 5.Aunhappy Bunsuccessfully Cunlucky Dunluckily 6.Ahave got Bmeet Care caught Dlive 7.Aa little food Bsome water Cnothing Dnothing to eat 8.Awear Bcook Cmake Dmend 9.Aat Bby Cnear Dbeside 10.Abiggest Bdearest Ccheapest Dmost delicious (3)Once there was a boy in Toronto. His nam

28、e was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very _1_ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people _2_ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be _3_ when he was a little older, and then they were going to _4_ these

29、pictures for a lot of money.Jimmy's pictures were quite different from other _5_ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on _6_ of it, and the other half was always _7_."That's very clever," everybody said. "_8_ other people have ever done that before."One day

30、somebody asked him, "Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, _9_ not on the top half?""Because I'm small," Jimmy said, "and my brushes (毛筆) can't _10_ very high."1. A.poor        B.sad&#

31、160;       C.glad     D.good2. A.bought      B.brought    C.sold     D.took3. A.different   B.clever     C.famous   D.rich4. A.buy   &#

32、160;     B.show       C.leave    D.sell5. A.men's       B.people's   C.boy's    D.child's6. A.half        B.part   

33、;    C.side     D.end7. A.full        B.empty      C.wrong    D.ready8. A.No          B.Some       C.Any  

34、;    D.Many9. A.then        B.and        C.but      D.or10. A.change      B.turn       C.pull     D.reach  (4)

35、"Jane, please let me borrow a dollar," Jenny asked as they stood in the school lunch. "I have one in my jacket, but I don't want to _1_ and lose my place.""OK," agreed Jane.Jane waited all day for Jenny to _2_ back the dollar she borrowed, but Jenny seemed to be _3_

36、. "She's just forgotten," thought Jane. "I don't want to _4_ her angry." Still, her money didn't go far. Some classmates, like Jenny, were getting five dollars a week.Weeks went by. At last Jane got up enough courage to tell her about the _5_."Oh, Jane, I forgot!

37、" Jenny said, "I'll _6_ the dollar tomorrow."The next day Jenny seemed to have forgotten again. During the noon hour Jane saw her _7_ sweets for Mary and Ann. Jenny saw Jane looking at her. _8_ she said something in a low voice to the other two girls. Jane felt _9_ and asked her t

38、eacher if she could go back to the classroom. In the classroom, Jane saw two new pencils in Jenny's desk. An _10_ came to her."Jenny's not kind lately, and anyway, she really owes me. A dollar doesn't mean anything to her, but it means a lot to me."1. A.stay   &#

39、160;   B.wait     C.leave     D.take2. A.return     B.lend     C.show      D.pay3. A.busy       B.happy    C.free    

40、60; D.sad4. A.let        B.make     C.keep      D.find5. A.money      B.lunch    C.place     D.classmate6. A.remember   B.bring    C.gi

41、ve      D.pass7. A.borrowing  B.making   C.selling   D.buying8. A.Even       B.Again    C.Then      D.Instead9. A.alone      B.sad   &#

42、160;  C.hungry    D.lucky10. A.end        B.answer   C.idea      D.excuse (5)Monday is the beginning of the week; it is the day most Americans like worst. The day they _1_ most is Saturday. Saturday is the _2_

43、of the workweek; it is the beginning of the weekend.Life is _3_ on the weekend; most Americans _4_ care of their houses, cars and gardens. They sleep _5_ in the morning. They enjoy the feeling that the time _6_ to move more slowly.The workweek is for things you _7_ to do; the weekend is for things y

44、ou _8_ to do. Some people may get in a car for a _9_ in the country. They like to take part in a sports activity out of doors. And on Saturday night they might go to public eating _10_ or a film.1. A.like     B.dislike     C.spend    D.leave2. A

45、.middle   B.beginning   C.end      D.day3. A.worse    B.difficult   C.better   D.different4. A.make     B.take        C.look     D.pick5. A.earli

46、er  B.later       C.faster   D.shorter6. A.decides  B.wants       C.spends   D.seems7. A.enjoy    B.hate        C.have     D.find8. A.l

47、ike     B.start       C.get      D.check9. A.drive    B.walk        C.fishing  D.washing10.A.place    B.house       C.room

48、60;    D.apartment (6)In the old days, in London, the smog was very thick. Car and bus drivers _1_ to drive very slowly. They _2_ saw the road in front of them even during the daytime. People did not like going out in the smog. _3_ they had to go out, they wore "smogmask" ov

49、er their faces.In December 1952, a very _4_ dark cloud came down over London. It was the _5_ smog Londoners had ever had. _6_ of it was bad factory smoke. Nearly fifty people died in road accidents. But many more people became unhealthy. The smog was very _7_ for old people and children. One man sai

50、d, "The streets were almost _8_ because people stayed at home as much as possible. The air was very thick, and you could almost cut it with a knife."After three weeks, the smog began to _9_. But in the following weeks and months over 4000 people died as a _10_ of the smog.1. A.hurried 

51、;    B.stayed   C.had       D.stopped2. A.easily      B.hardly   C.already   D.freely3. A.If          B.So       C.Though

52、0;   D.Because4. A.clear       B.thick    C.thin      D.small5. A.hottest     B.nicest   C.worst     D.best6. A.Much        B.Many 

53、0;   C.A few     D.A little7. A.favourite   B.strong   C.dangerous D.weak8. A.empty       B.full     C.dirty     D.clean9. A.remember    B.forget   C.

54、arrive    D.lift10. A.part        B.usual    C.end       D.result (7)Mother's day is a holiday for mothers. It is celebrated in the United States, England, Sweden, India, Mexico and any other _1_. Litt

55、le by little, it _2_ widely celebrated.Mother's day falls on the second Sunday in May. _3_, many people send _4_ of love to their mothers. Those whose mothers are still living _5_ a pink or red rose, while those whose mothers are _6_ wear a white one.The _7_ of a day for mothers was first given

56、by Miss Ana Jarvis of Philadelphia. As a result of her hard work, the celebration for the first American Mother's Day _8_ in Philadelphia on May 10, 1908. Soon the _9_ became popular all over the _10_ and around the world.1. A.homes          

57、0; B.schools         C.countries   D.cities2. A.gives            B.becomes         C.stays       D.begins3. A.For a long time

58、  B.In the morning  C.At a time   D.On that day4. A.presents         B.things          C.hello       D.calls5. A.put        &

59、#160;     B.take            C.wear        D.dress6. A.ill              B.healthy       

60、60; C.dead        D.busy7. A.idea             B.plan            C.need        D.meeting8. A.held   &

61、#160;         B.was holding     C.was held    D.is he.ld9. 64.day                B.holiday         C.month

62、0;      D.time10. A.country          B.America         C.place       D.England (8)The ideal (理想的) teacher may be young or old, tall or short, fat or thin. He sh

63、ould _1_ his subject very well and like learning something about other subjects. The ideal teacher must be full of strong feelings of wonder or interest. He must _2_ teach anything he himself is not _3_ in. He should be like a man who can act and should not be afraid to _4_ his feelings and tell oth

64、er people what he likes and what he doesn't like clearly. He must like his students and respect them, and he must also respect himself and be proud of his work. _5_ he doesn't, he cannot respect his students and _6_ respect from them. The ideal teacher should have an _7_ of his students and

65、be able to get on well with them. He needs students' understanding, too. The ideal teacher should be kind and _8_ and he should give hope to his students to learn knowledge. The ideal teacher should see his students' _9_ so that he can know how to encourage the growth of _10_ of his students

66、. The ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and makes himself better along with his students.So what about the teacher around you?1. A.like   B.know   C.choose       D.remember2.A.never  B.ever   C.even    &#

67、160;    D.still3. A.weak   B.well   C.interested   D.strict4. A.hold   B.show   C.pass         D.keep5. A.Since  B.As     C.If      

68、60;    D.Because6. A.give   B.lose   C.change       D.win7. 72.A.understanding   B.idea         C.exercise   D.excuse8.A.forgetful       B.helpfu

69、l      C.quick      D.lucky9. A.lists           B.mistakes     C.cards      D.differences10.A.each         

70、60;  B.every        C.one        D.either (9)Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches. Every year water sports, especially surfing and water skiing attract 1 tourists to the island.Hawaii has ben a magical name to people who like to travel 2 many years. People on 3 sides of the Pacific Ocean（太平洋), in Japan and in America, dream of 4 these beautiful islands in the middle of the ocean. In the tropical（熱帶的) lands, the sun drops like a ball of golden fire in