面向?qū)ο缶幊?OOP

1、面向?qū)ο缶幊蹋∣OP）的基本概念類與對象(Class & Objects)uWhy OOP? The way complex systems work.uOOP basic ideasabstraction （抽象）, encapsulation（封裝）, inheritance（繼承） & composition（組合）, polymorphism（多態(tài)）uclasses & objectsuconstructors and destructors（構(gòu)造與析構(gòu)）ucomposition（組合）uclass templates（類模板）uUML (Unified Mod

2、eling Language)Why OOP?uBecause its the way complex systems worku算法編程u結(jié)構(gòu)化編程u面向?qū)ο缶幊蘵Everything is an object. Every object has its own functionalities and properties.u總結(jié)（抽象）出每一個Object的功能和屬性，使用這些功能和屬性。u好處：Object庫，標準化，部件化，產(chǎn)業(yè)化。Abstraction & Encapsulationu所有的東西（object）都可以定義u抽象（Abstraction）：總結(jié)出objects的

3、共同屬性和功能 u封裝（Encapsulation）： 把Objects的屬性和功能數(shù)字化，組裝成一個整體（類）。繼承（派生）與組合u繼承（派生），可以以一個類為出發(fā)點，改裝補充生成另一個類u組合，用已有的類拼裝成一個新類多態(tài)（polymorphism）u自然語言中詞語的多義性u類成員或函數(shù)同名但功能不同u繼承過來的函數(shù)可以重新定義u函數(shù)重載u虛函數(shù)classes & objectsuclass: abstraction. an encapsulation, a definition, with data and behaviors，對象的定義，描述，抽象的對象uobject: an

4、instance, an example, a materialization, 一個具體的對象uinterface: tells what kind of request can be made for a specific object, 可以要求對象作什么class declarationuclass declaration looks like a derived type (structure), with functions and member protection.uclass Clock/時鐘類的定義public:/外部接口，公有成員函數(shù)void SetTime(int Ne

5、wH=0, int New M=0, int New S=0);void ShowTime();private:/私有數(shù)據(jù)成員int Hour,Minute,Second;class declaration (cont.)uvoid Clock:SetTime(int NewH, int NewM, int NewS)uuHour=NewH;uMinute=NewM;uSecond=NewS;uuinline void Clock:ShowTime()uucoutHour:Minute:Secondendl;uclass member access controlupublic, 到處都可以用

6、uprivate, 只有本類的定義里面可以用uprotected (half private), 本類和派生類中可以用uinterface, public access scheme，可以使用那些功能u(friend)成員函數(shù)member functionsudeclare inside class definition, can be defined in or outside class.umember function with default argumentsuinline member functions類聲明內(nèi)定義聲明外定義加inline關(guān)鍵詞delcaration of objectsuclass_name object_name;umember access:object_name.public_member;object_name.pub_func(vars);uexample上機練習(xí)u理解和運行書上的時鐘類例子u教材4-9，4-11，4-14u定義一個分