為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù)

1、Unit 5 GrammarEllipsis為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù)為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù),我們要怎樣做呢我們要怎樣做呢?本單元我們將接觸一種新的語(yǔ)本單元我們將接觸一種新的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象法現(xiàn)象省略為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可以省略。省略可分些成分有時(shí)可以省略。省略可分為以下幾種情況：為以下幾種情況：Grammar Ellipsis (省略）省略）1) (You) Come in, please.2) (I) See you tomorrow.3) (I) Thank you for your help.4) (I) Beg your pardon.簡(jiǎn)單句中的

2、省略簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1. 省略主語(yǔ)省略主語(yǔ): 祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略省略;其他省略主語(yǔ)的情況多限于少其他省略主語(yǔ)的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法。數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法。1) (It) Sounds a good idea.2) (Will you) Have a smoke?3) (Would you like) Something to drink?4) (You come) This way, please.2. 省略主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分省略主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分可以省略賓語(yǔ)的全部可以省略賓語(yǔ)的全部;可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式, 只保只保留留to,但如果該賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)

3、詞但如果該賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞be或完成或完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài),則須在則須在to后加上后加上be或或have。3. 省略賓語(yǔ)省略賓語(yǔ)1) -Do you know Miss Hu? -I dont know (her).2) Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).3) -Are you a teacher? -No, but I want to be (a teacher).4) -He hasnt finished the task. -Well, he ought to have (finish it).1)-Are you

4、thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).2) His brother isnt lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).4. 省略表語(yǔ)省略表語(yǔ)1) - Are you feeling better now? - (Im feeling) Better (now).2) - When did you read the novel? - (I read it) Long ago.3) Lets meet at the school gate as the same as (we met) yesterday.5. 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)句子成分同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)句子成分兩

5、個(gè)并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分一分句中相同的部分1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.3) Lins father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1) (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.2) (Its a) Pity that y

6、ou missed such a good chance.主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略1. 主句中有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被省略主句中有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被省略They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).2. 省略從句中與主句相同的部分省略從句中與主句相同的部分3. 主句與從句各有一些成分被省略主句與從句各有一些成分被省略1. 連詞的連詞的that省略省略(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略tha

7、t, 但多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)但多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句并列時(shí)從句并列時(shí), 通常只省略第一個(gè)通常只省略第一個(gè)thatHe said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.(2)在定語(yǔ)從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中that在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能省略在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能省略The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.其他省略其他省略2. 在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或者從句主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)一致或者從句主語(yǔ)為it，且從句謂語(yǔ)部分有且從句謂語(yǔ)部分有be動(dòng)

8、詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí),可省去可省去“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+be”部分部分1 When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.2 As (he was) a child, he lived in India.3 If (you are) asked you may come in.4 Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.3. 不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào)to的省略的省略(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a mom

9、ent. (2) help 當(dāng)當(dāng)“幫助幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓講時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶?？蓭Э刹粠А?I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it.(3)介詞介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞前若有動(dòng)詞do, 后面不定式不后面不定式不帶帶to。 The boy did nothing but play.(4) 某些使役動(dòng)詞某些使役動(dòng)詞（let, make, have）及及感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, liste

10、n to等）等）后面后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。復(fù)原。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.The boss made us work 12 hours a day.We were made to work 12 hours a day. (5) 主語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語(yǔ)的后面作表語(yǔ)的不定式的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。可帶可不帶。 What we can do now is

11、 (to) wait. (6) find 當(dāng)當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓語(yǔ)講時(shí)，后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶?？蓭Э刹粠А?We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。，則不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest. 4.條件從句中有條件從句中有should, were或或had時(shí)時(shí), ,可可以省略以省略if, ,但要將但要將should, were或或had提至提至句首。句首。If I were you, I would

12、 give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again

13、.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?Now its your turn to find out what have been left out. 1. Havent seen you for ages. 2. Some more tea? 3. Sounds like a good idea. I havent seen you for ages.Would you like some more tea?That/It sounds like a go

14、od idea.It doesnt matter.Im sorry to hear that. 4. Doesnt matter. 5. Sorry to hear that. 6. Pity you couldnt come 7. This way, please.Its / What a pity you couldnt come. Step / Come this way, please. 8. Terrible weather! 9. Joining us for a drink? 10. Going to the supermarket?What terrible weather i

15、t is!Are you joining us for a drink? Are you going to the supermarket?Choose the best answers.1)-Tomorrow is a holiday. Why areyou doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. to2)-Shall I invite Ann to my birthdayparty tomorrow evenin

16、g? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can C. invite D. do3)- Arent you the manager? - No, and I_ A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont want4)-Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be glad to5)- Wont you have another try? - _. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I wont have C. Yes, I wont D. Yes, I will 6)-I wont do it any more. -_? A