新目標(biāo)綜合教程3 unit2 課后練習(xí)答案

1、1 1Noun to verb conversionNoun to verb conversion2 2Verb + for ConstructionVerb + for Construction3 3Verb + on ConstructionVerb + on Construction4 4Translation of attributive clausesTranslation of attributive clauses5 5Translation of culture-loadedTranslation of culture-loadedexpressionsexpressionsU

2、seful expressionsUseful expressions6 6Language in UseNoun to verb conversion1) 2)3) Examples4) Exercise Knowledge of noun to verb conversion Noun to verb conversion in the textLanguage in UseNoun to verb conversion On a hot September afternoon, four hundred students crashed into a small classroom, l

3、ooking for seats on the long rows that curved around like giant horseshoes. (Para. 1)1) Noun to verb conversion in the text He clipped on a lavaliere microphone and cleared his throat. (Para. 2) A soft murmur rippled across the room as students turned from side to side and whispered expressions of d

4、isbelief. (Para. 4) to form a curveto fasten with a clipto spread like a rippleLanguage in UseNoun to verb conversion You will not be whipped in the public square if you dont. (Para. 4 ) 1) Noun to verb conversion in the text We have to get excited about probing a vast array of subjects and discipli

5、nes. (Para. 12) to beat with a whipto explore or examine with a probeLanguage in UseNoun to verb conversion2) Knowledge of “noun to verb conversion”Noun to verb conversion is one of the most productive ways, with the meaning:1. “to act as or like N”2. “to give N”3. “to send/go by N”4. “to with N”5.

6、“to put in/on N” 6. “to make/change into N”7. “to deprive of N”Language in UseNoun to verb conversion3) Examples （一）動(dòng)物名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為有該動(dòng)物習(xí)性特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)作 to act likeape to ape: to imitate like an ape (模仿)dog to dog: to follow or hunt like a dog (尾隨，追蹤)monkey to monkey (with): to mimic, play mischievous tricks like a

7、 monkey (胡鬧，瞎弄)Language in UseNoun to verb conversion3) Examples （一）動(dòng)物名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為有該動(dòng)物習(xí)性特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)作 to act likebull to bull: to push forcefully like a bull (用力推，擠); to scare sb. by using ones strength like a bull (嚇唬，威脅)Language in UseNoun to verb conversion3) Examples （二）人體部位和動(dòng)植物組成部分的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具有其形象特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)詞 to with

8、finger to finger: to feel or handle with fingers (觸摸某物)shoulder to shoulder: to carry sth. with the shoulders (扛、擔(dān)、掮（某物）)elbow to elbow: to push ones way with the elbows (用肘強(qiáng)行開(kāi)路)Language in UseNoun to verb conversion3) Examples （二）人體部位和動(dòng)植物組成部分的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具有其形象特點(diǎn)的行為動(dòng)詞 to withpeel to peel: to remove the pee

9、l from(削掉的皮)core to core: to take cores out of (去的核) Language in UseNoun to verb conversion（三）自然現(xiàn)象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表示以其性質(zhì)為特征的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞 to likeThey stormed the speaker with questions. 他們猛烈質(zhì)問(wèn)演講者。storm: to speak violently like a stormMisfortunes have rained heavily upon the old man. 不幸總是無(wú)情地落在這位老人身上。rain: to fall like r

10、ain3) Examples Language in UseNoun to verb conversion（三）自然現(xiàn)象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表示以其性質(zhì)為特征的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞 to likeHis refusal iced our enthusiasm. 他的拒絕冷卻了我們的熱情。ice: to freeze like ice3) Examples Language in UseNoun to verb conversion（四）工具名稱的動(dòng)詞化 to work/do with, to put into, to give sb. sth. 3) Examples hammer to hammer: to st

11、rike with a hammer (用錘子敲)needle to needle: to push ones way like a needle (摩肩接踵)helicopter to helicopter: to travel by helicopter (坐直升飛機(jī)旅行)Language in UseNoun to verb conversion（四）工具名稱的動(dòng)詞化 to work/do with, to put into, to give sb. sth. 3) Examples telegram to telegram: to send sb. a telegram (打電報(bào))cl

12、othe to clothe: to give clothes to sb. (給某人穿衣)cage to cage: to put into a cage (用籠裝)corner to corner: to put into a corner (使某人走投無(wú)路)Language in UseNoun to verb conversion（五）社會(huì)人物 to act as or like3) Examples tutor to tutor: to act as or like a tutor to (當(dāng)?shù)慕處?、輔導(dǎo))father to father: to act as or like the

13、 father of (當(dāng)父親，像父親般對(duì)待)boss to boss: to act as or like a boss to (當(dāng)?shù)睦习?、像老板般?duì)待)coach to coach: to act as or like a coach to (當(dāng)?shù)慕叹?、如教練般?duì)待)Language in UseNoun to verb conversion4) Exercise Complete the following sentences with appropriate words. Make changes where necessary. Language in UseNoun to verb

14、 conversion4) Exercise summer showcase crane father radio parrot blanket snowball1) From windows heads were _ for a view of the parade.2) He doesnt have all idea of his own. He just _ what other people say.3) The law now generally presumes that the husband is the legal father if his wife has the chi

15、ld, even if he didnt _ it. craningparrotsfatherLanguage in UseNoun to verb conversion4) Exercise summer showcase crane father radio parrot blanket snowball4) Heavy smog _ the city.5) She fully _ her talents in the reality show.6) The more you try to avoid a problem, the more heavily it _ and finally

16、 overwhelms you.blanketsshowcasedsnowballsLanguage in UseNoun to verb conversion4) Exercise summer showcase crane father radio parrot blanket snowball7) In the airport, the anxious mother _ for her missing child.8) The family _ at a peaceful mountainous resort.radioedsummeredLanguage in Use1) “Verb

17、+ for” construction in the text 2) Knowledge of “for” after verbs 3) Exercise 6 Verb + for ConstructionLanguage in Use1) Verb + for construction in the text On a hot September afternoon, four hundred students crashed into a small classroom, looking for seats on the long rows that curved around like

18、giant horseshoes. (Para. 1) If you do,” he concluded, “come back on Wednesday, and prepare for the ride of a lifetime. (Para. 7)Verb + for ConstructionLanguage in Use2) Knowledge of “for after verbs for: (1) When expressing purpose, aim, intention, or destination, “for” often follows verbs indicatin

19、g desires, wishes or directions.look for seek for search for apply for plea forlong for thirst for strive for fight for grope for feel for vote for sail for depart fore.g.apply for approval/scholarshipstrive for success/quality lifevote for the candidate/the reformVerb + for ConstructionLanguage in

20、Use2) Knowledge of “for after verbs for:(2) When expressing in place of, instead of, or representing, “for” tends to follow verbs indicating substitute, equivalent, or compensation.stand for act for compensate for exchange for trade for substitute fore.g.stand for justice/freedomcompensate for high

21、costs/currency risktrade for fairness/profitsVerb + for ConstructionLanguage in Use2) Knowledge of “for after verbs for:(3) When expressing cause or reason, “for” usually follows verbs indicating attitudes or moods.weep for blame for denounce for thank for appreciate for criticize for apologize for

22、applaud fore.g.blame for the devastation/the delayappreciate for generosity/mercyapplaud for the performance/her courageVerb + for ConstructionLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 Complete each sentence with a “verb + for” construction in the box below. Make changes where necessary. Refer to a dictionary if

23、 needed.applaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forVerb + at ConstructionLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 1) He has come across in his research a tricky question, which left him _ an answer in the darkness.2) We can acknowledge that oppression will alway

24、s be with us, and still _ justice.groping forstrive forVerb + at Constructionapplaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 3) The newly-elected President won media compliments for his commitment to sustainable development; f

25、or example, he was _ _ his support of clean, green and renewable energy.applaudedforVerb + at Constructionapplaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 4) Gas has become so cheap that it can be _ coal as an electricity-gener

26、ating fuel.5) Greater GDP growth also would hardly _ the massive losses in lives and national wealth.substituted forVerb + at Constructionapplaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forcompensate forLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 6) It has been believed th

27、at cowboys _ a simpler way of life and freedom without restraint.stand forVerb + at Constructionapplaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 7) “I would rather have my people laugh at my economies (節(jié)儉) than _ my extravaganc

28、e (奢侈),” said Oscar II, the Swedish king.weep forVerb + at Constructionapplaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forLanguage in Use3) Exercise 6 8) Now that the new school fell down, it was crucial to make out whether faulty design or poor construction

29、 was to _ the collapse (坍塌), and it was equally vital to rebuild a new quality school as soon as possible.blame forVerb + at Constructionapplaud for weep for strive for blame for compensate for substitute . for stand for grope forLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction1) Verb + on construction in the

30、text2) Knowledge of “on” after verbs3) Micro-lecture4) Exercise 7 Language in UseVerb + on Construction1) Verb + on construction in the textHe clipped on a lavaliere microphone and cleared his throat. (Para. 2)They believe that if you want to do well in an increasingly specialized world, you must co

31、ncentrate on a single area and become an expert in that field, forsaking all other subjects. (Para. 8)Language in UseVerb + on Construction1) Verb + on construction in the textThey dismiss as meaningless anything about higher learning that doesnt center on training someone to do a task that would ma

32、ke them money. (Para. 10)To grow on the ideas and creations of others, we must encounter them, and to do so, we must explore the great works of the mind found in the arts, sciences, mathematics, philosophies, and historical perspectives. (Para. 12)Language in UseVerb + on Constructionon: (1) When ex

33、pressing aspect or direction, “on” often follows verbs indicating directing thoughts or actions.center on focus on concentrate on press on force on impose one.g.focus on solutions/your goalpress a label on a trunk; press wine and food on a guestimpose duties on tobacco and wines; impose the wish on

34、the kid2) Knowledge of on after verbsLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction2) Knowledge of on after verbs(2) When expressing basis, dependence, reliance, or subsistence, “on” often follows verbs indicating placing or relying. base on pride oneself on depend on rely on count on hang on rest on insist

35、on live on feed one.g.rely on the experience/ones instinct insist on the original demand/self-reliancelive on plain food/ones parentsLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction(3) When expressing concerning or with regard to, “on” often keeps company with verbs indicating expressing. agree on decide on co

36、mment on elaborate on compliment on congratulate one.g.decide on the date of departure/the careerelaborate on the significance/the detailscompliment on the design/his good behavior2) Knowledge of on after verbsLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction3) Micro-lecture Watch the following micro-lecture to

37、 learn more about “Verb + Preposition” construction.Language in UseVerb + on Construction4) Exercise 7 Complete each sentence with a “verb + on” construction in the box below. Make changes where necessary. Refer to a dictionary if needed.Language in UseVerb + on Construction4) Exercise 7 1) Occasion

38、ally auctions (拍賣) contain items so interesting that critics in newspapers _ their quality, not just the prices they might fetch.2) Before _ a satisfactory tour route, a traveler is highly advised to read some elite (精華的) travel tips as well as visit some official websites of the destination.decidin

39、g oncomment elaborate on comment on rely on concentrate on impose on act on decide on feed ononLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction4) Exercise 7 3) Although he briefly admitted to being unfaithful to his wife, he didnt _ his marital (婚姻的) flaws.4) Numerous forces have been _ physicians (內(nèi)科醫(yī)生) to ma

40、ke them change their practice behaviors.imposed on elaborate on comment on rely on concentrate on impose on act on decide on feed onelaborate onLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction4) Exercise 7 5) Environmentalists have long said the world should _ preventing climate change, not adapting to it.6) A

41、 companys success is likely to be affected by how much the company _ the feedback it has gathered. elaborate on comment on rely on concentrate on impose on act on decide on feed onconcentrate onacts onLanguage in UseVerb + on Construction4) Exercise 7 7) Economists say that the economic weakness and

42、 the stock markets wild swings have begun to _ themselves.8) She was accountable to (對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)) no one and was no longer _ by anyone. elaborate on comment on rely on concentrate on impose on act on decide on feed onfeed onrelied onLanguage in UseAttributive clauses can state reasons, results, additional i

43、nformation, etc. In such cases, they are often translated as independent sentences in Chinese.Attributive clauses1) Examples2) Exercise 8Language in Use1) Examples:Compare the two versions of translation. Attributive clauses This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.a. 這本我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)三遍的小說(shuō)

44、很動(dòng)人。b. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 Toward evening, we stopped at an inn, where we passed the night.a. 傍晚，我們停在一家我們?cè)谀抢镞^(guò)了夜的旅店。b. 傍晚，我們停留在一家酒店，在那里過(guò)了夜。Language in Use1) Examples:Attributive clauses Were living in a remarkable time, when it will soon be impossible to be truly alone.a. 我們生活在一個(gè)真正的獨(dú)處很快將難以企及的非凡的年代b. 我們生

45、活在一個(gè)非凡的年代，在這個(gè)年代里，真正的獨(dú)處很快將難以企及。Compare the two versions of translation. Language in Use1) Examples:Attributive clauses It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your grandfather.a. 是他接到了那封說(shuō)你祖父已經(jīng)去世的信。b. 是他接到了那封信，說(shuō)你的祖父已經(jīng)去世。 Compare the two versions of translation. Language in Use2) E

46、xercise 8Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Pay attention to the translation of the underlined attributive clauses.Attributive clausesLanguage in Use2) Exercise 81) Within a few minutes, he had unfurled a brief history of liberal education, and told them that “l(fā)iberal” came from the Lat

47、in for “free”, and it was the kind of schooling that free children (as opposite to slaves) received in the ancient world. (Para. 6)接下來(lái)的幾分鐘里，他簡(jiǎn)要介紹了通識(shí)教育的發(fā)展歷史，告訴學(xué)生們“通識(shí)”一詞來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)，意為“自由”，這種學(xué)校教育在古代只有自由的小孩（而非奴隸）才能享受。Attributive clausesLanguage in Use2) Exercise 82) In the modern version, students explored a

48、host of disciplines from the sciences to the humanities, taking a deep approach to important issues that those disciplines could help them address. (Para. 6)現(xiàn)代的通識(shí)教育讓學(xué)生接觸許多理工和人文學(xué)科，這些學(xué)科知識(shí)有助于深入探求人生重大問(wèn)題的答案。Attributive clausesLanguage in Use2) Exercise 83) They dismiss as meaningless anything about highe

49、r learning that doesnt center on training someone to do a task that would make them money. (Para. 10)他們認(rèn)為，高等教育如果不以培訓(xùn)學(xué)生做事掙錢為核心，就是毫無(wú)意義的。Attributive clausesLanguage in Use2) Exercise 84) If we are to understand what our subjects did that enabled them to fashion such highly productive and creative lives

50、, we must appreciate why they valued a broad education before specializing in one or two fields. (Para. 11)Attributive clausesLanguage in Use2) Exercise 8如果想弄清我們的調(diào)查對(duì)象究竟做了什么成就了極富成效與創(chuàng)造力的人生，我們就必須理解為什么他們?nèi)绱酥匾曉谶x定專業(yè)領(lǐng)域之前所接受的通識(shí)教育。Attributive clausesLanguage in Use2) Exercise 85) They understood education as

51、a developmental process in which they sought to grow the power of their minds, and that too influenced the kind of learning they attempted. (Para. 13)他們把教育理解為一種成長(zhǎng)歷程，在此過(guò)程中，他們致力于思維能力的提升，這樣一種理解也影響到了他們所嘗試的學(xué)習(xí)方向。Attributive clausesLanguage in UseCulture-loaded expressions1) Examples in the translation ofc

52、ulture-loaded expressions2) Exercise 9Language in Use1)Examples in the translation of culture-loaded expressionsCulture-loaded words refer to those words or phrases which convey a certain kind of cultural connotations or associations which may or may not be found in other languages or cultures. Four

53、 major methods of translation would be illustrated here by means of examples.Culture-loaded expressions(1) literal translation (直譯)(2) transliteration (音譯)(3) corresponding translation (借譯)(4) liberal translation (意譯)Language in Use(1) Literal translation (直譯直譯) 紙老虎 東方之珠 一國(guó)兩制 一帶一路Culture-loaded expr

54、essionspaper tigerthe oriental pearlone country with two systemsone belt and one road Language in Use(1) Literal translation (直譯直譯)Culture-loaded expressionsTip:Sometimes additional remarks would be added in order to make the literal translation better understood. For example:呂新華表示，在反腐斗爭(zhēng)中，發(fā)現(xiàn)一起查處一起，發(fā)

55、現(xiàn)多少查處多少，沒(méi)有不受查處的“鐵帽子王鐵帽子王”。Lyu said that in fighting corruption its important to deal with any and all of it. There will be no “iron-cap princes” that have immunity, he said. Language in Use(2) Transliteration (音譯音譯) 磕頭 功夫 秀才 牌樓 琵琶Culture-loaded expressionskowtowkungfuxiucaipailoupipaLanguage in UseC

56、ulture-loaded expressionsTip:It is very common for transliteration to be used together with literal or liberal translation, sometimes also with additional remarks. For example:巴蜀文化 the Bashu culture in Sichuan Province(2) Transliteration (音譯音譯) Language in UseCulture-loaded expressions 潑冷水 隔墻有耳 渾水摸魚(yú)

57、 腳踏實(shí)地 新官上任三把火 (3) Corresponding translation (套譯套譯) pour cold water onThe walls have ears.fish in troubled watersdown-to-earthA new broom sweeps clean. Language in UseCulture-loaded expressions 一五一十(4) Liberal translation (意譯意譯) 望子成龍 班門弄斧 東施效顰 海內(nèi)存知己，天涯若比鄰。in full detailshope ones children will have a bright futuredisplay ones slight skills before an expertcrude imitationA bosom friend afar brings distance near.Language in Use2) Exercise 9 Translate into English the following paragraph about the imperial examination system in ancient China.Culture-load