顱骨及其連結(jié)(1)備課講稿

1、顱骨及其連結(jié)(1)一、顱的組成一、顱的組成（一）腦顱（一）腦顱 cranial bones共共23塊（聽小骨未計(jì)入）塊（聽小骨未計(jì)入）以眶上緣和外耳門上緣為界分腦顱和面顱兩部。以眶上緣和外耳門上緣為界分腦顱和面顱兩部。不成對的：不成對的：額骨額骨 篩骨篩骨 蝶骨蝶骨 枕骨枕骨成對的：成對的：顳骨顳骨 頂骨頂骨Locomotor SystemLocomotor System3 3bones of the skullbones of the faceabove the orbitsbelow the earsbase of the skullLocomotor SystemLocomotor Sy

2、stem4 4篩骨篩骨 ethmoid bone篩板篩板垂直板垂直板篩骨迷路篩骨迷路蝶骨蝶骨 sphenoid bone小翼、大翼、翼突、體小翼、大翼、翼突、體前面觀前面觀體小翼大翼翼突眶上裂蝶竇口顳骨顳骨 temporal boneLocomotor SystemLocomotor System8 8額骨額骨 frontal bone額鱗額鱗眶部眶部鼻部鼻部Locomotor SystemLocomotor System9 9枕骨枕骨 occipital bone（二）面顱（二）面顱 facial bones facial bones ( (內(nèi)臟顱內(nèi)臟顱 visceral cranium)v

3、isceral cranium)共共15塊。塊。不成對的：犁骨不成對的：犁骨 下頜骨下頜骨 舌骨舌骨成對的：上頜骨成對的：上頜骨 腭骨腭骨 顴骨顴骨 鼻骨鼻骨 淚骨淚骨 下鼻甲下鼻甲Locomotor SystemLocomotor System1111frontal bonezygomatic bone (forms the prominence of the cheek)sphenoid bonemaxilla(holds the upper teeth)foramina for sensory nerve of the mid-face下頜骨下頜骨 mandible一體兩支：一體兩支：下

4、頜體、下頜支、下頜角、冠突、髁突、下頜體、下頜支、下頜角、冠突、髁突、下頜頭、下頜頸、咬肌粗隆、翼肌粗隆、頦棘、頦隆凸、下頜頭、下頜頸、咬肌粗隆、翼肌粗隆、頦棘、頦隆凸、頦孔、下頜孔頦孔、下頜孔Locomotor SystemLocomotor System1313mandibleneck of condylecoronoid processramusanglebodymental process (chin)FRACTURES OF THE MANDIBLE舌骨舌骨 hyoid bone大角大角小角小角體體上頜骨上頜骨 maxilla一體四突：上頜體、顴突、腭突、牙槽突、額突一體四突：上頜體

5、、顴突、腭突、牙槽突、額突( (三）顱的整體觀三）顱的整體觀 顱前面觀 眶 骨性鼻腔 骨性口腔Locomotor SystemLocomotor System1717frontal bonezygomatic bone (forms the prominence of the cheek)sphenoid bonemaxilla(holds the upper teeth)foramina for sensory nerve of the mid-face眶上孔眶上孔眶下孔眶下孔視神經(jīng)管視神經(jīng)管眶上裂眶上裂眶下裂眶下裂眶下溝眶下溝左側(cè)眶左側(cè)眶: :四壁一尖四壁一尖左側(cè)骨性鼻腔外側(cè)壁左側(cè)骨性鼻腔

6、外側(cè)壁蝶竇蝶竇篩竇篩竇額竇額竇上頜竇上頜竇上鼻甲上鼻甲下鼻甲下鼻甲額竇額竇蝶竇（右側(cè)）蝶竇（右側(cè)）篩竇篩竇蝶竇（左側(cè)）蝶竇（左側(cè)）上頜竇上頜竇下鼻甲下鼻甲左側(cè)鼻旁竇左側(cè)鼻旁竇2. 顱側(cè)面觀翼點(diǎn)翼點(diǎn) pterionpterionLocomotor SystemLocomotor System2222frontalparietaltemporalsphenoidLocomotor SystemLocomotor System2323the middle meningeal arteryLateral skull radiograph showing the vascular markings of

7、 the middle meningeal arteryLocomotor SystemLocomotor System2424frontal boneparietal boneoccipital bonetemporal bonemastoid processstyloid processzygomatic processexternal auditory meatus (sound waves)sphenoid bonecoronal suture The Skull Left Lateral View3. 顱頂面觀冠狀縫冠狀縫矢狀縫矢狀縫人字縫人字縫頂結(jié)節(jié)頂結(jié)節(jié)4. 4. 顱后面觀顱后面

8、觀枕外隆凸枕外隆凸矢狀縫矢狀縫人字縫人字縫頂結(jié)節(jié)頂結(jié)節(jié)Locomotor SystemLocomotor System2727occipital boneparietal boneparietal bonemastoid process of the temporal bonemastoid process of the temporal bonesagittal sutureThe Skull Posterior View5. 5. 顱下面觀顱下面觀Locomotor SystemLocomotor System2929occipital bonetemporal bonetemporal

9、bonesphenoid bone (wedge-shaped)bones of the face inferior viewbones of the skull - inferior viewLocomotor SystemLocomotor System3030occipital condylesoccipital bone(articulate with vertebra C1)foramen magnum (transmits spinal cord)Locomotor SystemLocomotor System3131顱底內(nèi)面顱底內(nèi)面顱前窩：顱前窩：雞冠、篩孔雞冠、篩孔顱中窩：顱中

10、窩：垂體窩、視神經(jīng)管垂體窩、視神經(jīng)管頸動(dòng)脈溝、破裂孔頸動(dòng)脈溝、破裂孔眶上裂、圓孔眶上裂、圓孔 、卵圓孔卵圓孔 、棘孔、棘孔、三叉神經(jīng)壓跡三叉神經(jīng)壓跡顱后窩：顱后窩：斜坡、枕骨大孔斜坡、枕骨大孔內(nèi)耳門、頸靜脈孔內(nèi)耳門、頸靜脈孔舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口（四）新生兒顱骨的特征（四）新生兒顱骨的特征腦顱比面顱大得多，為腦顱比面顱大得多，為7:17:1，而成人為，而成人為3:13:1顱囟顱囟 cranial fortanellescranial fortanelles：前囟（額囟）、后囟（枕囟）、蝶囟、乳突囟前囟（額囟）、后囟（枕囟）、蝶囟、乳突囟二、顱骨的連結(jié)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)顳下頜關(guān)節(jié) temporomandibular joint關(guān)節(jié)構(gòu)成：下頜骨的下頜頭、顳骨的下頜窩和關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)節(jié)輔助結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)節(jié)面覆纖維軟骨、關(guān)節(jié)囊松弛、前部較弱囊外有外側(cè)韌帶、囊內(nèi)有關(guān)節(jié)盤關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)：聯(lián)