初中定語(yǔ)從句講解

1、初中定語(yǔ)從句講解初中定語(yǔ)從句講解 定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。(以介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞為例以介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞為例 例：例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk喝醉的喝醉的. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中，修飾在英語(yǔ)中，修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的的句子句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。叫定語(yǔ)從句。 例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The ma

2、n who was driving too fast was drunk.2020/12/32關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別I have a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替代替 sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用如上例普通代詞：只起代替的作用如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞： 如上例如上例who/that 1.代替先行詞代替先行詞; 2.它還在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分它還在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分; 3. 同

3、時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 把主句和從句連起來(lái)把主句和從句連起來(lái)2020/12/33 The building is our school. The building stands by the river.v 關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常親密，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常親密，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的 人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。The buildin

4、g which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句vwhich/that which/that 是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞the building, the building, 同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語(yǔ)，也起連詞的作用，同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語(yǔ)，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接把兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句連接 起來(lái)。起來(lái)。2020/12/34 關(guān)系詞判關(guān)系詞判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 : 首先，要看先行詞。首先，要看先行詞。 假如先行詞是指人假如先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 可用可用 who,t

5、hat,whom,whose。假如先行詞指物。假如先行詞指物,關(guān)系關(guān)系 代詞可用代詞可用which或或that;v 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞先行詞 主格主格 賓格賓格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which2020/12/35關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞先行詞所指先行詞所指關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系詞在句中作用關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞that人人/物物主、賓、表主、賓、表which物物主、賓、表、定（偶）主、賓、表、定（偶）who人人主、賓主、賓whom人

6、人賓賓whose人人/物物定定關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)2020/12/36 最后，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和先行詞一致最后，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和先行詞一致. 注注:定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(表達(dá)客觀事實(shí)表達(dá)客觀事實(shí) 用一般如今時(shí)用一般如今時(shí)) (從句從句)The woman (who/that)

7、spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示過(guò)去時(shí)間表示過(guò)去時(shí)間)2020/12/37the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom2020/12/38 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who

8、is smiling is Tom. (主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ))The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. 2020/12/39 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom)

9、we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.2020/12/310關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)( (作賓語(yǔ)可省略作賓語(yǔ)可省略The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a t

10、hief.2.whom2.whom指人指人, ,作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ) ( (作賓語(yǔ)可省略作賓語(yǔ)可省略, ,如如 介詞提早那么不能省介詞提早那么不能省) ) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.2020/12/311關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 3.whose 3.whose 是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, , 它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book

11、 whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.2020/12/312applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.2020/12/313Can you find the pen?

12、I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 2020/12/3144.which 4.which 指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) ( (作賓作賓 語(yǔ)可省略語(yǔ)可省略, ,如介詞提早那么不能省如介詞提早那么不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterd

13、ay is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?2020/12/3151)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The ro

14、om (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.注意: 固定動(dòng)介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提早.例如:look after,look at 關(guān)系代詞與介詞關(guān)系代詞與介詞: 介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用介詞賓語(yǔ)只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介詞介詞在末尾時(shí)在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略關(guān)系詞可以省略)The room where I live is very big.2020/12/316 定語(yǔ)從句中需本卷須知定語(yǔ)從句中需本卷須知 有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞有

15、些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)從句所修飾的詞又被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行詞是先行詞是 something, nothing, anything等不定代詞時(shí)等不定代詞時(shí) Here is something( that) I will tell

16、 you.2020/12/3173.先行詞既有先行詞既有人人也有也有物物時(shí)時(shí),只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行詞是先行詞是one of,the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修飾時(shí)作修飾時(shí) Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you

17、. 5.當(dāng)當(dāng)主句主句已有已有疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞 who或或which時(shí)，用時(shí)，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 2020/12/318注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但以下宜用在指人可以通用，但以下宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行詞是先行詞是anyone, someone, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2)

18、.在在there be 句型中，先行詞指人句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.2020/12/319 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn)指代地點(diǎn). when: 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代時(shí)間。指代時(shí)

19、間。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean.2020/12/3202.Ill never forget the day. I joined the Party on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party. Ill n

20、ever forget the day on which I joined the Party .2020/12/321(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very who famous in the world. whom that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which 2020/12/322(3)

21、 He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom This is the best film that I have ever seen. 2020/12/323 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beiha

22、i Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby i

23、s sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACBDB2020/12/3246. This book is for the students _mother language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves! A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very usefu

24、l. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C. which D. whatCCAAB2020/12/3251. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. thatB. who C. whom D. this2.

25、 The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. whoD. /3. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. thatB. whose C. whichD. as定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/3264. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. which C. who D. whom5. Is this factory _ a lot of

26、students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. that C. which D. /6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. whichB. that C. /D. it定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/3277. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. whichB. in which C. thatD. all8. _ cleans the bla

27、ckboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students who9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. A. whichB. whom C. whose D. this定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/32810. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. whoB. whom C. which D. /11. This is the only arti

28、cle of these that _ written by him. A. wasB. were C. isD. are12. The man _ was here just now is a doctor. A. whomB. who C. /D. he定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/32913. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door14. Those _ made no

29、 mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. whichB. whom C. thatD. who15. The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. A. when B. where C. that D. at that定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/33016. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. whatB. which C. as D. ./ 17. This is the schoo

30、l _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. when C. whereD. there18. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? A. whereB. in that C. that D. which定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/33119. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. whenB. where C. thatD. which20. Do you still remember

31、the day _ we first met? A. thatB. when C. what D. on that定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/33221. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. A. when B. that C. whereD. in which22. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. whichB. when C. whereD. in which23. Is this the shop _

32、sells childrens clothing? A. whichB. where C. in whichD. what定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/33324. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. thatB. which C. whereD. the one25. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. which C. thatD. where定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/3

33、3426. Have you seen the girl _? A. that I told B. I told you of C. whom I told D. I told of27. The days are gone _ we use “foreign matches. A. during when B. during that C. on which D. during which 28. Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. that C. what D.

34、whatever定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/33529. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all. A. which B. that C. who D. what30. I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. whatB. which C. that D. where 31. It was raining hard, _ kept us indoors. A. which B. that C. asD. what定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)2020/12/33632. The only question _ is to find our way home. A. that mattered B. that matters C. which matteredD. matter 33. I