人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下unit2講解與練習(xí)

1、Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.Section A1. You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up 意為 “徹底打掃；清除”，是 “動(dòng)詞 +副詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面跟名詞作賓格時(shí)，名詞放在up 前后均可，后面跟代詞作賓格時(shí)，代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)放在up 前面。e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to

2、cheer them up.Cheer up意為 變得更高興，振奮起來(lái)”，是 動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)，cheer up既可以作及物 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，也可以作不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.Cheer up! The news isn t too bad.He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1) cheer作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 歡呼；喝彩”e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.2) cheer作及

3、物動(dòng)詞，意為 為歡呼，高呼”e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3) cheer 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“歡呼聲，喝彩聲”e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4) cheer on意為為加油”e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on ？ 【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)練】He failed in the math test and looks

4、sad. Let s A. put him upB. set him upC. cheer him upD. clean him up3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意為 “散發(fā)，分發(fā)”，相當(dāng)于“ hand ou，t ”是 “動(dòng)詞 +副詞”的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please?【拓展】Give out 的不同含義：1) give out 表示 “發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等)e.g. The sun gives out light and heat to

5、 the earth.2) give out 表示 “用完，耗盡”e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.Volunteer 動(dòng)詞，意為“志愿做，義務(wù)做”，后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.【拓展】Volunteer 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“志愿者 ”e.g. Can I have a volunte

6、er to collect the glasses?5. We can t put off making a planPut off 意為 “推遲 ”，是 “動(dòng)詞+副詞”的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain.Please don t put off doing your homework.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由 put 構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有：Put away將收起來(lái)put on穿上；上演put do

7、wn放下；記下Put out 熄滅；伸出put back 放回原處put up 張貼；搭建6. Let s make some notices, tooNotice 此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為“公告牌；通告；布告”e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying“ No Parking ”I ll put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1) notice 作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“注意 ”e.g. Take notice of what they say.2) notice 作動(dòng)詞，意為“注意到，留心，看到”e.g. Did you

8、 notice Jack come in ?7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to意為過(guò)去，曾經(jīng)后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示 過(guò)去常常做某事”，指表示過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)e.g. He used to work in the hospital.He didn t use to walk after supper.【拓展】1) be used to do sth. 意為 “被用于做某事”，不定式表目的e.g. The book is used to teach us how

9、to write.2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示被用于 ”e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters.3) get/be used to doing sth.e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely 是形容詞，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，指“孤獨(dú)的 ”，用于人時(shí)，表示一種心理狀態(tài)，突出內(nèi)心孤獨(dú)寂寞的感覺(jué)，側(cè)重缺少同伴友誼而感到孤獨(dú)、寂寞。含憂郁之意。e.g. He felt very lonely withou

10、t his friends.9. give up several hours each week to help others.Several 作形容詞，意為“幾個(gè)，數(shù)個(gè)”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.【拓展】Several 作代詞，意為“幾個(gè)，數(shù)個(gè)”e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports?- Yes, we ve got several.Several of us went there.10.

11、I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owner fac ess.1) Feeling 在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“感覺(jué)；感觸”e.g. I ve got a bad feeling.It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel 還可用作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“覺(jué)得，感覺(jué)到”e.g. I felt very tired after running.

12、2) satisfaction 為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“滿意，滿足”，其反義詞是dissatisfaction.e.g. She smiled in satisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction (名詞，滿意)- satisfy(動(dòng)詞，使?jié)M意)- satisfied (形容詞，滿意的)1) be satisfied to do sth. 意為 “對(duì)做某事感到滿意”e.g. He was satisfied to win the match.2) be satisfied with意為 對(duì)感到滿意” e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.

13、3) joy 在此用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“高興；愉快”e.g. Life is always full of joy.He jumped up with joy.4) owner 可數(shù)名詞，意為“物主，主人”e.g. He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1) own 形容詞， 意為 “自己的 ”， 一般用于形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格之后以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.2) own 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“有；擁有”，相當(dāng)于have.e.g. He owns a big house.3) of one ' s ow的 屬于某人自

14、己的“e.g. At last I ve got a big house of my own.11. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they re going ojourney with each new book.Journey意為旅行；行程”，可數(shù)名詞，一般指長(zhǎng)途旅行e.g. Life is a long journey from birth to death.12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer

15、 up sick children because they are often sad.Sick 形容詞，意為“生病的；有病的”，其反義詞為well.e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.Sick 作形容詞時(shí)，還可表示“(想)嘔吐的，惡心的”e.g. I always feel sick when I travel by ship.The smell makes him sick.【拓展】Sick 與 ill 的辨析：Sick 指 “生病 ”時(shí)主要用于英式英語(yǔ)，可作定語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ)，表示“惡心；嘔吐”時(shí)只用作表語(yǔ)e.g. He is a sick man.H

16、e began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill 指 “生病 ”時(shí)，主要用于美式英語(yǔ)，只用作表語(yǔ)，一般不作定語(yǔ)e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Raise 作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“籌集；征集”e.g. They want to raise enough money for buildi

17、ng a school.【拓展】raise 的其他用法：1) 作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“舉起，抬起”e.g. Please raise your hands!2) 作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“種植 ”e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn.3) 作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“飼養(yǎng)，供養(yǎng)”e.g. She likes to raise a dog.14. I want to travel alone.Alone 作副詞，意為“單獨(dú)地；獨(dú)自地”e.g. He likes living alone.1) alone 作副詞，用在名詞或代詞之后，意為“只有；僅僅”e.g. He alone u

18、nderstands me.2) alone 作形容詞，意為“獨(dú)自的；單獨(dú)的”e.g. She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone 與lonely 辨析Alone 表示 “單獨(dú)的；肚子的”，指一個(gè)人或事物與其他的人或事物分開(kāi)，不含感情色彩。e.g. He is alone in the classroomLonely 表示 “孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的”，指人時(shí)含有濃重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、親情而產(chǎn)生的一種孤獨(dú)、悲傷和憂郁的感情。e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.Section B1. I ve r

19、un out of it.Run out of 是 “動(dòng)詞 +副詞+介詞”的短語(yǔ)，of 后接賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)通常是表示“人 ”的名詞，也可用于某種能消耗物品的機(jī)器等，意為 “用完了 ”e.g. I ve run out of paper.【拓展】1) run out of可表示 從跑出來(lái)”的意思 e.g. The dog run out of the room.2) run out 是 “動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“用完，用盡”，主語(yǔ)通常是表示“時(shí)間、金錢”等無(wú)生命的東西。e.g. All the money ran out by me.3) sth. run out 表示 “某物用盡了

20、，用完了”e.g. Our food will soon run out.2. I take after my mother.Take after意為 像；與相像"，指由于血緣關(guān)系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相當(dāng)于be similarto，其中 after 是介詞，其后常接名詞或代詞e.g. Your daughter doesn t take after you at all. 【拓展】1) look like意為 看上去像 ，多指外貌 e.g. You look like my brother.2) be like意為 像 ，下T指外貌，也可指性格 e.g. What is you

21、r sister like?3. I repaired it.Repair 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“修理，修補(bǔ)，修繕(房屋)”e.g. He repairs old furniture.辨析： repair, mend 與 fix1) repair 比 fix 和 mend 更正式，常用于表示修補(bǔ)破損或有洞的東西e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.2) mend 著重修補(bǔ)衣服上的洞、道路、屋頂或圍欄等e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.3) fix 側(cè)重于 “安裝 ”，有時(shí)也用

22、作“修理 ”，常用于指修理機(jī)器、車輛等e.g. The workers are fixing the machine.4. I m similar to her.1) similar 形容詞，意為“相似的；相仿的”e.g. My best friend and I have similar hobbies.2) be similar to意為 與相似/相仿” e.g. My new dress is similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth. 意為 “在某方面相似/相仿”e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.

23、5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li?1) letter 可數(shù)名詞，“信，函 ”e.g. Tom, here is a letter for you.2) write the letter to sb. 相當(dāng)于 write to sb. 意為 “給某人寫(xiě)信”e.g. I am writing the letter to my friendDo you often write to your friends?【拓展】1) receive a letter from sb. 與 hear from sb. 同義， 意為 “收到某人的來(lái)信”e.g. I often h

24、ear from my friends.2) letter 作可數(shù)名詞，表示“字母 ”的意思e.g. Write down these letters, please.6. I m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.Disabled形容詞，意為 喪失能力的，有殘疾的“，它是動(dòng)詞disable (使喪失能力)加后綴 ed 構(gòu)成的e.g. We should help disabled people.It s important to make fun of a disabled man

25、.7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意為 對(duì)產(chǎn)生影響"，difference前面可加修飾詞，如 big, great等，to是介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person s life.The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference意為 對(duì)沒(méi)有影響”e.g. It ma

26、kes no difference to me.8. Or imagine you can t walk or use your hasnilyd.s eaImagine 動(dòng)詞，意為“想象，設(shè)想”，其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon?I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these

27、difficulities.Difficulity 作名詞，意為“困難；難題”，其形容詞為difficult ，意為 “困難的 ”【拓展】1) Difficulty 表示抽象意義上的“困難 ”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示 “在做某事方面有困難”e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are

28、 difficult for me .1) open 動(dòng)詞，意為“打開(kāi)，張開(kāi)”，反義詞為closee.g. open the window, open your mouthOpen 與 turn on 辨析：Open 指將原來(lái)關(guān)著的東西打開(kāi)，turn on 指轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)或推上開(kāi)關(guān)等打開(kāi)2) carry 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“拿，提，扛”e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand.Carry, bring, take 的用法辨析：Carry 不表示動(dòng)作的方向，一般指隨身攜帶，如“扛、提、運(yùn)”等e.g. Please carry the bag for me.

29、Bring 指把人或物從別處帶到說(shuō)話者所在的地方e.g. Bring the book to me, please.Take 指把人或物從說(shuō)話者的地方帶到別處去e.g. Take my box to the room.【拓展】Open還可用作形容詞，主要用法如下：1)開(kāi)著的，反義詞為 closede.g. All the doors are open.2)開(kāi)張的，營(yíng)業(yè)的e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am.3)開(kāi)放的e.g. Our country is open to the world now.11. Then one day last year, a

30、 friend of mine helped me out1) a friend of mine指 我的一位朋友”，是雙重所有格，相當(dāng)于 one of my friends.2) help sb. out指 幫助某人擺脫困境；幫助某人解決難題”e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.1) excited形容詞，意為 興奮的，激動(dòng)的"，可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)一般是表示人'的名詞或代詞；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般修飾表示人”的名詞或代詞e.g.

31、 Tom was excited after hearing of the good news.The excited children are opening their presents.Excited與exciting的用法辨析：Excited意為興奮的，激動(dòng)的”，多用于修飾人；exciting意為使人興奮的，刺激的”，修飾 物e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.2) be excited about意為對(duì)感到興奮、激動(dòng)”e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.13.

32、 Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.Understand既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 理解；領(lǐng)會(huì)；明白”e.g. Do you understand me?He doesn ' t understand English.【拓展】1) understand后可接從句：e.g. I understand you ' re going to teach American Chinese.2) make oneself understood意為 讓某人了解自己的意思 ”e.g. I can '

33、; t make myself understood in English.單元練習(xí)n .單項(xiàng)填空(30分)21.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.A.swimB.to swimC.swimmingD.swam22.The father is creative enough so many nice toys for his daughter.A.buyingB.makingC.to buy D.to make23.I often saw the boysin the river.A.swamB.swimmin

34、gC.to swimD.swim24.It takes me two hours my homework every day.A.doingB.to doC.didD.does25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water?A.drinkB.drinkingC.to drinkD.drunk26.It ' s easy the problem.A.for him solve B.for him to solve C.of him solving D.of him to solve 27

35、.is not easy to look after a little baby.A.TheB.WhatC.ItD.How28.I hope you next Sunday.A.seeB.to seeC.seesD.seeing29 .Uncle Ted was very rich. But now h e has no place to.A.liveB. l ive onC.live inD.live with30 .一Could yo u please pass me the book?A.Yes, I could.B.No, I couldn ' t.C.Sure, here y

36、ou are.D.No, that ' s no problem.31 .What are you doing, Uncle Wang?一I ' m sorting out old books and I to kids in West China.A.give them upB.give them away C.give them offD.give them in32 .We found necessary to protect animals in danger.A.itB.thisC.thatD./33 .You should smoking. It ' s b

37、ad for your health.A.get up B.put upC.give upD.look up34 .Thank you for your,otherwise I couldn finish my study.A.kindB.kindlyC.kindnessD.kinds35 .He is strong football.A.in play B.in playingC.at playD.at playingin.完形填空（10分）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his g

38、randfather and told him his story 36 . “ He is really bad “ the boy said, “and Ihim.”The grandfather said, 38 'me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on." There aregerwaysidwomyheart. One is 40 and

39、kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can ' t think car43illyhe always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. The

40、y both try to control （控制） me.”Peter looked into his grandfather 44 and asked, 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”The old man said slowly and seriously, e one tha f'IThed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom （很少） get angry now. ”36.A.happilyB.friendly

41、C.hardlyD.angrily37.A.loveB.hateC.knowD.enjoy38.A.MakeB.HelpC.LetD.Ask39.A.sawB.feltC.talkedD.listened40.A.goodB.badC.lazyD.quiet41.A.atB.onC.withD.about42.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.the other43.A.becauseB.thoughC.beforeD.but44.A.eyesB.earsC.noseD.mouth45.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhereD.WhenIV.閱讀理解（20分）Have you

42、 ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China? Do you want tovisit there? We show you the best Taiwan Island.On a four-day tour.Price: Only ¥ 5,000Including: Round-way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.PlacesSun and Moon Lake A beaut

43、iful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why people call the lake Sun and Moon Lake.Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around Sun and Moon Lake.A nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderfu

44、l place to see a very beautiful sunrise.Peng Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and f resh fish.Gao Xiong A full day to go shopping.Book nowOffice hour Monday Friday: 9:00 am 7:00 pm; Saturday: 9:00 am 4:00 pmTel: 6459-9561Sold out this month Book by phone n

45、ow for next month.46.Which is the biggest island of China?A.Taiwan Island.B.Hainan Island.C.Diaoyu Island.D.Huangyan Island.47.If you go on a trip in Taiwan, where can you see the beautiful sunrise?A.On Sun and Moon Lake.B.On Ali Mountain.C.On Peng Lake.D.In Gao Xiong.48.The writer of this passage w

46、ants to.A.have more people to join the tourB.tell you something about TaiwanC.ask people not to trouble them on Sunday D.describe how beautiful Taiwan is49.If you want to visit Taiwan this month, you have to .A.visit their office on SaturdayB.phone the number 6459-9561C.turn to some other travel age

47、nciesD.pay more to cover the same tour50.If you are asked to add a sentence on top of this piece of writing, which of the following would be the most proper?A.Taiwan is Part of ChinaB.Take the Time to Learn in Your HolidayC.The Biggest Island of ChinaD.Come and Join Us for Your HolidayV .根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子（

48、10分）51 .They are（募才D for the students in Lushan earthquake.52 .He（志愿幫助）old people at an Old People House.53 .To（使我們高興的是），we found the owner of the lost dog.54 .The （感覺(jué)）of helping others makes me （覺(jué)得）happy.55 .They（有困難） climbing the mountain.W.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（10分）56 .She could play the piano when she was five y

49、ears old.（改為同義句）She could play the piano five.57 .I would like to be an animal d octor when I grow up.（改為同義句）I an animal doctor when I grow up.58.could, you , the, kids, ask, let, you, hospital, visit, them, cheer, and, up, to, the （連詞成句）59.She decided that she would give away her old books to other

50、s.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）She decided her old books to others.60.To do sports is important for us.（改為同義句）It for us sports.口.書(shū)面表達(dá)（20分）動(dòng)物是人類的好朋友，沒(méi)有動(dòng)物，人類也不能生存，但現(xiàn)在很多動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕，請(qǐng)你就 如何幫助動(dòng)物提出建議。要求：1.內(nèi)容包含動(dòng)物面臨的狀況和建議；2.書(shū)寫(xiě)認(rèn)真，70詞左右。n .21.B tell sb.（not） to do sth.,意為 告訴某人（不）做某事 "。故選B。22 .D本題考查enough to do結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)排除 A、B兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句

51、中creative有創(chuàng)意的“可知，此處為制造玩具，故選 D。23 .D see sb. do sth.意為 看到某人做某事"，see sb. doing sth.意為 看到某人正在做某 事”。根據(jù)句意 我經(jīng)?？吹侥泻?cè)诤又杏斡尽笨芍?，?yīng)用see sb. do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。答案選Do24 .B It takes sb. some time to do sth.意為 花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間做某事 ”。25 .C動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，"some cold water to drink意為 些喝的冷水”。26 .B It ' adj.+for/of sb. to do sth

52、.是固定句'型，根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)可排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。當(dāng)形容詞是表示品格的形容詞時(shí)，用of結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)形容詞是表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞時(shí)，用for結(jié)構(gòu)。easy表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞，故選 B。27 .Cit作形式主語(yǔ)，其后動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)。28 .Bhope之后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。29.C動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若該動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后的介詞不能省略。因?yàn)榫渲械膒lace是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于"live in the place ,故選C。30.CCould you please？是表示委婉請(qǐng)求，其肯定答語(yǔ)是Sure/Certainly，故選C。31.B give up放棄；giv

53、e away捐贈(zèng)；give off發(fā)出（光等）；give in屈服、投降。根據(jù) 前半句句意我正在把舊書(shū)分類”可知，此處是我將把它們捐給中國(guó)西部的孩 子們“。故give away符合句意。32.A find+it+adj.+to do sth.為固定用法，該空格處是動(dòng)詞不定式的形式賓語(yǔ)。作動(dòng) 詞不定式的形式賓語(yǔ)用代詞it。33.C get up起床；put up張貼；give up放棄；look up查看。根據(jù)后句句意它對(duì)你的健康有害處”可知，空格所在句意為你應(yīng)該戒煙"，故give up符合句意。34.C 根據(jù)空格前your是形容詞性物主代詞可知，空格處應(yīng)用名詞形式，故選C。35.B be strong in是固定搭配，意為 在方面能力強(qiáng)”，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；i