人教版八年級上冊英語語法、短語和知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上人教版初二上冊英語知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納八年級（初二）上冊英語語法、短語和知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?本單元的話題：談?wù)摷倨诨顒觾?nèi)容，復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時。本單元的語法：1.復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時;2.學(xué)習(xí)不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法：(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構(gòu)成不定代詞，some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構(gòu)成不定副詞;(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于肯定句，以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用于否定句、

2、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one為兩個單詞);(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時，形容詞放在后面。He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something，形容詞important放后)Did you buy anything special? (一般疑問句用anything，形容詞special放后)Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上個月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?(一般疑問句用不定副詞anywhere，形容詞interesting放后)(4)不定

3、代詞和不定副詞做主語時，后面的動詞用單數(shù)形式。Everone is here today.今天每個人都在這里。本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1. go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進(jìn)山2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 3. study for tests為考試而學(xué)習(xí)備考 go out出去4. quite a few相當(dāng)多,不少(后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))take photos照相 most of the time大部分時間 5.buy s

4、th for sb = buy sb sth為某人買某物 6. taste good. 嘗起來很好taste(嘗起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)為感官動詞，后跟形容詞7.have a goodgreatfun time過得高興，玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去購物 9. nothingbut+動詞原形：除了之外什么都沒有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。10. seem to do sth:好像 I seem to know him.我好像認(rèn)識他。s

5、eem+(to be)+形容詞：看起來The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。11.keep a diary記日記12. in+大地方：達(dá)到某地 (get to +地方：達(dá)到某地)arrive at+小地方：達(dá)到某地 (get的過去式為got)若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三個地點(diǎn)副詞，后面的介詞inatto必須去掉。Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚湯姆到家。13.decide to do sth:決定做某事 14. try doi

6、ng sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事15. feel like給的感覺;感受到 16. in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 difference(名詞，差異，差別)- different(形容詞，不同的)18.start doing sth：開始做某事 (= start to do sth)19.19.over an hour一個多小時 (over超過，多余 = more than)20. too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 too much 太多，后跟不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。much

7、 too 太，后跟形容詞或副詞 ， 分辨三者的口訣： too much, much too, 用法區(qū)別看后頭:much 后接不可數(shù),too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住，后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。21. because of 因?yàn)?后接名詞、代詞或動名詞(即動詞+ing)，不能接句子。because因?yàn)?，后跟句子。He was late for school because of getting up late.他因?yàn)槠鹜矶蠈W(xué)遲到。(get為動詞)= He was late for school because he got up late.22. enough(足夠的)與名詞連用，一般放在

8、名詞前He has enough money .23. enough(足夠的)與形容詞或副詞連用，enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.24. doing sth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事(已經(jīng)做完)Forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式為forgot)25. so+形容詞+that+句子：如此以至于too+形容詞+to do sth：太以至于不能形容詞+enough to do sth：足夠能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互換)He is so young that he cant go to school.=

9、 He is too young to go to school.= He isnt old enough to go to school.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?本單元的話題：談?wù)撋盍?xí)慣，復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時。本單元的語法：1.復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時;2.學(xué)習(xí)表示頻率副詞的用法。主要頻率副詞的等級排序：always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經(jīng)常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)這些副詞在句子中的位置，一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，行為

10、動詞之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上學(xué)總是遲到。I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作業(yè)。提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞，用 How oftenI watch TV every day.我每天都看電視How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看電影 help with housewo

11、rk幫助做家務(wù) how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周兩次 every day每天 use the Internet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空嗎?4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點(diǎn)睡覺play sports進(jìn)行體育活動5.after school 放學(xué)后 6.want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。want to do sth:想做某事 He wants

12、to watch TV after school.放學(xué)后他想去看電視。want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.媽媽讓我早起。7.be good for對有好處 be bad for 對有害處8. play computer games打電子游戲 go camping去野營 9.ask sb about sth：問某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經(jīng)常問我的學(xué)習(xí)情況。10. in one's spare time在某人業(yè)余時間He studies Eng

13、lish in his spare time.11.(P13，2b)”數(shù)字+percent of+名詞”做主語時，后面的單詞取決于名詞的情況。若名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，后面的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;若名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，后面的動詞用單數(shù)形式。In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.12.notat all:一點(diǎn)兒也不 (not構(gòu)成否定句)I don't like the movie at all.13.go online上網(wǎng)=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名詞：的答案

14、16.the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式The best way to learn English is speaking English.學(xué)習(xí)英語的最好方法是說英語.17.such as比如 (后跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(后跟句子)He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜歡水果，例如蘋果、香蕉等。He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.19.more tha

15、n (=over)超過，多余 go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī)Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.本單元的話題：談?wù)撌挛飳Ρ?，學(xué)習(xí)形容詞比較級。本單元的語法：學(xué)習(xí)形容詞比較級。(語法：見課本第113頁至115頁)本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓 比較play +球類 play basketball打籃球bothand兩者都(后面的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式) Both Tom and Jim are students.3.be good at+名詞代詞V ing:擅長，在某方面做得好7.be

16、like:像 The books are like friends.書像朋友。8.make friends (with sb)：(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事9.be different from與不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。10.help sb to (do) sth:幫助某人做某事常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me (to) learn English.他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。= He often helps me with my Engli

17、sh.他經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我。help (to) do sth:幫助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他經(jīng)常在家?guī)椭鲲垺?3.be good with sb:與某人相處很好 14.information (n.消息，信息)不可數(shù)名詞Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?本單元的話題：談?wù)撌挛飳Ρ龋?學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級。本單元的語法：學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的最高級。本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.welcome to+地點(diǎn)：歡迎來到某地 Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校。2.What do you

18、think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認(rèn)為.怎么樣?3.watch sb do sth:看見某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )4.比較級別 +and+比較級：越來越(若比較級為more+形容詞原級，則為：more and more形容詞原級)The buildings are taller and taller. Our school is getting more and more beautiful.5.around the world全世界=all over the world, such as 例如Unit 5 Do you want t

19、o watch a game show?本單元的話題：談?wù)撟约簩μ焓构?jié)目或電影的喜好，學(xué)會表達(dá)自己的感受。本單元的語法：復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時。本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1. What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你認(rèn)為怎么樣?What do you think of the movie?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣? It is boring.很無聊。2.mind doing sth:介意做某事 3. news (不可數(shù)名詞，消息，信息) a piece of good news一條好消息 4.learn (sth) from sb:向某人學(xué)習(xí)(某物) 5

20、.plan to do sth:計劃做某事(plan的過去式planned,現(xiàn)在分詞planning) 6.hope to do sth:希望做某事8.favorite (形容詞，最喜愛的)= likebestMy favorite shows are talk shows.我最喜歡的節(jié)目是談話節(jié)目。=I like talk shows best.9.expect to do sth:期待做某事 10.think of認(rèn)為，想起He often thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s:在二十世紀(jì)三十年代(1930年至1939年)10.12.one of

21、+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：之一(該短語放在句首做主語時，后面的動詞用單數(shù)形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.這些學(xué)生中一個人有英語字典。14.luck(名詞，幸運(yùn),運(yùn)氣)lucky(形容詞,幸運(yùn)的)-unlucky (形容詞,不幸的)15.be ready to do sth樂意做某事 16.try one's best (to do sth):盡力(做某事)Unit6 Im going to study computer science.本單元的話題：談?wù)撟约簩淼挠媱澔虼蛩恪１締卧恼Z法：學(xué)習(xí)一般將來時be going to do

22、 sth。本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：science (名詞，科學(xué))scientist(名詞，科學(xué)家)violin(名詞，小提琴)-violinst(名詞，小提琴家)piano(名詞，鋼琴)- pianist(名詞，鋼琴家)2.grow up成長，長大 3.be good at+名詞代詞動詞+ing:擅長 He is good at math,but he isn't good at speaking English.他擅長數(shù)學(xué)，但是不擅長說英語。4.keep on doing sth: 繼續(xù)做某事 5.be sure about:確信，對有把握His mother isn&#

23、39;t sure about his study.他的媽媽對他的學(xué)習(xí)沒有把握。6. move to +地點(diǎn)：搬(家)到某地 7. take singingacting lessons上歌唱課上表演課=have singingacting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth to sb寄送給某人某物His grandfather often sends him money。= His grandfather often sends money to him.9. learn to do sth學(xué)會做某事10. play the piano彈鋼琴 make the

24、 soccer team組建足球隊(duì) get good grades取得好的成績 eat healthier food吃更健康的食品 get lots of exercise進(jìn)行大量鍛煉11. foreign language外國語言 12. study hard努力學(xué)習(xí) most of the time大多數(shù)時間14. get back from+地點(diǎn)：從回來 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.at the beginning of 在開始的時候, write down寫下/記下，17. different kinds of不同種類的 have t

25、o do with關(guān)于，與有關(guān)系,take up開始從事20. too+形容詞+to do sth：太以至于不能so+形容詞+that+句子：如此以至于形容詞+enough to do sth：足夠能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換)He is so young that he cant go to school.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學(xué)。= He is too young to go to school.他太年輕了以至于不能去上學(xué)。= He isnt old enough to go to school.22.make sb+形容詞：讓某人怎么樣 The good news made

26、 us happy.(注意：news為不可數(shù)名詞)23.how to do better at school為“疑問詞+不定式”即“疑問詞+to do sth”He didn't know when to start.他不知道什么時候開始。 24.go to university去上大學(xué)Unit 7 Will people have robots?本單元的話題：談?wù)搶ξ磥淼恼Z言，學(xué)習(xí)一般將來時will do sth。本單元的語法：學(xué)習(xí)一般將來時will do sth。一般將來時由“助動詞will / shall + 動詞原型”構(gòu)成，表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來

27、的時間狀語如tomorrow、next week，in 2 days(2天之后)等連用。(Shall用于第一人稱，will可以用于各種人稱。) (will not= won't)一般疑問句：把肯定句中的will 提到句首即可。以上兩句的一般疑問句為：Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, we won't .否定句：把肯定句中的will 變?yōu)閣on't即可。以上兩句的否定句為：We won't visit the old man next week. She won't finish t

28、he work in 2 weeks.本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.There be結(jié)構(gòu)：There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某時“There be結(jié)構(gòu)”的一般現(xiàn)在時：There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時There are 600 students in our school.在我們學(xué)校有600個學(xué)生。一般過去時：There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某時 There was a school ten years ago.一般將來時：There will be+某物/某人+某地/某時.= There is going to be+某物/某人+

29、某地/某時. There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek.下周將有場運(yùn)動會。 2.on computers在電腦上, on paper在紙上3.a few +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：有一些、有幾個 a little +不可數(shù)名詞：有一些few +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：幾乎沒有(表示否定) little+不可數(shù)名詞：幾乎沒有(表示否定)many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：很多，許多 few 的比較級是fewer ,little的比較級是lessmuch+不可數(shù)名詞：很多，許多 manymuch

30、的比較級都是moreThere will be less polution in the future.在未來將會有更少的污染。(polution為不可數(shù)名詞)We should plant more trees.我們應(yīng)該種的樹。(tree為可數(shù)名詞)There will be fewer cars in the future.在未來將會有更少的汽車。(car為可數(shù)名詞)4.in(great)danger在(極度)危險中on the earth在地球上save the earth拯救地球6.in+一段時間：在之后(多用于一般將來時)He will come back in 2 days.兩天之

31、后他將回來。How soon will he come back?多久他將回來?句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。 There is a cat eating fish.10. hundreds of+名詞：成百上千的，許多(表示模糊數(shù)字)數(shù)字+ hundred +名詞：幾百(表示具體數(shù)字)He has hundreds of book.他有很多書。He bought two hundred books.他買了二百本書。12.at some point: 在某些方面 free time空閑時間 in one's free time在某人空閑時間U

32、nit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?本單元的話題：描述做事情的順序和過程。(First首先,Next下面,Then然后,Finally最后)本單元的語法：復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時。本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1(P57,1a) turn on打開 turn up調(diào)大turn off關(guān)上 turn down調(diào)小2. How many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)：多少How much+不可數(shù)名詞：多少He has eight books.他有八本書。How many books does he have?他有多少本書?3. 量詞的用法：不可數(shù)名詞常用“數(shù)字+量詞+不可數(shù)名詞”來表

33、示。如：a piece of bread一片面包 比較：two pieces of bread兩片面包(bread為不可數(shù)名詞)a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁 one spoon of butter 一勺黃油5.one more thing = another one thing 基數(shù)詞 + more + 名詞 = another + 基數(shù)詞 + 名詞：又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.7.It's time (for sb) to do sth是某人該做某事的時間了。It's ti

34、me for us to have lunch.It's time for sth是該做某事的時間了。It's time for the class.是該上課的時候了。Unit 9 Can you come to my party?本單元的話題：學(xué)會發(fā)出、接受或拒絕邀請。 本單元的語法：復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞。本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午，在具體哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on,2. have to 必須(后跟動詞原形)He has to get up early.他必須早起。(一般疑問句)Does he get up early?

35、Yes,he does.No,he doesn't.(否定句)He doesn't have to get up early.他沒有必要早起。4. sth=want sth 想要某物 Jim would like a new pen .Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事 He'd like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做.?(用來提出建議或征求對方意見)-would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去買東西嗎?-Yes,I&

36、#39;d love to ，but I'm doing my homework.我想去,但是我現(xiàn)在正在做家庭作業(yè)。(=Sorry, I'm doing my homework.非常抱歉，我正在做家庭作業(yè)。)5.prepare for sth為做準(zhǔn)備 go to the doctor去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents給父母幫忙 have an exam考試6. until 的用法:若動詞為延續(xù)性動詞則用肯定句式He studied until 21:00pm.他一直學(xué)習(xí)到晚上九點(diǎn)。若動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞，則用not.until.(直到。才。)He

37、 didn't go to bed until his father came back.他一直到他爸爸回來才上床睡覺。10.study for a math test為數(shù)學(xué)考試做準(zhǔn)備go to the party參加聚會11.What's today?今天幾號?Its Monday,the 14th.今天星期一，十四號。補(bǔ)充：what day is it today?今天星期幾? it's Monday今天星期一。What's the date today?今天幾月幾日?It's October 20th .今天10月20日。12.go to the

38、doctor去看病 have a piano lesson上鋼琴課13.look after 照看，照料 = take care ofShe is old to look after his brother她足夠大了能夠照看她的弟弟。take good care of =look afterwell好好照顧，好好照料We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.感嘆句的類型： What aan+adj+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) (+主語+謂語)!What +adj+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞

39、(+主語+謂語)!What a fine day (it is) !多么好的天啊! (day為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))What an interesting book it is !多么有趣的一本書啊!(book為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))What beautiful flowers they are !多么漂亮的花啊! (flowers為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天氣啊!(weather為不可數(shù)名詞) How +adj +主語+(謂語中的)系動詞! How +adv +主語+(謂語中的)實(shí)義動詞!How happy I am!我多麼高興啊! (happy為adj,am為

40、系動詞)How hard they are working !他們工作多么努力啊!(hard為adv,work為實(shí)義動詞)點(diǎn)撥：陳述句改為感嘆句，可以采用“一判、二定、三移”。一判：是判斷出陳述句謂語動詞后的中心詞的詞性(adjadvn);二定：是根據(jù)判斷出來的結(jié)果來確定引導(dǎo)詞(中心詞為名詞用What;中心詞為形容詞或副詞用How;)三移：就是把主語和謂語移到后面。注意：在感嘆句中，不得出現(xiàn)so,very，very much等表示程度的單詞。例如：Our school is beautiful .一判：beautiful為形容詞;二定：beautiful為形容詞，用How 來引導(dǎo);三移：把Ou

41、r school is移到How beautiful后面，即為感嘆句How beautiful our school is!He is a clever boy.一判：boy為名詞;二定：boy為名詞，用What來引導(dǎo);三移：把He is移到What a clever boy 后面，即為感嘆句What a clever boy he is!He studies English well.一判：well為副詞;二定：well為副詞，用How 來引導(dǎo);三移：把He studies移到How well后面，即為感嘆句How well he studies!練習(xí)：將下列句子變?yōu)楦袊@句。The room

42、 is very bright. We live a happy life today. It is a nice present.This is difficult problem. She played the piano wonderfully.16.)the (best) way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法 17.thanks for+名詞Ving:為什么而感謝 18.take a trip參加郊游，at the end of this month在本月底19.go back to+地點(diǎn)：回到某地 He will go back to Beijing in 2 days.

43、兩天后他將回北京。20.have a surprise party for sb為某人舉辦一個驚喜的晚會21.without+名詞代詞 Ving：沒有 He can't finish the work without our help.(help為名詞)He went to school without having breakfast.他沒有吃早飯就去上學(xué)。(have為動詞)24.look forward to +名詞代詞V.ing：期待，盼望25.hear from sb.收到某人的來信 = receive a letter from sb.27.the opening of ：開

44、幕/開業(yè)28.在具體哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比較：in the morning在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早晨29.invite sb to +地點(diǎn):邀請某人去某地(invite - invitation ) invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事31.reply to sth / sb：回答某事/回答某人 go shopping 購物，do homework做家庭作業(yè)Unit 10 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!本單元的話題：談?wù)撌虑榭赡艿慕Y(jié)果。本單元的語法：在條件狀語

45、從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來即主將從現(xiàn)。If you go to the party, we will have a great time從句(一般現(xiàn)在時) (主句一般將來時)解釋：在條件狀語從句，時間狀語從句中，若主句用一般將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來-簡稱主將從現(xiàn)If it is fine tomorrow,I'll visit shanghai區(qū)分:賓語從句若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以根據(jù)需要用任何時態(tài)I think I”ll finish the work in 2 days. 我認(rèn)為我在兩天內(nèi)將完成這項(xiàng)工作。主句(一般現(xiàn)在時) 賓語從句填空：I think she (c

46、ome)here tomorrow. If he (come )here,I (call)you.本單元的短語和知識點(diǎn)：1.have a great /good time 玩的開心2.stay at home呆在家里 take the bus乘公交車3.go to the party參加晚會 tomorrow night明天晚上4.talk about sth談?wù)撃呈?.have a class party開班級晚會 have a class meeting 開班會6.plan to do sth計劃做某事 They are planning to go shopping.他們正在計劃購物。7.(P74,2b)half the class 全班一半人,make some food 做食物8.ask sb. to do sth 請某人做某事My parents ofte