人教版七年級英語Unit 3詞匯句型精講

1、人教版七年級英語Unit 3詞匯句型精講詞匯精講1. subway1）subway 在美式英語中意為“地鐵”。更常用“take the subway”或者“go by subway”表示“乘坐地鐵”，而一般不用“take a subway”或者“go by a/the subway”。例如：Lets go by subway. 讓我們乘地鐵去吧。You can take the subway to come to my house.你可以坐地鐵來我家。2）subway在英式英語中意為“地下通道”。英式英語的“地鐵”是“the underground”。例如：We travelled acros

2、s London on the underground.我們乘地鐵穿過倫敦。3）subway train 指“地鐵列車”；subway station指“地鐵站”。例如：Im on a subway train. I cant hear you clearly.我在地鐵上呢，聽不清楚你說話。It takes me 15munites to walk to the nearest subway station from my home.從我家步行到最近的地鐵站需要15分鐘。2. ride1）ride 做名詞時，意為“（乘坐汽車等的）旅行；乘騎；（乘車或騎車的）短途旅程”等。常用于詞組：go fo

3、r a ride （去兜風(fēng)） give sb. a ride （讓搭車）。例如：Can you give me a ride to the market?你能讓我搭車去市場嗎？Id like to go for a ride. 我想出去兜兜風(fēng)。How much is a ride? 乘一次多少錢？2）ride做動詞，意為“乘車，乘坐，搭乘”。例如：He often rides his bike to school.他經(jīng)常騎自行車去學(xué)校。My little sister can ride a horse. Shes very brave.我妹妹會騎馬；她非常勇敢。3. run1）run 作動詞時

4、，有“跑，奔跑”的意思，還有“移動，流動”的意思。例如：He runs very fast. 他跑的很快。The rivers run into the sea. 河流流入大海。Your nose is running, have you got a cold?你在流鼻涕，你感冒了嗎？2）run作名詞時，意為“跑；奔；路程；短期旅行”等。例如：It is an hours run by train from here to London.從此地到倫敦搭火車有一小時的行程。Let's go for a run across the fields.咱們?nèi)ヅ懿?，跑過那片田野吧。拓展：run

5、作動詞時常見的用法還有很多：1）行駛；開 例如：Some of these old cars are still running.有些這樣的老車仍在行駛。Let me run the machine.讓我來開動這臺機(jī)器。2）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；進(jìn)行；延伸 例如：The machines run day and night. 機(jī)器日夜不停地轉(zhuǎn)動。The road runs north. 這條路伸向北方。3）追趕 例如：The hunter is running a fox. 獵人正在追狐貍。The dog likes running the chickens. 那只狗喜歡追小雞。4）管理；經(jīng)營；指揮 例如：M

6、y father runs a camera store.我父親經(jīng)營一家照相器材商店。Who runs the business? 誰管事？4. think of1）think of 意為“認(rèn)為，想起，考慮”等。后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞等形式。例如：What are you thinking of ? 你在想什么？She will smile when she thinks of her good friends.當(dāng)她想起她的好朋友時她就會微笑。2）think of 當(dāng)“考慮, 對有某種看法”講時可以和think about互換。例如:Dont think of（about）me any mor

7、e不要再考慮我。Theyre thinking about（of）buying a new car他們正在考慮買一輛新車。常見的think構(gòu)成的詞組還有think over，意為“仔細(xì)考慮”。例如：Think over，and youll find a way仔細(xì)考慮一下，你就會有辦法的。5. come truecome true 意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)，應(yīng)驗(yàn)，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”等，常用來表示夢想、愿望等的實(shí)現(xiàn)，是一個常用詞組。例如：Your dream will come true. 你的夢想會成真的。His words really come true. 他的話真的應(yīng)驗(yàn)了。拓展：realize 和 come

8、true都有“實(shí)現(xiàn)(理想愿望等)”之意，但兩者用法不同。realize是及物動詞，常用于sb. realize sth. 這種結(jié)構(gòu), 句子的主語是人。come true 是不及物動詞詞組，句子的主語通常是“理想、愿望”等詞。例如：The Chinese people are working hard to realize the modernizations. 中國人民正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化而努力工作。His dream of becoming a teacher came true.他當(dāng)教師的理想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。6. nono 有“不，毫不, 根本不”等意思，常見的用法有：1） no 用于引導(dǎo)否定的答語，

9、意為“不”。例如:Do you like the cat? 你喜歡貓嗎?No, I dont. 不，我不喜歡。Can you play the guitar? 你會彈吉他嗎?No, I cant. 不，我不會。2）no 置于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面時，相當(dāng)于 not a; 放在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前面或不可數(shù)名詞前時，相當(dāng)于 not any；意為“完全不，根本不”。例如:There are no (=not any) computers in that small village. 那個小山村里（根本）沒有電腦。Kate is no teacher.(=Kate is not a teacher.) 凱特（根

10、本）不是教師。注意：no也可以修飾形容詞比較等級，表示“完全不，根本不”的意思。例如：I'm feeling no better than yesterday. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不覺得比昨天好。7. like1）like 作動詞，意為“喜歡，想要”，反義詞是dislike或hate。后面可以跟名詞，動詞不定式或者動名詞等。例如：Id like some noodles. 我想吃些面條。My father likes watching TV after supper.我爸爸喜歡在晚飯后看電視。She likes flowers very much. 她很喜歡花。注意：like后跟to do 時

11、，表示“某一次的喜好或者傾向”；后跟doing時，表示一貫的習(xí)慣或者愛好。例如：She likes doing her homework after supper, but today she likes to watch TV.她晚飯后一般喜歡做作業(yè)，但是今天她想看電視。2）like 作介詞，意為“如同，像”，反義詞是unlike。用于“be like +名詞或代詞”時，意為“像”；構(gòu)成“l(fā)ook like”時，意為“看起來與相像”。例如：The baby is like his mother. 這個小嬰兒長得像他媽媽。He looks like a teacher. 他看上去像個老師。8.

12、 cross1）cross 作動詞， 意為“橫過，越過”，指從表面上橫過。例如：They cross the river every day. 他們每天都要過河。Cross the road, you will see the store. 過了馬路，你就會看到那個商店。2）cross 作名詞，意為“十字架，十字形飾物；畫十字的動作”。例如： Jesus died on the cross. 耶穌死在十字架上。He made a cross over his head. 他在他頭上畫了一個十字。拓展：across和cross的區(qū)別這兩個詞都是“橫越, 橫跨，橫穿”的意思，但是cross是動詞可

13、以單獨(dú)作謂語；但是across是介詞，需要和動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。例如：They cross the street to go to school every day.他們每天橫過馬路去上學(xué)。They walk across the street to go to school every day.他們每天步行橫過馬路去上學(xué)。9. stop1）stop 作動詞，意為“停止，中斷，阻止，阻攔”等意。既可以做及物動詞，也可以做不及物動詞。例如：The car stopped. 車停了。The guard stopped me at the gate. 衛(wèi)兵在大門口將我攔住。2）stop 作名詞，意為“

14、停止; 逗留，車站”等。例如：I will wait for you at the bus stop. 我會在公共汽車站等你。He slowed the car almost to a stop. 他放慢車速，車幾乎停住了。10. dream1）dream 作動詞，意為“做夢，夢見，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做及物動詞，也可以做不及物動詞。意為“做夢“時，后跟同源名詞dream做賓語；意為“夢見”時，常和about連用；意為“渴望、向往、考慮”等時常和of連用。例如：She dreams a good dream every night.她每晚都做美夢。I sometimes dream abo

15、ut my good friends.我時常夢見我的好朋友。I dream of becoming a teacher.我渴望成為一名教師。2） dream 作名詞，意為“夢，愿望，心愿”等。例如：It's my dream to win a Nobel Prize. 我的理想是獲得諾貝爾獎。Your dream has come true. 你的愿望變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。11. 11-year-old11-year-old, 是一個復(fù)合形容詞。復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成方法有很多，“基數(shù)詞+名詞（不用復(fù)數(shù)），中間用連字符隔開，就構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞的一種，表示時間、度量等。可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞。例如：

16、a 10- year-old boy 一個10歲的男孩兒a two-day conference 為期兩天的會議a 3-hour journey 一次3小時的旅程a three-mile walk 一段三英里的步行a two-hour exam. 一次兩小時的考試12. hundredhundred是數(shù)詞，意為“百”，當(dāng)表示具體的“幾百”時，用“基數(shù)詞 + hundred”，注意不加-s。例如：There are nine hundred students in our school. 我們學(xué)校有900名學(xué)生。拓展:1）hundreds of 表示“數(shù)百，成百上千的”這時hundred后要加-

17、s，且后面有介詞of，但是不能與數(shù)詞連用。例如：There are hundreds of people in the restaurant.在餐館里有成百上千的人。2）表示數(shù)詞的還有thousand“千”，million“百萬”，billion“十億”。它們的用法和hundred一樣，可以用來表示約數(shù)和確數(shù)。例如：There are thousands of people are waiting to see the movie star.數(shù)千人在等著見那個電影明星。練一練：.根據(jù)首字母提示填空。1. He r_ bike to school every day.2. My home is

18、about 5 k_ from school.3. It takes about twenty m_ to walk to school.4. The students in a poor village go on a r_ to cross the river to school.5. I wait for a bus at the bus s_ every morning.6. We should t_ of others first.7. There is a very big river b_ their school and the village.8. I go home by

19、s_ on weekdays.9. One h_ is the number 100.10. There is no bridge and the river r_ too quickly for boats.用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. About five _(hundred) students in our school go to school by bike.2. How does your father _(go) to work every day?3. The hamburger is not _(health) food.4. Many of the _ (stude

20、nt) never leave the village.5. How do you_(get) to school ?6. My mother _ (go) to work by bus every day.7. There are_(hundred) of people in the cinema.8. He says his bike is broken, so he _ (have) to go to school by bus.9. It often _ (take) her 3 hours to play sports.10. I love my teacher. He is _ (

21、like) a father to me.選詞填空。1. There is _ ( no, not) bridge on the river.2. I can swim _ (cross, across) the river.3. she is a_ (9-year-old, 9-years-old) girl.4. She is _ (dislike, unlike) her mother. She is tall, but her mother is short.5. She never _ (thinks over, thinks of) before she does somethin

22、g.6. My dream can _ ( come true, realize), because I work very hard.7. He is _ (a, an) 18-year-old boy.8. Do you go by bus _ (and, or) by bike?9. Do you usually _ (take a subway, take the subway) to go to school?10. _ (For, To) many students, it is easy to get to school.參考答案.根據(jù)首字母提示填空。1. rides 2. ki

23、lometers3. minutes 4. ropeway5. stop 6. think7. between 8. subway9. hundred 10. runs.用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. hundred 2. go3. healthy 4. students5. get 6. goes7. hundreds 8. has9. takes 10. likeIII.選詞填空。1. no 2. across3. 9-year-old 4. unlike5. thinks over 6. come true7. an 8. or9. take the subway 10. For句

24、型精講1. be afraidafraid是形容詞, 意為“害怕的, 恐懼的”。常和系動詞一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I am not afraid. 我不害怕。句式be afraid是afraid最常用的形式，其常見的用法有：1）be afraid of be afraid of 后跟名詞或者代詞，意為“害怕某人或某物”。例如:Are you afraid of dogs? 你害怕狗嗎?She seems very much afraid of him. 她好像很害怕他。 be afraid of后跟動名詞時，意為“怕做某事或不敢做某事”。例如：Im afraid of telling her.

25、 我不敢告訴她。He is afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。 be afraid of還可以指“擔(dān)心會發(fā)生某事或某情況(但實(shí)際上未必會發(fā)生)”。例如：She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。I am afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕傷害她的感情。2）be afraid tobe afraid to 后接動詞原形，意為“害怕做某事或不敢做某事”。例如：He is afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飛機(jī)。注意：表示擔(dān)心會發(fā)生某事或某情況，只能用 be afraid of

26、 , 而表示“害怕做某事或不敢做某事”時，既可以用be afraid of 也可以用be afraid to。例如：Dont be afraid to ask (of asking) question.不要害怕問問題。He is afraid to go out (of going out) alone at night.他不敢晚上一個人出去。3）be afraid thatbe afraid that后跟一個完整的句子，意為“擔(dān)心/恐怕”。例如:He is afraid that she will not come. 他擔(dān)心她不會來。I am afraid I cant help you.

27、恐怕我?guī)筒涣四?。在日常口語中, “Im afraid that”在很多場合相當(dāng)于“Im sorry, but”。用于提出異議，說出令人不快的事實(shí),拒絕對方的要求等,使語氣委婉。例如:I'm afraid I don't understand. 抱歉，我不明白你的意思。Im afraid you are wrong. (You are wrong, Im afraid.) 恐怕你錯了。4）在口語中Im afraid so. 和Im afraid not.常用作簡略答語。例如:Is it going to rain tomorrow? 明天會下雨嗎?Im afraid so. 恐怕

28、會。Im afraid not. 恐怕不會。2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.1）It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，意為“做某事需要花費(fèi)某人多長時間”。take在此意為“花費(fèi)”，it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式to do sth.，對這個句式 中的時間提問時用how long。例如：It takes me half an hour to finish my homework every day.我每天花費(fèi)半個小時的時間做作業(yè)。How long does it take you from your home

29、 to school?從學(xué)校到你家要花多長時間？2）動詞spend也有“花費(fèi)多長時間做某事”的意思，但句式和take不同。它的句式是“sb. spends + 時間或金錢+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.”。例如： I spend about 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework every day.我每天花大約三個小時做作業(yè)。3. How do you get to school？1）這是由how構(gòu)成的一個特殊疑問句，用來提問到達(dá)某地的方式。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是“How+ do/does+主語+謂語+其他”。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，助動詞用does，

30、其余人稱用do。例如：How do you go home every day? 你每天怎么回家？How does your father get to work? 你爸爸怎么去上班？2）特殊疑問詞how 有“如何，怎樣，多么”等意，用于詢問動作執(zhí)行的方式、手段、程度。例如： How does your father go to work? 你父親怎樣去上班？ On foot. 步行。 How do you like China? 你覺得中國怎么樣？ Very much. 非常喜歡。 How are your parents? 你父母身體怎樣？ Fine. Thank you. 很好，謝謝！拓

31、展：how可以和不同的詞搭配，構(gòu)成不同的意思來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句, 除了我們之前學(xué)過的 “how about, how many/ much, how old”等，常見的搭配還有：how far 用來詢問距離，意為“多遠(yuǎn)”；how long用于詢問時間的長短或者物體的長度意為“多長/久”。例如：How far is it from your school to the cinema?從你們學(xué)校到電影院有多遠(yuǎn)？How long is the river? 那條河有多長？4. 表示“乘”的幾種表達(dá)方式1）用介詞短語來表示交通方式，介詞短語在句中作狀語。(1) 用“by + 交通工具名詞”表示交通方式。

32、例如：by bike騎自行車 by car乘小汽車 by bus乘公共汽車(2) 用“by + 交通路線的位置”來表示交通方式。例如：by water由水路 by land從陸路 by sea從海路 by air乘飛機(jī)(3) 用“in/on + 冠詞/形容詞性物主代詞/指示代詞 + 交通工具名詞”表示交通方式。 其中，in多用在car等交通工具之前，而on多用在bike/horse/bus/train/ship等交通工具之前，它們的用法與“by + 交通工具名詞”的用法相同。例如：She often goes to school on a/her bike.= She often goes t

33、o school by bike.她經(jīng)常騎自行車上學(xué)。(4) on foot步行。on foot是固定搭配，表示步行，其中foot不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式feet，其前也不加任何修飾詞。例如：She often goes to school on foot. 她經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。2）用動詞短語表示交通方式，動詞短語在句中作謂語。(1)用“take + a/the + 交通工具名詞”表示交通方式。例如：take a train乘火車 take a bus乘公共汽車take a ship乘船 take a plane乘飛機(jī)注意：“騎自行車”要翻譯為“ride a bike”(2) 用某些動詞來表示交通方式。例

34、如：walk to步行去 drive to開車去 ride to騎車/馬去注意：如果接地點(diǎn)副詞here; there; home時，介詞to應(yīng)該省略。5. Im not sure.1）這句話的意思是“我不是很肯定。/ 我不是很有把握。”；是一個表達(dá)對自己所判斷的事物沒有確切把握時的一個固定套語，它的疑問形式和肯定形式也常用于口語中。例如：Are you sure? 你確信嗎？Yes, Im sure. 是的，我確信。2）其中的形容詞sure意為“肯定的，確定的”， 可以構(gòu)成詞組make sure, 意為“把事情弄清楚，確信，務(wù)使”等；可以直接在句子中作謂語。例如：Make sure every

35、body understand you.要確信每一個人都明白你的意思。練一練：.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全對話，每空一詞（L：Lisa J：Jane）。L: Is this your new bike?J: Yes. I 1 it to school every day. How do you 2 to school?L: I usually 3 the bus.J: How 4 is it from your school to home?L: Im not 5 . Its about 10 kilometers. The bus 6 takes about 20 minutes. How about

36、 you?J: About 15 minutes 7 bike. Its good 8 .L: Yeath. Well, have a 9 day at school.J: You, 10 .句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1. They go to school by train. (對劃線部分提問)_ do they _ to school?2. It takes about 20 minutes to go there by bus. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ does it _ to go there by bus?3. It is 5 kilometers from my home to sch

37、ool. (對劃線部分提問)_ _ is it from _ home to school?4. Im sure. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌?5. Students go to school by bike every day. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Students _ _ _ to school every day.6. I often have bread for breakfast. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?_ you often _ bread for breakfast?7. Usually it takes him two hours to finish his homework. (變?yōu)橥x句)

38、_usually _ two hours _ _ his homework.8. Does Jane walk to school? (變?yōu)榭隙ň?Jane _ _school.9. They take the bus to school. (變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?_ they_ the bus to school?10. She takes the subway to go to school. (變?yōu)橥x句)She _ _ school _ _.III.根據(jù)漢語意思，完成句子，每空一詞。1. 吉姆，你怎樣到校？ 步行。 Jim, _ do you _ _ school? _ _.2. 你們必須騎自行車去那個農(nóng)場。You _ _ _ _ bikes to that farm.3. 我們可以坐火車去他的家鄉(xiāng)。We can _ the train _ his hometown.4. 那個男孩甚至想騎自行車環(huán)游世界。The boy even wants to go around the world _ _.5. 學(xué)校離你家