2017年人教版八年級上冊英語提綱重點(diǎn)

1、2017年人教版初中英語八年級上冊復(fù)習(xí)提綱重點(diǎn)Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?13 / 10重點(diǎn)短語：(1) go on vacation 去度假(2) stay at home 呆在家(3) go to the mountains 去爬山(4) go to the beach 去沙灘(5) visit museums參觀博物館(6) go to summer camp 夏令營(7) quite a few 相當(dāng)多，不少(8) study for 為而學(xué)習(xí)(9) go out 出去(10) most of the time 大多數(shù)時間(11) taste

2、 good 嘗起來不錯(12) have a good time過得愉快(13) feel like 感受到(14) go shopping去買東西(15) in the past 在過去(16) walk around .四處走走(17) too many 太多(18) because of+ 短語 因為(19) one bowl of 一碗。(20) find out 查明，弄清(21) take photos 照相(22) something important重要的事情(23) up and down上上下下(24) come up上來，出現(xiàn)(25) of course 當(dāng)然(26)

3、come down 下來I went to New York City.重點(diǎn)語法:(1) Where did you go on vacation?(2) Did you go out with anyone?No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.(3) Did you buy anything special?(4) How was the food?Yes, I bought something for my father.Everything tasted really good.(5) Did everyone have a goo

4、d time?Oh , yes. Everything was excellent.習(xí)慣用法：11) buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth為某人買某物(2) taste + adj. 嘗起來(3) nothing.but + V.(原形)除了之外什么都沒有(4) seem + (to be) + adj 看起來(5) . arrive in + 大地方arrive at + 小地方 到達(dá)某地(6) decide to do sth.決定做某事(7) . try doing sth. 嘗試做某事(8) try to do sth. 盡力做某事(9) try one's

5、 best to do sth盡力做某事(10) enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事詞語辨析：anywhere 與somewhere兩者都是不定副詞。anywhere在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑問句中。I can ' t find itanywhere.somewhere在某處，到某處，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2)seem + 形容詞 看起來.You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事I seems / seemed + that 來好像一；彳以乎.seem like

6、好像，似乎 .It seems like a god idea.3decide to do sth.決定做某事They decide to visit the museum. Idecide + 疑問詞+動詞不定式 He can not decide when to leave.©start doing sth = start to do sth. 開始，可與 begin(11) want to do sth.想去做某事112) start doing sth.開始做某事(13) stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth停下來做某事(14)(15)look

7、 + adj 看起來dislike doing sth.不喜歡做某事(16) Why not do sth.為什么不做.呢?(17) so + adj + that +從句 如此以至于(18) tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人(不要)做某事(19) keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事(20) .forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做)forget doing sth忘記做過某事（已做）互換 。He started doing his homework.5>ver介詞，多于，超過，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度） =more thanMy fath

8、er is over 40 years old.©too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。We have too much work to do.Don' t talk too much.7）because of因為，由于，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。JHe can ' t take a walk because of the rain.because 連詞，因為，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示直接明確 的原因。I don ' t

9、 buyit because it was too expensive. 8too,to 太.以至于不能.Mother is too tired to go to school.9have fun doing sth享受做某事的樂趣Unit 2 How often do you exercise?短語：(1)help sb with sthlessons 上舞蹈和鋼琴課在某人的業(yè)余時間幫助某人做某事(13) swing dance 搖擺甥(25) the most popular歡迎(2) g.(14) play tennis 打網(wǎng)球(26) such as 例如.像.這樣o shopping

10、去買東四(3) on weekends在周末(15) stay up late 熬夜到很晚(27) go to the dentist看牙科醫(yī)生(4) how often 多少次(16) go to sleep睡覺(28) more than 多于(5) hardly ever幾乎從不(17) go to bed上床睡覺(29) old habits die hard(6) once a week一星期一次(18) at least 至少，不少于舊習(xí)難改(7) twice a month一個月兩次(19) go to bed early上床睡覺早(30) less than少于(8) go t

11、o the movies去影(20) play sports做運(yùn)動(31) junk food 垃圾窠品照料某人1顧某人(9) every day 每天(21) be good for對.有好處(32) take care of sb(10) use the Internet 上網(wǎng)(22) be good at doing sth(33) look after sb照(11) be free = be not busy擅長做某事(34) have to do sth必須做某事=have time 后空(23) go camping 去野營(35) get in進(jìn)入(12) have dance

12、 and piano(24) in one ' s free time(36) be late for 遲到語法要點(diǎn):(1) What do you usually do on weekends?I always exercise.(2) What do they do on weekends?They often help my mother with housework.(3) What does she do on weekends?She sometimes goes shopping.(4) How often do you go to the movies?I go to

13、the movies maybe once a month.(5) How often does he watch TV?He hardly ever watches TV.(6) Do you go shopping?No, I never go shopping.習(xí)慣用法：1. help sb. with sth = have sb do sth幫助某人做某事2. How about doing ？.怎么樣？ /好不好？3. want sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事4. How many +可數(shù)名t復(fù)數(shù)+ 一般疑問句5. 主語+ find+ that 從句 發(fā)現(xiàn)6. It ，s

14、 + adj.+ to do sth.做某事是 .的7. spend time with sb.和某人一起度過時光8. ask sb. about sth.向某人詢問某事詞語辨析：1. free空閑的，有空的，反義詞為 busy.be free 有空， 閑著，相當(dāng)于 have time.I ' ll be free next week. = I 'll have time next week.2. How come ? 怎么會？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點(diǎn)想不通；可單獨(dú)使用，也可引導(dǎo)一個 問句，相當(dāng)于疑問句 why,但how come 開頭的 特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語

15、序。How come Tom didn ' t come to the party? = Why didn ' t Tom come to the party?3. stay up late 指 熬夜到很晚，遲睡”。Don' t stay up late next time.stay up指熬夜，不睡覺”。He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 強(qiáng)調(diào) 上床睡覺”的動作及過程，但人不9 . by doing sth.通過做某事10 . What ' s your favorite你最喜歡的 是什

16、么?11 start doing sth.開始做某事12 . the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式13 .full of 滿的14 .what about doing sth ?做某事怎么樣？15 .not.at all 一點(diǎn)兒也不I don't like it at all.我一點(diǎn)兒也不喜歡它。一定睡著。 I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 強(qiáng)調(diào) 入睡，睡著，進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)”。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find +賓語+名詞，發(fā)現(xiàn) ：W

17、e have found him (to be) a good boy.find +賓語+形容詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)：HHe found the room dirty.find +賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)：I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分?jǐn)?shù)，基數(shù)詞 + percent : percent 沒 有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，根據(jù)所修飾的名詞來判斷 謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。Forty percent of the students in our class aregirls. Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超過，多于，

18、不僅僅， 相當(dāng)于 over.在 句型轉(zhuǎn)換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為：lessthan.I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.8. afraid形容詞，擔(dān)心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。I ' m afraid we can ' t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid ofdoing sth.害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Don' t be afra

19、id of asking question.I' rnafraid + 從句， 恐怕， 擔(dān)心：I ' m afraid I have to go now.9. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time的區(qū)別：sometimes頻度副詞，有時。Sometimes I get up very early.sometime 副詞，某個時候。I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.some times 名詞詞組， 幾次，幾倍。其中 time 是 可數(shù)名詞，對它提問用how many times.I

20、 have read the story some times. How manytimes have you read the story?some time名詞短語，一段時間.表示"段時間"時I ' ll stay here for some time.10.how often多久一次，用來提問動作發(fā)生的頻率?；卮鹩茫簅nce , twice, three times等詞語。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多長，用來詢問多長時間，也可詢問某物 有多長。How long does

21、it take to get to Shanghai from here?How long is the ruler?how far 多遠(yuǎn)，用來詢問距離，指路程的遠(yuǎn)近。Howfar is it from here to the park? It ' about 2 kilometers.Unit 3 I m more outgoing han my sister短語歸納與用法：(1) more outgoing 更外向(2) the singing competition唱歌比賽(3) the same as 和相同；與一(4) care about 關(guān)心； 介意(5) the mos

22、t important最重要的(6) bring out 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出(7) reach for 伸手取(8) make friends 交朋友(9) touch one ' s heart 感動某人(10) be good at 擅長15) asas與"樣16) ) be similar to 與相像的/類似的一致(17) be different from 與不同(18) be like a mirror像一面鏡子(19) as long as 只要；既然(20) get better grades取得更好的成績(21) in fact事實上；實際上(22) the

23、other 其他的(23) be talented in music 有音樂天賦(24) be good with 善于與相處(11) have fun doing sth.享受做某事的樂趣(25) be good at doing sth擅長做某事(12) make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事(26) want to do sth. 想要做某事(13) as+adj./adv.的原級+as 與一樣 (14) It ' s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.語法知識:No,he isn ' t. Sam is smarter than Tom.No, s

24、he isn ' t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.No, I ' m not. I ' m friendlier.Yes, she does.Tina thinks she works harder than me.(1) Is Tom smarter than Sam?(2) Is Tara more outgoing than Tina?(3) Are you as friendly as your sister?(4) Does Tara work as hard as Tina?(5) Who s more hardwork

25、ing at school?詞語辨析：(1) laugh v. & n. 笑He laughs best who laughs last.誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。(與at連用)嘲笑 Don' t laugh at him. 別嘲笑他。名詞：笑；笑聲 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我 們被他的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。(2)though conj. 雖然；縱然；即使；盡管=although Though it was raining , he went there. 雖然當(dāng)時正 下著雨，他還是到那里去了。注意：在though引導(dǎo)的從句

26、后不使用 but。如： though adv. 不過，然而，常用于句末，用逗號隔開。 Jim said that he would come, he didn ' t , though.Unit 4 What' s the best movie theater重點(diǎn)句型：1. It has the biggest screens. |2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuly.3. How do you like it so far?到目前為止，你認(rèn)為重點(diǎn)短語：(1) movie theater 電影院(2) be close to 離近(

27、3) clothes store 服裝店(4) in town在鎮(zhèn)上(5) so far到目前為止(6) 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽車10分鐘路程(7) talent show 才藝表演(8) have.in common有相同特征(想法、興趣方面)相同(9) around the world世界各地；全世界它怎么樣？4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions?(18) no problem 沒什么，別客氣(19) for example 例如(20) take seriously認(rèn)真對待(21) gi

28、ve sb. sth.給某人某物(22) come true(夢想、希望)實現(xiàn)；達(dá)到(23) Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感謝。(24) much+ adj./adv. 的比較級得多(25) watch sb. do sth.觀看某人做某事(26) one of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 之一(10) more and more 越來越(11) and so on 等等(12) all kinds of各種各樣的(13) be up to 由決定(14) not everybody并不是每個人(15) make up 編造(故事、謊言等)(16) play a role in 在

29、方面發(fā)揮作用/有影響(17) play a role in doing sth.發(fā)揮做某事的(27) Can I ask you some” 我能問你一些嗎？(28) How do you like ?(29) What do you think of ？你認(rèn)為怎么樣(30) how much.?多少錢?(31) How far?多遠(yuǎn)？(32) How many? 多少？(33) How long .? 多長？作Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?重要短語:(1) What do you think of talk shows?(2) I hope to be

30、 a TV reporter one day.常用法：(1) let sb do sth. 讓某人做某事(2) plan to do sth.計劃做某事(3) hope to do sth.希望做某事I don t mind them.How about you?(4) mind doing sth介意做某事(5) expect to do sth. 期待做某事(6) How (what ) about doing 做某事怎么樣?(1) find out 查明，弄清(2) be ready to do準(zhǔn)備好做某事(3) dress up 裝扮，喬裝打扮(4) take sb's pla

31、ce 代替，替換(5) do a good job 干得好(6) think of +名詞或動詞短語認(rèn)為.game shows游戲節(jié)目(8) learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)從.獲得(9) talk shows脫口秀(10) soap opera肥皂劇(11) go on 發(fā)生(12) watch a movie 觀看一場電影(13) one of the main reasons最主要的原因之一(14) watch a sitcom觀看一部情景喜劇(15) action movies 動作電影重要句型：(16) come out 出版，發(fā)行(17) try one ' s best 盡力

32、，竭盡全力(18) a pair of 一雙，一對(19) as famous as一樣著名(20) look like看起來像(21) around the world 世界各地(22) have a discussion about 就.討論(23) one day 有一天(24) such as 比如(25) a symbol of .的象征(26) something enjoyable令人愉快的東西(27) interesting information 有趣的資料(28) happen to do sth.碰巧做某事(29) expect to do sth.盼望做某事(30) T

33、V shows電視節(jié)目(7) be always ready to do sth.總是準(zhǔn)備做某事(8) try one ' s best to do sth. 盡力做某事(9) become +adj 變得.(10) not so.as 不像那樣.；不如.這么語詞辨析：(11) thank you for doing sth 謝謝你做某事 Thank you for sth謝謝你的 (12) love doing sth喜愛做某事1 .the other, the others, other, others,anotherthe other 表示特指兩個或者兩部份中的另一個或另一音6分

34、，常用 one the other 。例：He has two apples, one is red, the other is green.There are forty students in our class. twenty-oneare girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others特指某一范圍內(nèi)的其他的(人或物)，是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，相當(dāng)于 the other+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 =any other + 名詞單數(shù)。例： You two stay here, the others go with m

35、e.other 作代詞或形容詞，可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代詞，泛指 其他的人或物”。例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another 泛指同類事物中 的三者或三者以上的另一個”，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例：I don ' t like this one. Please show me another one.2 .find out 查明，弄清楚，巾nd 找到Please fi

36、nd out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.3 . go on 發(fā)生，與 take place 同義I wonder what was going on.4 .happen v. 發(fā)生，一般指偶然發(fā)生，主語為事，不能 為人。Sth + happens to sb.Sth + happens + 地點(diǎn)/時間： 某地 /某時發(fā)生了某事 Happen v ,表示碰巧”，主語可以是人，后常跟動詞 不定式to,表示 碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take p

37、lace 意為發(fā)生，舉行，舉辦”，一般指非偶然 性事件的 發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或 事先的安排。例:一Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.5 .expect v.期待，盼望，預(yù)期，后常接四種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1)expect + 名詞/代詞，期待某事/某人，預(yù)計 可能 發(fā)生。I ' m expecting Li Lin ' s letter.2)expect to do sth.預(yù)計做某事Lily expects to come back next

38、week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect + 從句 預(yù)計I expected that I ' ll come back next Monday.6 . serious a. 嚴(yán)肅的， 認(rèn)真的。He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 對某人 /某事當(dāng)真 be serious about doing sth.對某事當(dāng)真Unit 6 I m going to study computer science 短語：1. grow up 成

39、長；長大2. every day 每天3. be sure about 對有把握4. make sure 確信；務(wù)必5. want to do sth.想要做某事6. send - to 把送至U7. be able to 能8. the meaning of 的意思9. different kinds of不同種類的10. agree to do sth.同意做某事11. write down 寫下；記下12. have to do with 關(guān)于；與有關(guān)系13. take up 開始做；學(xué)著做14. hardly ever幾乎不；很少15. help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人

40、做某事16. tooto太而不能17. love to do sth. 喜愛做某事18. be going to+ 動詞原形打算做某事19. practice doing 練習(xí)做某事20. keep on doing sth. 不斷地做某事21. promise to do sth.許諾去做某事22. learn to do sth.學(xué)會做某事23. finish doing sth.做完某事24. remember to do sth.記住做某事1be going to的用法1) be going to+動詞原形表示將來的打算、計劃或安排。常與表示將來的tomorrow, next year

41、等時間狀語連用，be隨主語有am, is, are的變換肯定句： 主語+ be going to +動詞原形+其他。否定句： 主語 + be not going to +動詞原形 +其他.一般疑問句Be +主語+ going to + 動詞原形 +其 他肯定回答：Yes,主語+ be.否定回答： No,主語 + be not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + be +主語+ going to + 動詞原形+其他？2）如果表示計劃去某地，可直接用be going to + 地占 八、We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3）表示位置移動的動詞，如 go , come,

42、 leave 等常用 進(jìn)行時表示將來。My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4） be going to 與 will 的區(qū)別： 對未來事情的預(yù)測用“ will +動詞原形”表達(dá)。Will planes be large in the future?Yes, they will. / No, they won ' t.will常表示說話人相信或希望要發(fā)生的事情，而 be going to指某事肯定發(fā)生，常表示事情很快就要發(fā)生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.陳述將來的某個事實用will.I will

43、 ten years old next year.表示現(xiàn)在巨大將來要做的事情用will.I' m tired I will go to bed.表示意愿用will.I ' ll tell you the truth. 表示計劃、打算要做的事情用be going to,不用will.1)promise to do sth.My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth. My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 從句 Tom promises that hecan

44、return on mise n. 允諾， 諾言Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.3. practice vt. 練習(xí)， 后接名詞，代詞或 v-ing作賓 語。Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟v-ing作賓語的動詞有：考慮建議盼原諒：consider, suggest/advise, lookforward to, excuse, pardon.承認(rèn)推遲沒得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免錯過名儂

45、續(xù)練：avoid, miss, keep/keep on,practice.否認(rèn)完成能欣賞：deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意與逃亡：can' t help , mind, escape.不準(zhǔn)冒險憑想象：forbid, risk, imagine.4. everyday 與 every day區(qū)另1Jeveryday adj.日常的在句中作定語，位于名詞前。 This is our everyday homework.every day 副詞短語，在句中作狀語，位于句首或句 末。 He reads books every day.2promise

46、vt. 保證，許諾。有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：Unit 7W川 people have robots?短語：1. on computer在電腦上16.help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事2. on paper 在紙上17.get bored 感到厭煩的3. live to do 200 years old活動 200 歲18.wake up 醒來4. It ' s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.對某人來說，做19.fall down 倒塌某事的20.will+動詞原形將要做5. free time 空閑時間21.fewer/more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)更少/更多6. in

47、danger 處于危險之中22.less/more+不可數(shù)名詞更少/更多7. on the earth在地球上23.have to do sth.不得不做某事8. play a part in sth.參與某事24.agree with sb.同意某人的意見9. space station 太空站25.such+名詞（詞組）如此10. look for 尋找26.play a part in doing sth.參與做杲事11. computer programmer電腦編程員27.try to do sth.盡力做某事12. in the future 在未來28.There will be

48、 + 主語 + 其他13. hundreds of 許多；成百上千29.make sb. do sth.14. the same as 與樣30.There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有15. over and over again 多次； 反復(fù)地語法：正在做某事Cities will be more polluted. And there will be fewer trees.1) What will the future be like?；打開No, they won ' t. Everything will be free.Yes, I hope s

49、o.They won' t go to school.There will be more pollution.There will be less free time.5. probably ad. maybe 相當(dāng)于 perhaps. 也許，大 概，可能。作狀語.probably 用于句中，可能性最大。maybe/perhaps 用于句首。 Maybe/Perhaps you are right.1. during / for / in 介詞，在期間。說到某事是在某一段時間之間發(fā)生的用during;說到某事持續(xù)多久則用for;說到某事具體發(fā)生的時間用in.We visited ma

50、ny places during the summer holiday.I ' ve been here for two weeks.They usually leave school in July.一般將來時結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定式：主語+ will/shall +動詞原形 +其他will用于各種人稱，shall用于第一人稱。主語 + be going to +動詞原形 +其他be隨人稱、數(shù)和時間的變化而變換。 否定式：在will/shall/be 后面加 not.will not = won ' t . 一般疑問句：將will/shall/be提到主語前面。There be 句型的一

51、般將來時：There will be + 主語+其他，意為：將會有。 一般疑問句形式為：Will there be + 主語+其他?？隙ɑ卮鹗牵?Yes, there will. 否定回答是： No, there won' t.否定形式是：There won' t be + 主語+其他， 將不 會有特殊疑問句是：疑問詞/詞組+ 一般疑問句？When will there be a nice basketball match?How do you make a banana milk shake?2) Will people use money in 100 years?3) W

52、ill there be world peace?4) Kids will stuffy at home on computers.5) There will be more people.6) There will be fewer trees.詞語辨析：1. every 與 each 的區(qū)別：every用來表整體，each用來表個別。each最低需 是兩，every 最低需是三。Every teacher knows her.Each of the road has a dictionary.2. on the earth在地球上，作地點(diǎn)狀語，位于句首或句末。on earth 究竟，到底。

53、用于疑問句或副詞后， 加強(qiáng)語氣。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?3. human,指包括男人女人孩子的人，人類”person,無性別之分，可數(shù)名詞people,泛指 人們”，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。man,前不帶冠詞而且單獨(dú)使用時，指男人"，a man可指個人/ 一個男人”，復(fù)數(shù)形式為men.He was the only human on the island.There are only three persons in the room.There are

54、many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4. seem 連系動詞，好像，似乎，看來。1) seem + 名詞看起來。He seems a nice man.2) seem like 好像，似乎。It seemed like a good idea3) seem to do sth.似乎/看起來/好像做某事。4) It seems/seemed that看起來好像 ，似乎.5) seem to be +形容詞/名詞 =seem + 形容詞/名詞。 She seems to be happy.= She seems happy.Unit 8短語：1) milk shake 奶昔2) turn on接通(電流、煤氣、水等)3) pourinto把倒入4) a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶5) a good idea 好主意6) on Saturday 在星期六7) cut up 切碎8) putinto把放入9) one more thing還有一件事10) a piece of 一片 /張 /段/首11) at this time 在這時12) a few 一些；幾個13) fill with用 把裝滿14) cover with用 覆蓋 15) one by one 一個接一個16) a long time 很長時間17)