選修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions-Grammar[課件]

1、人教新課標(biāo)必修人教新課標(biāo)必修8 Unit 3 Grammar Grammar Revise the Past Participle as the Attribute, Predicative and Object Complement 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊很緊, 漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫漸漸地成為一個(gè)復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞分詞形容詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實(shí)際實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的

2、形容詞上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)單純的形容詞, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作之外的動(dòng)作之外, 還表示還表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”的意義。如：的意義。如： spoken English (英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ))； iced beer (冰凍啤酒冰凍啤酒)；cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆條炸土豆條);一、動(dòng)詞一、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ) 但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示但要注意不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞常表示“完成完成”的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作, 而不表示而不表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”意義。意義。如如: boiled water(開(kāi)水開(kāi)水); fallen leaves(落落葉葉) the risen

3、 sun(升起的太陽(yáng)升起的太陽(yáng))等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student 高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。高個(gè)子的那個(gè)人是個(gè)歸國(guó)留學(xué)生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教師。我的父母都是退休教師。 (1)前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ed形式形式,一般放在被修飾一般放在被修飾的名詞的前面的名詞的前面, 作前置定語(yǔ)。作前置定語(yǔ)。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大樓。 (=the people w

4、ho were excited) Lost time can never be found again 虛度的時(shí)光虛度的時(shí)光, 無(wú)法挽回。無(wú)法挽回。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ) 少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的少數(shù)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作后置定語(yǔ)。作后置定語(yǔ)。 1. Everything used should be marked 所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。所有用過(guò)的東西應(yīng)該做好標(biāo)記。 2. Among the invited were some ladies 被邀請(qǐng)的人中被邀請(qǐng)的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。 3. The book

5、s left are for my students 剩下的書(shū)是給我的學(xué)生的。剩下的書(shū)是給我的學(xué)生的。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要放在形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被修飾的名詞的后面，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎今晚有什么活動(dòng)嗎? (=That has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 這次會(huì)議有很多人

6、出席這次會(huì)議有很多人出席, 開(kāi)得很成功。開(kāi)得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written

7、 B.to be written C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C.

8、 been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)并無(wú)“完成完成”或或“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”之之意，意，而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等而是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或思想感情等。如：。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他顯得很憂慮。他顯得很憂慮。When we hear

9、d of it, we were deeply moved當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí)當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到這件事時(shí), 被深深地感動(dòng)了。被深深地感動(dòng)了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法聽(tīng)到這個(gè)想法, 他似乎很高興。他似乎很高興。 二、動(dòng)詞二、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作形式作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有常見(jiàn)的作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(關(guān)閉的關(guān)閉的)； astonished(吃驚的吃驚的)；crowded(擁擠的擁擠的)； experienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的); delighted(高興的高

10、興的)； lost(丟失的丟失的)；gone(遺失的遺失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(擔(dān)憂的擔(dān)憂的)； interested(感興趣的感興趣的) tired(疲勞的疲勞的) pleased(高興的高興的)；satisfied(滿意的滿意的)； surprised(吃驚的吃驚的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表語(yǔ)的作表語(yǔ)的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等等 所修飾。所修飾。 I was very pleased at the news 聽(tīng)了這消息我很高興。聽(tīng)了這消息我很高興。 He gr

11、ew much tired of the work 他十分厭倦這工作。他十分厭倦這工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。聽(tīng)了這想法他似乎很高興。 1)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed3) T

12、he pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都是及物動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞, ,表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義表示被動(dòng)意義或已完成意義, ,有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)有時(shí)候兩者兼而有之。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, ,即賓即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)

13、作的對(duì)象。 She found the door broken in whenshe came back 她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而人。她回來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有人破門(mén)而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。我爺爺找人重修了一下他的舊房子。 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句型中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式和它前面的賓形式和它前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的

14、被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果這種句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車(chē)。我必須請(qǐng)人修理自行車(chē)。 (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)那女孩被打得青一塊紫一塊。 (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) (1)(1)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的形式可作表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), ,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞

15、包括這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等等。We thought the game lost我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話。我從未聽(tīng)過(guò)有人說(shuō)他的壞話。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。她覺(jué)得心里輕松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他們認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。他們

16、認(rèn)為這問(wèn)題解決了。 (2) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)形式可作使役動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)足語(yǔ), 這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。我每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 He was trying to make himselfunderstood他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。他正努力使別人聽(tīng)懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用雙手按著臉。她用雙手按著臉。 She had her house rep

17、aired 她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。她請(qǐng)人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪兒理的發(fā)你在哪兒理的發(fā)? “have+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+done”結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義：結(jié)構(gòu)有三個(gè)含義： 參遭遇某種意外情況。參遭遇某種意外情況。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢(qián)包被偷了。昨天她的錢(qián)包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能參與自己也可能參與)。 I have had

18、all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都改正了。我把所有的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括令等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞包括 like，want, wish, expect, order等等”這這一類(lèi)一類(lèi) 動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He wont like such questions disc

19、ussed at the meeting 他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。他不喜歡在會(huì)議上討論這樣的問(wèn)題。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。學(xué)生們希望電視連續(xù)劇繼續(xù)播下去。(4) 過(guò)去分詞用在過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”這這一結(jié)構(gòu)中一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。系。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, hishouse looks like a beaut

20、iful garden 周?chē)N了許多色彩鮮艷的花周?chē)N了許多色彩鮮艷的花, 他的房子看他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花園。上就像一座漂亮的花園。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3)

21、 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 1. From the dates

22、 _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been markedExercises.單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇： 2. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 3. Laws that punish parents for their lit

23、tle childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 4. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried 5. She was glad to see her child well _ care o

24、f. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking6. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept 7. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 8. John rushed

25、 out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking 9. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks 10. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded

26、 fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 12. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Havin

27、g given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 13. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 14. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空：選

28、擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 3. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.5. These seats are _ (reserve) for you.6. The library