英語：選修9Units15全側(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總(新人教版)

1、選彳9 Units1-5全冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（新人教版）詞匯精講Unitl1. while這個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句，但在不同的句中有不同的含義?？梢院屠ㄌ?hào)里的詞替換。We must strike while the iron is hot. (as)While we don t agree, we continue to be friends. (although)While I admit his good points, I can see his bad. (although)Some people waste while others haven't enough. (but)While

2、their country has plenty of oil, ours has none. (but)2. covervt在不同的句中有不同的含義1. Cover the table with a cloth. (place sth over or in front of)2. He laughed to cover his nervousness. (hide)3. Snow covered the ground. ( lie over the surface of sth.)4. Research that covers a wide field. (include)5. $10 wi

3、ll cover our petrol for the journey. (be enough)6. By sunset, we had covered 30 miles. (travel)7. The job of a journalist is to cover events. (report)3. urgev. “竭力勸告；敦促；催促“1) urge sb. to doHe urged her to rest.他催促她休息。We urged her to reconsider the offer, but she refused.我們竭力慫恿她再一次考慮這個(gè)提議，但她拒絕了。2) urg

4、e that + 句子(用 should+do; should可以省)We urge that systems (should) be put in place to prevent such accidents.我們要求把各個(gè)系統(tǒng)落實(shí)好，以防止這類事故。3) urge sth. upon./on sb.強(qiáng)調(diào)某事The police are urging caution upon residents in view of the attacks.警察向居民強(qiáng)調(diào)要謹(jǐn)防受到襲擊。4) urge (sb.) on“鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)”James' father urged him on from t

5、he side of the court.詹姆斯的父親在法庭的一側(cè)鼓勵(lì)他。4. devotionn.His motivation to keep trying comes through his devotion to his spiritual leader.他不斷努力的動(dòng)力(動(dòng)機(jī))來自于他對(duì)精神領(lǐng)袖的虔誠。The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.把過多的時(shí)間用于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)就使用于學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間太少了【拓展】devote viHe devoted all his time to his

6、job.他把他的全部時(shí)間都用在工作上了。devoted adjShe is devoted to her children.她把全部心血都傾注在子女身上。a devoted friend / supporter忠實(shí)的朋友/擁護(hù)者5. ahead of介詞短語“(空間、時(shí)間)更早，更前；處于領(lǐng)先地位，比。OOOOO先進(jìn)”如：London is about five hours ahead of New York.倫敦時(shí)間比紐約早五個(gè)小時(shí)左右。Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training.我們還有十天的強(qiáng)化練習(xí)。He is ahead of his

7、times.他總是處于時(shí)代的尖端。Word文檔資料The United States is materially ahead of other countries.其它短語：go ahead"前進(jìn)繼續(xù).”get ahead of “勝過”look ahead ”向前看；為將來打算”6. overprep.1. The sky is over our heads. “在。上方但不接觸“2. A blanket lying over a bed.“附于某人或某物之上并將其部分或全部遮住”3. There is a bridge over the river.”從某物的一邊到另一邊；橫越“

8、4. He fell over the edge of the cliff."越過某物"5. It costs over ten dollars."多于，超過（時(shí)間、數(shù)量、價(jià)錢等）”6. He traveled over Europe.“遍及各處或大部分”7. They quarreled over a matter. “因?yàn)椋?關(guān)于某事物”8. He spoke to me over the telephone.”通過某物傳送“7. forwardadv.“向前；前進(jìn)；向著將來；向著未來”Move forward carefully or you'll

9、slip.From this time forward, you are a member of the family.從此以后，你就是這個(gè)家庭的一員了。Since you are young, you can only look forward因?yàn)槟氵€年輕，你必須長遠(yuǎn)考慮。adj.“向前的；前進(jìn)的；前面的；未來的；過于急切的”；a forward movement 向前運(yùn)動(dòng)The forward part of the train is for first class passengers only.火車的前部只是頭等車廂。forward planning 對(duì)未來的計(jì)戈UThe child

10、is very forward at walking.小孩子著急想要學(xué)走路。v. “將（信件等）投遞到新地址；轉(zhuǎn)遞”Please forward this letter to the following address.Word文檔資料I am forwarding you an attachment.我發(fā)了 份附件給你。類似的詞 ：backward outward westward eastward afterward注意：有時(shí)句意一樣，但詞性不同。1) He is moving toward me.( 介詞)2) He is moving forward. (副詞)8. entervi/v

11、t1) .進(jìn)入，進(jìn)來”Soldiers entered the houses, apparently searching for weapons.The war had already entered its third week.2) . “開始做某事，開始從事”She had hoped to enter the legal profession.她曾希望能從事法律工作。3) . “(使)參加；(使)報(bào)名”The competition is free, and anyone over the age of 18 can enter.本次競賽不收參賽費(fèi)，任何年滿18周歲的人士都可以參加。4

12、) . “寫入，輸入”You enter the customer 's name on this line.你把客戶的名字寫在這一行。Enter your user name and password.輸入你的用戶名和密碼?！就卣埂?) .enter into "正式開始，正式參加“The government had entered into a genuine dialogue with the terrorists.政府已經(jīng)開始和恐怖分子進(jìn)行真正的對(duì)話。2) .enter one 's mind/head "(想法)掠過腦海；想到“Why such

13、a strange idea should have entered her head I can t imagine.我無法想象她會(huì)有如此奇怪的念頭。3) .enter into the spirit (of sth.)“融入某事的氣氛中“Word文檔資料Unit21. How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?在現(xiàn)代精確的導(dǎo)航法尚未發(fā)明之前，你認(rèn)為航海員是怎樣探路的？這是一個(gè)“特殊疑問詞+do you think”的雙重疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)，其后

14、要用述句語序。除 think以外 believe , guess, suppose 等詞也可以用于此結(jié)構(gòu)。What do you suppose has happened to him?在I think/believe/guess/suppose/ imagine 等詞的句式中，如果從句有否定，否定詞應(yīng)該前移，即否定轉(zhuǎn)移。I don't think he will come . (T)I think he will not come .( F) inventvt. “發(fā)明，創(chuàng)作；虛構(gòu)，杜撰”Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in

15、1876.1876年阿歷山大格雷厄姆貝爾發(fā)明了。The whole story was invented.整個(gè)故事是虛構(gòu)的?！就卣埂縄nventor n . “發(fā)明者，發(fā)明家，創(chuàng)造者”invention n ."發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造；發(fā)明”區(qū)分：discover ：客觀存在，被人發(fā)現(xiàn)invent :客觀沒有，被人發(fā)明Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.Who discovered America?Who invented the computer?2. We may well w

16、onder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship's position on a map.在經(jīng)緯度未能繪出航船在地圖上的位置之前，我們很想知道航海員是怎樣在海上探險(xiǎn)的。may/might well”很可能，極有可能”Word文檔資料These are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine.這些是很不錯(cuò)的照片，我們很有可能把它們用在我們的雜志上。You m

17、ight well find that you l need more by the weekend.到周末你很可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你需要更多東西。 主語+think /feel/make /consider +it + n./adj. + for/of sb. to do 其中it為形式賓語，for/of引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語。I think it important for him to learn English well .我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語對(duì)他很重要。I have made it clear that I object to the plan.我已經(jīng)表明我反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。3. The voyage

18、s of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.17世紀(jì)前的海上航行表明，即使沒有現(xiàn)代航海術(shù)的幫助，旅行者也沒有受大海的支配。 voyage n./ vi.“航海航行”The voyage from England to India used to take six months.過去從英國航行到印度要六個(gè)月。go on/make/take a sea voya

19、ge去航海旅行【拓展】Voyager n . 航行者，航海者“區(qū)分：trip指休閑或因商的短途旅行journey指從一地出發(fā)直達(dá)目的地的長途陸路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)之意。travel常指到國外或某個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)具體目的地。指具體的旅行時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)，用單數(shù)一般 表示旅行的抽象概念。voyage強(qiáng)調(diào)較遠(yuǎn)距離的水上或空中旅行或游歷。tour指周游或巡回旅行，常常是訪問一系列地方后再回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)。如：We will have a comfortable voyage to the Far East through air.Word文檔資料我們乘飛機(jī)去遠(yuǎn)東旅游將會(huì)非常舒適。The jour

20、ney to the seaside will take not more than two days.到海邊去旅行最多需要花費(fèi)兩天時(shí)間。I at once began making preparations for a trip home.我馬上開始為回家做準(zhǔn)備。Our American friends are making a tour of Shanghai.我們的美國朋友正在對(duì)上海進(jìn)行巡回旅行。He came back home after years of foreign travel.在多年的國外旅行后他回到了家。 at the mercy of without any prote

21、ction against; helpless before“任由 擺布；在 面前無助”They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.他們?cè)诤Ｉ厦允Я朔较?，任憑風(fēng)和天氣的擺布。I don't like to be at the mercy of such a man.我不愿受這樣一個(gè)人的擺布?！就卣埂縣ave mercy on/ show mercy to 對(duì)表示憐憫“The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子對(duì)人質(zhì)殘酷無情。without mercy"

22、;毫不留情地”The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母親狠心地把垂死的嬰兒丟棄在醫(yī)院。It's a mercy （that）（口）幸運(yùn)的是，幸虧”（用于表示更遭的情況得以避免總算是幸運(yùn)）Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.幸虧事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasn 't seriously hurt.幸運(yùn)的是她傷勢不重。even though = even if"雖然即使&quo

23、t;引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Word文檔資料A.引導(dǎo)把握不大或假設(shè)的事情Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.即使我們?cè)诠ぷ魃先〉昧司薮蟮膭倮?，也不能驕傲。He will have problems in finding ajob even if he can pass the exam.即便他能通過考試，以后找工作也成問題。They wouldn t lose heart even if they failed ten times.即使他們失敗十次也不灰心喪氣。B.引出事實(shí)Even though he

24、 was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.他雖然遲到了，也沒有挨老師的批評(píng)。I can still remember, even though it was so long ago.雖然這是很久以前的事，我還記得。4. indicatevt.后面加賓語從句居多?！鞍凳?；表明；指向，指示”Her tone indicated that she didn t believe a word of my explanation.她的語氣暗示她對(duì)我的解釋一個(gè)字也不信。Test results will indicate whether the tre

25、atment was successful.測試結(jié)果將表明測試結(jié)果是否成功。I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我問他姐姐在哪兒，他朝對(duì)面的商店指了一下。5. closeadj.CD near in space or time ”空間上或時(shí)間上靠近的“l(fā)ikely “可能的”careful“小心的"有用詞組：close to death"離死亡不遠(yuǎn)”take a close look at sth."嚴(yán)密注意某物”keep a close watch/eye on“仔

26、細(xì)地看”They chose a spot close to the river for their picnic.他們選擇了 一個(gè)離河不遠(yuǎn)的地方進(jìn)行野餐。Your birthday is close to mine.你的生日離我的生日相隔不長。The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.兩國即將簽署和平協(xié)議。6. used to do表過去習(xí)慣化的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)be/become/get used to doing/n. 習(xí)慣于（to為介詞）be usedto do為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示“被用來做某事”I used to go sw

27、imming on Saturdays but now I don't.I'm not used to getting up so early.Cloth is used to make clothes.used to do 與would 用法對(duì)比1） . used to do表示過去的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比，不一定要有時(shí)間狀語。would只表示過去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語。I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.I used to play cards

28、 a lot, but now I seldom play.2） .表示過去的習(xí)慣，可互換。When we were very young, we used to/would go skating every winter.注：used to do 的否定式：usedn t to do/didn 't use to （usedn 't 也可寫作 usen't.）疑問式：Did you use to do ?/ Used you to do ?Didn't you use to do ?/ Usedn't you to do ？7. securev. “保

29、護(hù)使安全”Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.這道堤防需要采取一些措施，免得被洪水沖壞。We have done our best to secure the embassy against terrorist attacks.我們已盡全力保衛(wèi)大使館免受恐怖襲擊。Word文檔資料【拓展】adj. “安全的,可靠的,放心'的,無慮的”O(jiān)ur house is secure from flood.我們的房子沒有被淹的危險(xiǎn)。No shop can be completely secure against theft

30、.沒有哪個(gè)商店能完全防止偷竊。security n .安全，保安，保護(hù)”Security was tight during the President's visit.總統(tǒng)來訪期間，保安工作十分嚴(yán)密。For security reasons the visitors were searched.為了安全起見，來賓受到了檢查。8. involvevt.1) “包括”Most research and development projects involve some element of risk.大都數(shù)研究和發(fā)展方案都包含一些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成分。2) involve doing sth.“需要做

31、某事”The job involved working with a software development team.該工作需要與軟件開發(fā)小組合作。3) “牽涉，牽連，影響”There are reports of a violent incident involving local inhabitants and US troops.有當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈兔绹筷?duì)卷入暴力事件的報(bào)告。4)鼓勵(lì)參與；允許參與”常見短語：involve sb. in sth.It's best not to involve yourself in other peoples private affairs.最好

32、不要參與別人的私事?！就卣埂縤nvolved adi."受影響的；牽涉在的；卷入。的；參與的”常用短語： be/ get/become involved inThey became involved in a lengthy dispute.Word文檔資料他們卷入了一場曠日持久的紛爭中。All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都參加了學(xué)校排練的戲劇。be involved with "與。有戀愛關(guān)系的“He's not the sort of guy you want to get involv

33、ed with.他不是那種你想和他談戀愛的男人。區(qū)分：involve指必然包括的結(jié)果include指包括屬于整體的部分contain指包含在或含有幾種成分hold常指含有多少容量，可與 contain互換9. randomn.隨意，任意adj.任意的，隨便的，亂的有用詞組： make a random choice 任意選擇at random = aimlessly; without any plan 隨機(jī)，隨便The travelers at the airport were searched at random.(搜查人員對(duì))機(jī)場上的旅客隨便選幾個(gè)人加以搜查。Soiled dishes w

34、ere piled at random.臟碟子亂七八糟地堆著。10. awkwardadj.難使用的，笨拙的，尷尬的；棘手的，難處理的”an awkward remark 令人窘迫的評(píng)論There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say.當(dāng)誰都不知道說什么時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了令人尷尬的沉默。An awkward situation arose during the peace talks.在和平談判中出現(xiàn)了棘手的情況。常見短語：feel awkward about (doing) sth."感到很不好意思去做某事”11. ref

35、erencen. “提及，涉及，參考，參考書目，證明書（人），介紹信（人）”At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在會(huì)上老師提到了他的英雄事跡。These are reference books for teachers.這些是教師參考書?！就卣埂縭efer v."提到涉及，查閱，咨詢”The teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老師經(jīng)常讓她的學(xué)生查這本字典。Her pupils often refer to this dictio

36、nary.她的學(xué)會(huì)經(jīng)常查這本字典。Don t refer to it again.別再提那件事。12. preciseadj. “精確的準(zhǔn)確的”precision n. “精確性），精密（度）”A lawyer needs a precise mind.律師需要一絲不茍的精神。A camera is an instrument of precision.照相機(jī)是一種精密儀器。區(qū)分accurate = correct, free of mistakes”準(zhǔn)確的無誤的“precise= exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc”精密的， 精確的“

37、exact= correct and without mistake （of things that can be measured）”精密的, 準(zhǔn)確的“13. tendencyn. “趨向傾向”We ve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices.我們注意到一種趨勢，越來越多的人在家里工作而不在辦公室里上班。Word文檔資料常見短語：have a tendency to do sth. "傾向于做某事，往往會(huì)做某事”Jean's nice but she has a

38、 tendency to talk too much.簡人倒不錯(cuò)，就是往往太嘮叨。14. preparebe prepared to do"準(zhǔn)備做某事”（思想上準(zhǔn)備好了）prepare to do"準(zhǔn)備做某事”（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）They are prepared to do it.（準(zhǔn)備好或愿意）They are preparing to do it.（正在準(zhǔn)備）prepare sth. "準(zhǔn)備”prepare for sth. "為做準(zhǔn)備”The teacher is preparing the reviewing exercises, and the st

39、udents are preparing for the final examination.老師正在準(zhǔn)備復(fù)習(xí)用的練習(xí)，而學(xué)生們正在為期末考試做準(zhǔn)備。15. drawbackn.缺點(diǎn)，毛病;不利因素”O(jiān)ne drawback of New York in the summer is the heat.In spite of all its drawbacks, it was a place of quiet peace.The only drawback of the plan is that it costs too much.【拓展】draw back 動(dòng)詞短語“退回往后退”The chi

40、ldren drew back from the dog when it barked at them.“不履行諾言）”He will not draw back from what he has promised16.in addition“另外”There was an earthquake and, in addition, there were tsunamis.Word文檔資料除了地震之外，還有海嘯。比較：in addition,/in addition toin addition = as well, besides 相當(dāng)于副詞in addition to = as well as

41、 相當(dāng)于介詞In addition, the owner of the land may charge an extra fee.In addition to swimming, she likes tennis17. cope with“有效地或成功地對(duì)付或應(yīng)付”A family and a full time job are a lot to cope with.照顧家庭并干一份全職工作需要花很多精力。She is not a competent driver and can t cope with driving in heavy traffic.她不是一個(gè)稱職的司機(jī)，在交通擁擠時(shí)就開不

42、好車。注意：deal with只是采取行動(dòng)去對(duì)付某人或某事，并不考慮成功與否。Unit31 viaprep“經(jīng)過；經(jīng)由；通過“。如：This flight is form Beijing to Sanya via Changsha.You'd better send the letter via airmail.2 . do sth. and/or sb. will是一個(gè)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)，前面是祈使句，后面是一個(gè)一般將來時(shí)的句子。意思是“做，然后/否則就會(huì):如：Go on a vacation, and you 1l forget unhappy things.Work hard, or y

43、ou 】l fail in the exam.Unit41. date back to"追溯到 始于”This town dates back to Roman times.date from"追溯到始于”Word文檔資料My interest in stamp collecting dates from my schooldays.Insurance dating from the 17th century now profits a lot.The present harmony in the factory dates from a sensible agreemen

44、t on wages and productivity.dated adj."過時(shí)的，舊的“Clothing styles became dated very quickly2. bring back1） “歸還帶回來”All library books must be brought back before June 20.Ifyou re going to the market please bring me back ten eggs.2） “使回想起”Seeing you brought back many memories.His story brought back ou

45、r happy childhood together.The river smell brought back a night some years before.3. on a large scale”大面積的;大規(guī)模的“They are preparing for war on large scale.The project was undertaken on a large scale.【拓展】scalen. “規(guī)?！保蓴?shù)，不可數(shù)）1. The business had to be reduced in scale.2. Private undertakings were small

46、in scale in the Red areas.3. The statue was made to scale, one inch to one foot. （按照比例）4. take/get/slip/seek/have opportunity ofdoing /to do sth.He took the opportunity to question his wife.I'm glad to have the opportunity of talking to you.He sought opportunities ofdoing her little services.Wor

47、d文檔資料Don t slip any opportunity of practising your English.Somehow they didn 't seem to get an opportunity to object.There may be an opportunity for you to see the managerthis afternoon5. conflictn,矛盾，分歧;沖突，斗爭”It faces conflicts with the American people.Nations mustn 't settle their differen

48、ce by armed conflict.At times personality conflicts develop between teachers and students.a conflict of opinions/wills/interests in conflict (with)These two lines are in conflict with each other.Every one was aware that husband and wife were in conflict.The twins are in conflict.6. ruinvt.毀滅，毀掉，破壞”T

49、he rain has ruined the children's trip.We took a picture of the ruined cottage.The fire ruined the house.有用短語：be in ruins"一片廢墟 落空”bring/come to ruin”使毀滅破產(chǎn)”fall into ruin "已成廢墟"7. sealvt, “蓋章封口”The treaty was signed and sealed by both governments.Food such as corned beef and conden

50、sed milk are sold in sealed tins.His eyes were sealed with sleep.8. restrictionWord文檔資料un.“限制”The park is open to the public without restriction.He dislikes their restriction of his freedom of choice.“限制性規(guī)定”The restrictions on the use of the play-ground: No fighting. No damaging property.The governm

51、ent placed restrictions on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.【拓展】restrict vt."限制控制"He feels this new law restrict his freedom.The trees restricted our vision.restricted adj.“有嚴(yán)格控制的，局限的“restrictive adj."限制性的”She is now on a very restricted diet, and can have no sweets.

52、The space provided is too restricted.He finds life in the small town too restrictive.9. instyle "以方式,用風(fēng)格”He wrote the sentence in a childish style.The little boy bowed in a gentleman style.其它短語：in style”講究地，有氣派地；時(shí)行，不過時(shí)”out of style“不流行 過時(shí)”with style （處理得）漂亮，得當(dāng)”10. appealvt. “吸引投合興趣或愛好”How did t

53、he course appeal to you?These pictures don 't appeal to the children.有用短語：appeal to sb. for help ”呼吁 請(qǐng)求”He appealed to his friends for support.Word文檔資料The murderer appealed to the court for mercy.11. valuevt.估彳;珍視，珍惜”How much do you value it at?I value my friendship with him.n.餅值，價(jià)值觀念”Every expe

54、rience is of great value.Nothing of value was stolen.注意：of value結(jié)構(gòu)可以做表語或做定語。其它短語：put value on”定價(jià)，重視”set (a) value on”重視，估計(jì)”Unit51. appointvt.1) .to choose someone to do the particular job or have a particular position任命；委派；指派常見短語：appoint sb. (as) sth.appoint sb.to do sth.appoint sb. to sth.Picard ha

55、s been appointed (as) managing director of the new division.( 部門)皮卡德被任命為新部門的總經(jīng)理。A subcommittee ( 小組委員會(huì) )should be appointed to assist the chairperson.應(yīng)該指派一個(gè)小組委員會(huì)來協(xié)助主席。She was the first woman to be appointed to the board.她是被任命進(jìn)入董事會(huì)的第一位女性。2) .to choose a time or place for something to happen 確定，指定，約定

56、(時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))He arrived at Ella/s office at the appointed time.他在約定時(shí)間到達(dá)艾拉的辦公室。【拓展】appointment3) .c/u the fact of being given a new job, especially an important one委任，委派。經(jīng)常和 as/to連用。Mr. Toubon/s appointment as mayor委任陶本先生為市長的任命4) An arrangement to see someone at a particular time, especially for a businessmeeting or to get a professional service 約會(huì)； 約定常用短語： make an appointment (with) 和 預(yù)約Keep an appointment 守約By appointment 約定時(shí)間；按事先約定Viewing of the property is by appointment only.只接受預(yù)約看房。2. raisevt.1) to put sth. in a higher place or position 提起；