九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)名詞人教四年制版知識精講

1、九年級英語九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)名詞復(fù)習(xí)名詞人教四年制版人教四年制版【同步教育信息同步教育信息】一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：復(fù)習(xí)名詞二. 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：（一）名詞概述名詞是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞，它們可以是人的名字：Joe，Wang Ming；地方名稱：New York 紐約，China 中國；職業(yè)稱呼：doctor 醫(yī)生，teacher 教師；物品名稱：pen 鋼筆，ruler 尺；行為名稱：study 學(xué)習(xí)，work 工作；抽象概念：history 歷史，grammar 語法，等等。（二）普通名詞和專有名詞總體上來說，名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。1. 普通名詞：凡不屬于特定的人名、地

2、名、事物名稱或概念名稱的名詞，都屬于普通名詞。這類名詞在所有的名詞中占絕大多數(shù)。普通名詞大致有個(gè)體名詞、集合名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞四類。（1）個(gè)體名詞：表示人或某種東西中的個(gè)體，如 a singer（一個(gè)歌唱家），a book（一本書），a river（一條河），a house（一幢房子）等。（2）集合名詞：表示一些人或事物的總稱，如 class（班級），team（隊(duì)），people（人民），family（家庭）等。（3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示物質(zhì)或沒有一定形狀，大小的實(shí)物，如 ink（墨水），tea（茶），bread（面包），water（水）等。（4）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)或其他的抽象概念

3、，如 life（生命），happiness（幸福），health（健康），advice（忠告）等。2. 專有名詞：用來表示某一特定的人、團(tuán)體、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱的名詞統(tǒng)稱為專有名詞。許多專有名詞實(shí)際上是由普通名詞組成的，但組成專有名詞后，這些名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫，如 Turner（特納），April（四月），Monday（星期一），New York（紐約），the Beijing Childrens Palace（北京少年宮），the Great Wall（長城）等。（三）可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類，可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)

4、數(shù)形式。普通名詞中的個(gè)體名詞和集合名詞一般是可數(shù)的，所以它們又可稱為可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)往往要同不定冠詞 a / an 連用，復(fù)數(shù)則要使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a country（單數(shù)），countries（復(fù)數(shù)）國家；a pencil（單數(shù)），pencils（復(fù)數(shù)）鉛筆，a sheep（單數(shù)），sheep（復(fù)數(shù)）綿羊；a watch（單數(shù)），watches（復(fù)數(shù)）手表。普通名詞中的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞及專有名詞一般是不可數(shù)的，這些名詞又可稱為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞不能用不定冠詞修飾，也不存在復(fù)數(shù)形式，如 ice（冰），rice（稻子）等。注意：注意：在英語中個(gè)別名詞既可作不可數(shù)名詞，又可作可數(shù)名

5、詞。但由于用法不同，它們的意思往往也不盡相同，對這些名詞要特別注意：作不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)名詞glass玻璃玻璃杯；鏡子；眼鏡paper紙張報(bào)紙；文件；考卷iron鐵熨斗time時(shí)間次數(shù)；時(shí)代word消息單詞；話語一般說來，漢語和英語對某一個(gè)名詞是否可數(shù)的看法基本上是一致的。但也有不少名詞在漢語中常被用作可數(shù)名詞，而在英語中卻絕對是不可數(shù)名詞，對這些名詞也要特別注意，如 fun（樂趣），work（工作），advice（忠告），weather（天氣），homework（家庭作業(yè)），news（新聞），money（錢），information（信息），hair（頭發(fā)），chalk（粉筆），furnitu

6、re（家具）等等。（四）可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加-s 或-es，現(xiàn)將其復(fù)數(shù)的一般構(gòu)成方法及讀音列表如下：情況構(gòu)成方法例詞讀音一般情況在詞尾加-sdesks，maps，days，dogs-s 在清輔音后發(fā)s音-s 在濁輔音后發(fā)z音以 s，x，ch，sh 結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesfishfishes-es 發(fā)iz音以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞變 y 為 i 再加 esfamilyfamiliesfactoryfactoriespartyparties-ies 發(fā)iz音以元音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sday

7、daysboyboyskeykeys-s 發(fā)z音以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞變 f 或 fe 為 v 再加-esknifekniveslifeliveswifewiveshalfhalves-ves 發(fā)vz音以輔音字母加 o 結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-espotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes-es 發(fā)z音以元音字母加 o 結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-sradioradioszoozoos-s 發(fā)z音注意：注意：（1）少數(shù)以輔音字母加 o 結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加-s，如 photophotos（照片），pianopianos（鋼琴）等。（2）有些以 f 結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)

8、也只加-s。如 handkerchiefhandkerchiefs（手帕），roofroofs（屋頂）等。（3）英語中還有不少名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，必須把這些特殊的詞記住。如：manmen，womanwomen，F(xiàn)renchmanFrenchmen，childchildren，toothteeth，footfeet，goosegeese，mousemice，sheepsheep，deerdeer，fishfish，crisiscrisis（危機(jī)）等等。（五）名詞的所有格在英語中，有些名詞的詞尾可以加上s，用來表示所有關(guān)系，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為名詞的所有格，所有格表示人或事物的所有和所屬關(guān)系在句子中

9、作定語。1. 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成：名詞所有格的構(gòu)成一般有以下三種情況：（1）如果名詞是單數(shù)，只在詞尾加s，如 the boys schoolbag（這男孩的書包），the workers shoes（這工人的鞋子）等。（2）復(fù)數(shù)名詞如果以 s 結(jié)尾，在 s 的右上角加即可，如 teachers office（老師們的辦公室），the students classroom（學(xué)生們的教室）等。（3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞如果不以 s 結(jié)尾，則在詞尾加s，如 Womens Day（婦女節(jié)），the Peoples Park（人民公園）等。2. 名詞所有格的用法：（1）表示人或動物與其他人、動物或事物的所有關(guān)系。如：

10、He is Marys younger brother . 他是瑪麗的弟弟。Anne and Janes room is bright and clean . 安妮和簡的房間明亮而又清潔。We are going to the Childrens Palace this afternoon .今天下午我們打算去少年宮。They are reading Lei Fengs Diaries . 他們在讀雷鋒日記。（2）表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等名詞與其他事物的所有關(guān)系。如：Our school is half an hours walk from here . 我們學(xué)校離這兒有步行半小時(shí)的距離。

11、John is reading todays newspaper . 約翰在讀今天的報(bào)紙。Beijing is Chinas capital . 北京是中國的首都。Shanghais weather in spring is warm . 上海春天的天氣挺暖和。（3）表示無生命東西的名詞的所有關(guān)系，一般使用與 of 構(gòu)成的短語結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The front door of the house was painted red . 那屋子的前門被漆成了紅色。The cover of the dictionary is very beautiful . 這本字典的封面很美。There is a map

12、 of the world on the front wall of our classroom . 我們教室前面的墻上有一幅世界地圖。The gate of our school faces the south . 我們學(xué)校的大門朝南。（4）名詞所有格后面跟地點(diǎn)，往往可將地點(diǎn)名詞省略。如：My sister often goes to my uncles . 我妹妹經(jīng)常到我叔叔家去。You look ill . Youd better go to the doctors . 你臉色不好，最好去看看病。（5）被名詞所有格所修飾的詞，如果前面已經(jīng)提到過，一般可以省略。如：I am using m

13、y dictionary . You can use Toms . 我的字典我正在用，你可以借用湯姆的。Our bedroom is much larger than John and Dicks .我們的寢室比約翰和迪克的大得多。（六）可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)為了表達(dá)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量多少，往往用像 few，little，a lot of，plenty of這樣的數(shù)量詞，有些數(shù)量詞既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，有的數(shù)量詞只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，而有的則只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 1. 兩種名詞都能修飾的數(shù)量詞有：some，any，plenty of，a lot of，lots

14、of 等。2. 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞有：many，several，hundreds of，thousands of，millions of，a number of，a group of，a pair of，quite a few，a few，only a few，very few，few 等。3. 用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞有：much，a great deal of，a bit of，a drop of，a piece of，quite a little，a little，only a little，little 等。（七）名詞的用法在句中可充當(dāng)主語，表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等

15、。1. 作主語。如：The boy opened the door . 那個(gè)男孩打開了門。2. 作表語。如：Class 3 were the winners ! 三班獲勝了！3. 作賓語。如：I told him a story . 我告訴了他一個(gè)故事。4. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：He named her Jenny . 他給她取名詹妮。 5. 作定語。 如：There is a girl student in the classroom . 教室里有一位女生。 6. 作狀語。 如：He sat here a long time . 他坐在這兒很久了。 7. 與介詞組成詞組： 如：I am wor

16、king hard on my Chinese . 我正在努力學(xué)習(xí)漢語。 8. 作介詞賓語：Give the money to your sister . 把錢給你的姐姐?！灸M試題模擬試題】一. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. His fake（假的）teeth are . They hurt when he eats . A. expensive B. beautiful C. outstanding D. uncomfortable 2. The quiet boy his classmates with his fantastic dances at the party . Now everyone l

17、ooks at him differently . A. surprised B. encouraged C. helped D. cheated 3. The boy more time playing computer games than doing his homework . A. costs B. spends C. takes D. pays 4. The media newspapers , magazines , radio and TV . A. is made of B. is made by C. is made up of D. is made in 5. To ma

18、ke a , you need to use your head and think for a while . A. fire B. mistake C. decision D. promise 6. You can ask your parents for if you dont know which kind of shoes to choose . A. money B. price C. prize D. advice7. We have to wait in long to buy food in our school cafeteria . A. breaks B. queues

19、 C. times D. moments 8. I think friends should be to each other . Anyway I dont like my friends to lie to me . A. interesting B. kind C. honest D. polite 9. Kobe plays football . Hes the most popular on the Internet this year . A. singer B. driver C. actor D. athlete 10. The students have a radio st

20、ation to play songs at noon in school .A. set off B. set up C. put up D. put away二. 完形填空Last year I went to Australia to study and travel . I stayed in Sydney for two weeks . I visited places of 11 in the morning and attended English lessons in the afternoon . A friend and I stayed with a family fro

21、m Sydney . The homestay parents and brothers were very 12 to us . We talked about a lot of things with each other in English .My spoken English improved 13 in Australia . I used to speak very little English in China . But in Australia , I had to use it very often . I was soon able to 14 with my teac

22、hers and homestay family freely .To me , the best place in Australia is the Sydney Opera House . You can look at it from different sides . It is beautiful to 15 . I cannot sing very well , but when I was inside , I really wanted to sing .Time 16 while I was in Sydney . Soon came Christmas , then the

23、 New Year . I had never spent the New Year 17 my family . But this year , I was so far away from them . I felt a little 18 . I missed them so much . I wondered 19 my parents missed me as much as I missed them . In the evening , I phoned my family . When I heard their 20 , I began to cry . My homesta

24、y mother held me in her arms and comforted（安慰）me .11. A. funB. valueC. interestD. use12. A. friendlyB. rudeC. generousD. serious13. A. stronglyB. greatlyC. hardlyD. widely14. A. quarrelB. fightC. communicateD. complain15. A. look onB. look atC. look afterD. look up 16. A. ranB. jumpedC. flewD. walke

25、d17. A. withB. withoutC. as forD. but for18. A. nervousB. relaxedC. tenseD. homesick19. A. whyB. ifC. whenD. that20. A. facesB. picturesC. voicesD. smiles三. 閱讀理解Are you happy with your teeth ? Becca , a 15-year-old girl from the US is not . She decided her teeth needed to be whiter . They werent tha

26、t bad , but I wanted to make them all the same colour , she said .In the last five years , teeth whitening has become very popular among young Americans . Now the trend（潮流）has come to China . If you turn on the TV you can see the Hong Kong pop star Karen Mok showing her bright white teeth , saying ,

27、 “ want to be like me ? Use white teeth strips（牙貼）! ” You may even have decided to buy one .But wait a minute . Dentists have something to say . They think that kids should not use whitening products until they are 16 or even older .“ We dont know what will happen yet , ” says Dr. Nasrin Azim , a de

28、ntist in Chicago . “ Studies have not been done on young people . I wouldnt do teeth whitening on anyone under 18 . ”The problem with whitening lies in the pulp（牙髓）, the innermost（最深處的）part of the tooth . It has the tooths nerve（神經(jīng)）ending . When we eat very hot or cold things , its the pulp that hur

29、ts . Kids have larger pulps . The larger pulp might make teeth more sensitive（敏感的）to whitening and get hurt .Another problem is that the gums around the teeth usually change shape（形狀）with age . So , if someone whitens his or her teeth during childhood , the darker , natural colour might show later a

30、round the gum line . At that time , your teeth will show two colours . And the darker colour is difficult to whiten .So , wait another few years before you make your teeth whiter . Or if you really want to do it , ask your dentist . Theyll give you useful advice .21. This passage mainly talks about

31、.A. how to whiten your teethB. the new trend of whitening teethC. Americans with white teeth D. dentists advice on tooth whitening 22. The show done by Karen Mok is probably a（n） . A. notice B. announcement C. advertisement D. talk show 23. When we eat hot or cold food , the pulp hurts because .A. i

32、t is inside the teethB. it is sick C. it is rich in nerves D. it is not used to this kind of food24. What may happen if children do tooth whitening according to dentists ?A. Their teeth may show two colours later .B. Their gums may change shape with age .C. Their teeth may get darker .D. They may lose their teeth .25. We can infer from the passage that .A. dentists like very much the idea of tooth whiteningB. more and more people in China will get their teeth whitened C