企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻

1、企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻（文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯）原文TheSupplyofCorporateSocialResponsibilityDisclosureAmongUSFirmsIntroductionCorporatesocialresponsibilityCSRactivityisanareaofintenseandincreasinginterestbothonthepracticeandacademicfrontsInvestorinterestinrmsthatengageintheseactivitieshasgrown

2、dramaticallyBetween1995and2005investmentsofprofessionallymanagedassetsgrewfrom7trillionto244trillionwhiletheshareoftheseassetsinvested企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻insociallyresponsibleinvestmentsgrewfrom639billionto229tr川ionSocialInvestmentForumSIF2006Atthesametimelargeinstitutionalinvestorsandmultistakehol

3、dergroupsincludingtheUNPrinciplesforResponsibleInvestmentprojecttheGlobalReportingInitiativeGRI2006andtheCERESacoalitionofinvestorsandpublicinterestgroups-havefocusedattentiononthematerialityofsocialandenvironmentalinformationtoequityanalysisThemagnitudeandgrowthofsociallyresponsibleinvestingSRIasse

4、tshasdrivenanequallydramaticgrowthintheneedforinformationTheobjectiveofthisstudyistodocumentthedisclosurepatternsofCSRbyUSrmsInvestorsarenottheonlyinterestedpartiesCSRactivityprovidesanincreasingfocusofproductdevelopmentandmarketingpractitionersResearchdemonstratesthatcertaintypesofCSRactivityproduc

5、evalueforrmsintermsofbrandloyaltyandmarketingadvantagesBrownandDacin1997SenandBhattacharya2001AsHandlemanandArnold1999p36noteinanycommunityitiscommontondretailersdonatingtolocalcharitiessponsoringlittleleaguesportsteamsandproudlydisplayingthenationalagTheseactionsdemonstratetheretailersadherencetoun

6、writtenbutpowerfulnormativerulesofacceptablesocialconductsuchasbecominginvolvedwiththecommunityandpromotingnationalprideWhilethequestionofwhatexactlymotivatesrmstoengageinCSRpracticesisamatterforongoingresearchitisclearfromthegrowth企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻inbothSRIassetsandcustomermarketsforsociallyres

7、ponsiblegoodsthatthereisaneedforinformationonthesepracticesThehistoricalemphasisoftraditionalnancialinformationdoesnotanswertheneedsofthesepartieswhorequireinformationnotonlyaboutfutureearningsbutalsoaboutthermssocialandenvironmentalresponsibilityandinteractionswiththeenvironmentandhomecommunitiesAd

8、ams2004Andersonetal2005Theconcernwithnon-nancialfactorsaswellaswithequityreturnsresultsinademandforgreateraccountabilityfrommanagersAccordingtotheSIFp5issuesnowoccupyingmainstreamconsciousness-corporategovernancetransparencyaccountabilityandgreaterdisclosure-havelongbeencentraltothepracticeofsociali

9、nvestingMostoftheworkinthisareaisdirectedatexaminingdisclosuresfromEuropeanandAustralianrmsandnearlyallmulti-nationalstudiesindicateinternationaldifferencesindisclosurebehaviorInNorthAmericaCormierandMagnan1999proposedacostbenetapproachtoenvironmentaldisclosuresThecostsarethecoststhatotherpartiesoth

10、erthanshareholderswillusetheinformationandthebenetsarethereductionininformationasymmetrybetweenmanagersandshareholdersCormierandMagnan1999testedthisonasampleofCanadianrmsandfoundthatvariablessuchasarmsrelianceoncapitalmarketsandthetradingvolumeforitsstockwereassociatedwithincreasedenvironmental企業(yè)社會責

11、任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻disclosureTheyalsoconcludethatenvironmentaldisclosuresareincreasingovertimeandthattheincreaseddisclosureinCanadacouldbeafunctionofthelesslitigiousreportingenvironmentfoundinCanadaasopposedtotheUnitedStatesAlnajjar2000examinedthe1990socialresponsibilitydisclosuresofFortune500companies

12、HefoundthatsizeandprotabilityaffectedthequalityandquantityofdisclosureSincetherehavebeenanumberofchangesinthedisclosureenvironmentsince1990whenthedatawascollectedfortheAlnajjar2000studyandsincetheCormierandMagnan1999lookedatCanadianrmsitisnotclearhowUScorporationsinthe2000shaverespondedtotheseincrea

13、seddemandsforCSRinformationFurthermorepriorresearchevaluatingthecontentofCSRdisclosureshasfocusedprimarilyonasinglereportingformatgenerallytheannualreportmorerecentlythecorporatewebsiteGrayetal1995hassuggestedthattheuseofasingleformatforanalysispurposesmaybesignicantlylimitingtheunderstandingthatcan

14、bederivedaboutCSRdisclosurebehaviorWethereforeextendthisliteraturebyexploringtheentireidentiablebodyofpublicdisclosuresmadebythesamplermsduring2004Amajorcontributionofourpaperisthedevelopmentofameanstoassessdirectlytheemphasisthatmanagementplacesondisseminatingagiventypeofinformationpriorresearchhas

15、largelyrelieduponfrequencyofdisclosurealoneasaproxyforemphasisInthispaperweevaluatethestateofreportingofsocialandenvironmental企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻responsibilityoftenknownascorporatesocialresponsibilityorCSRreportingamongasampleofUSrmstodeterminewhattypesofinformationarebeingprovidedandthroughwhatme

16、ansoftransmissionWeperformacontentanalysisonthedisclosuresmadebyasize-andindustry-stratiedsampleof50publiclytradedUSrmsduring2004ResultssuggestthatcompaniesdiscloseawidevarietyofCSRinformationthroughmandatedandvoluntarymediaConsistentwithpriorresearchwendsize-andindustry-drivendifferencesindisclosur

17、ebehaviorOurresultssuggestdifferencesinthepatternandvolumeofdisclosureinUSrmswhencomparedwithotherstudiesexaminingglobalenterprisesInthenextsectionwereviewtherelevanttheoryandresearchandpresenttheresearchquestionsandhypothesesThenwedescribetheresearchmethodanddiscusstheresultsWeconcludewiththeimplic

18、ationsofthestudyforreportingactivistsaccountingrmsregulatorsandacademicswhoarereconsideringthenatureofcorporatereportingofnon-nancialinformationLiteraturereviewresearchquestionsandhypothesesItisdifcultfromanacademicandtheoreticalperspectivetodisentanglethedifferencesbetweenarmsdecisiontoengageinCSRa

19、ctivitiesandthedecisiononwhyhowandwhentoreportonthoseactivitiestostakeholdersThechoiceofbroadtheoreticalframeworkdependsonwhethertheresearcherapproachesthequestionofCSRfroman企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻economicoranethicalstandpointCetindamarandHusoy2007Ethicaltheoriesindicatethattheseactivitiesshouldbeprom

20、otedbecausetheyaretherightthingtodoEconomictheoriesindicatethattheseactivitiesshouldbepromotedonlytothedegreethattheycreateshareholderwealththroughincreasingprotVirtuallyalltheoreticalapproachescarrytheimplicationthatitisnotenoughtopartakeofaCSRactionitisnecessarythentodisseminateinformationaboutthe

21、actionthathasbeentakenAmatterofsignicantdifferencebetweenthetheoriespertainstowhatactionsshouldbetakenandwhoshouldbeinformedofthemTosomeextenttheanswertotherstdrivestheanswertothesecondiftheprimarygoaloftheactivityistoenlistthesupportofaparticularpartythermwillofnecessitypublicizetheactivitythroughc

22、hannelslikelytoreachthatpartyThereforebeforelaunchinganexplorationoftheapproachestodisclosureweofferabriefoverviewofthewhyofCSRactivityNeo-classicaleconomicsBirdetal2007adoptatraditionaleconomicapproachtothequestionsuggestingthatmanagersshouldapplynetpresentvalueNPVanalysistoallpotentialCSRactivitie

23、sandtakeonlytheactionsthatresultinapositiveNPVandthusincreaseshareholderwealthAnimportantelementofthistheoryintheCSRcontextistheneo-classicalnotionthattheshareholderistheonlystakeholderofsignicantinterestThisstudyndsthatmarketsareslowtoimpoundthevaluationimplicationsof企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻non-event-

24、typeactionsintomarketpriceswiththeexceptionofdiversityinitiativesWhiletheauthorsdonotexplicitlyconsiderthematterofinformationdisseminationtheimplicationoftheirapproachisthatdisclosureshouldtakeplacethroughthechannelstowhichshareholdersareaccustomediemandatorylingssuchasannualreportsand10-KsAproblema

25、ticissueforthetraditionalneo-classicalapproachtoCSRisthatunlikeproductiondecisionsCSRactivitiesandtheiroutcomesmaynotyieldthemathematicaltractabilitynecessaryforreliableNPVanalysisMarketingstrategyAnotherstreamofinquirythatsuggeststhatCSRmaybemotivatedmainlybywealthconcernsisfoundinthemarketingliter

26、atureseeRobinandReidenbach1987foranextensivesurveyofthisliteratureBrownandDacin1997provideempiricalevidencethatconsumerbeliefsaboutproductsareinuencedbytheinformationthattheypossessbothaboutcorporateabilitytheproducerscompetitiveadvantageandabouttheproducersCSReventhoughtheCSRpoliciesareoftenunrelat

27、edtothecompanysabilitytoproduceBothitemsarekeyelementsincreatingagoodcorporatereputationpositedbynumeroustheoriststoprovideasourceofeconomicbenetstoanorganizationseeBrownandDacin1997forareviewofthisliteratureBrownandDacin1997ndthatnegativeCSRperceptionsareshowntoexertnegativeeffectsonconsumerbehavio

28、rwhile企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻positiveCSFperceptionsexertpositiveeffectsonconsumerbehaviorTheynotethateventhoughthereispotentialeconomicvalueindoingsoitcanbedifculttocommunicatecorporatepositionsbuiltarounddevelopingCSRassociationsaneedpotentiallyansweredbyCSRdisclosuresinthepublicforumHandelmanandArno

29、ld1999providefurtherevidenceonwealthcreationthroughmarketingactivitiessubsumedunderCSRTheysuggestthatconsumersappeartopossessademandforintangiblefactorsindicatingcongruencewithlocalsocialnormsandvaluesandthatthermspromotionoftheseelementsmayyieldastrategicangleequaltothatofcompetitivepositioningandp

30、roductattributesConsistentwithBrownandDacin1997theyndthatnegativeinstitutionalassociationsexertasignicantnegativeeffectoncustomerperceptionsandbehaviorandsuggestthatstakeholdershaveaminimallevelofinstitutionalactionsbelowwhichevenhighlypositionedrmsbegintoexperiencenegativeconsequencesHooghiemstra20

31、00suggeststhatCSRactivityisaformofimpressionmanagementforthermThisimagemanagementtheorywhichencompassesmattersofcorporateidentityandcorporateimage-islikewisedrivenbydirecteconomicconcernssuchascustomerperceptionsandaccesstocapitalmarketsThemarketing-orientedliteratureonCSRactivitysuggeststheseaction

32、sareastrategictooltobuildandmaintaincustomerloyaltyandmarketshare企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻TheimplicationsfordisclosurearethattheprimarytargetsforinformationaretheexistingcustomersandmembersofthepublicwithageneralinterestandthatthecontentofthedisclosurewillbechosentoemphasizecongruencewithcustomervaluesP

33、oliticaleconomyAthirdtheoreticalapproachconsiderstheseactionsthroughthelensofthepoliticaleconomyCampbelletal2003CormierandGordon2001Deegan2002DeeganandGordon1996DowlingandPfeffer1975Grayetal1995aGuthrieandParker1990ODonovan2002MaignanandRalston2002Inthisapproachthermisnotconsideredtobeaneconomicenti

34、tythatcanbedivorcedfromitssocialcontextitisinsteadanorganicorganismthatisapartytoasocialcontractwiththeothermembersofitscontextForthermtosurviveitmustobtainthesupportandapprovalofitsstakeholderswhetherthosebeprimarystakeholdersthosewithoutwhosesupportthermcannotfunctionatallincludingcustomerssupplie

35、rsorprovidersoflaborandcapitalorsecondarystakeholderswhoareindirectlyafliatedbutinapositiontosignicantlyinuencethermssuccessincludingregulatorsandmediaClarkson1995CSRactivityandtheconsequentdisclosureisapartoftheongoingcommunicationprocessrequiredinordertoenlistandmaintainthatsupportGrayetal1995aUnd

36、erthisgeneralheadingresearchershavevariouslyadvancedtheoreticalargumentsbasedonstakeholdertheoryClarkson企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻1995Hooghiemstra2000MaignanandRalston2002andonlegitimationieCampbell2000Grayetal1995atoexplainbothCSRactivitiesanddisclosureLegitimationpertainstoeffortsonthepartofthermtoesta

37、blishmaintainorrepairpublicperceptionofitsdedicationtostakeholdernormsandvaluesthusevincingrespectforthesocialcontractthatpermitsitaccesstocapitalandlabormarketsandothereconomicresourcesnecessarytoensureorganizationalsurvivalDowlingandPfeffer1975outlinethreemeanstoestablishingorimprovinglegitimacyad

38、aptingoperationstoconformtoexistingsocietalexpectationsalteringsocialdenitionstoconformwithexistingrmoperationsorengagingincommunicationtopromoteitspublicidenticationwithsociallylegitimatesymbolsvaluesandinstitutionsThedegreetowhichtheorganizationisvisibleandorreliesonsocialandpoliticalsupportdrives

39、theconcernforlegitimacyandconsequentaccesstoresourcesandsupportDowlingandPfeffer1975ApotentialissuewithapplyinglegitimacytheorytoCSRactivityisthatsocialnormsandvaluesarelargelyafunctionoftemporalmattersasissuesarebroughttotheattentionofsocietytheyseemtoreplaceotherissuesofpriorfocusBirdetal2007Campb

40、ell20002003Campbelletal2003Grayetal1995aGuthrieandParker1990Thereforeforlegitimacytheorytoyieldrmlytestablehypothesesitmustbepossibletoidentifyboththepopulationwithwhomthermisconcerned企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻withestablishinglegitimacyandthevaluesthatthepopulationholdsatthespeciepointintimeSourceLoriHol

41、der-WebbJeffreyRCohenLedaNathDavidWoodTheSupplyofCorporateSocialResponsibilityDisclosureAmongUSFirmsJJournalofBusinessEthics200984P497-527譯文美國公司提供的企業(yè)社會責任信息披露引言企業(yè)社會責任活動這個領域在實際操作和學術前沿方面正受到越來越多的強烈關注投資者對于從事這些活動的公司的關注急遽地增長從1995年至2005年投資了專業(yè)的管理資產從7萬億美元上升到244萬億美元而這些資產的份額投資于社會責任從6390億美元上升到29萬億美元社會投資論壇SIF2006

42、同時大型機構投資者和多方利益相關團體包括聯(lián)合國負責投資項目的原則全球報告倡議組織GRI2006年以及投資者和公眾的利益集團聯(lián)盟CERESB集中關注社會和環(huán)境信息對股票分析的重要性社會責任投資SRI的資產的規(guī)模和增長帶動了對信息需求的同步增長這項研究的目的是記錄美國公司對企業(yè)社會責任的披露方式投資者并不是對這些唯一感興趣的人士企業(yè)社會責任活動導致了人們對產品開發(fā)和市場實踐的重視日益增加研究表明某些類型的企業(yè)社會責任活動對公司的品牌忠誠度和市場優(yōu)勢很有價值布朗和達欣1997森和巴塔查亞2001正如漢德曼和阿諾德1999第36頁提到的在任何社會中經常會發(fā)現(xiàn)有零售商向當?shù)卮壬茩C構捐贈贊助少年運動隊并驕

43、傲地展示國旗這些行動表明了這些零售商企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻遵守著一種不成文但具有強烈約束性的社會行為規(guī)定比如密切聯(lián)系社會各界并增強民族自豪感盡管關于究竟是什么促使企業(yè)參與到社會責任活動實踐中來這個問題依然在研究當中從社會責任投資財產的增長和社會責任產品的消費者市場的擴大中顯而易見的是對這些活動的信息需求傳統(tǒng)財務信息通常強調的不是這些群體的需要這些群體需要的不僅僅是未來的收益還有公司社會與環(huán)境的職責與環(huán)境和家庭社區(qū)的相互作用亞當斯2004安德森等2005對非經濟因素和股票回報率的關注導致了管理者加強問責制的需要根據SIF第五頁占據主流意識的問題公司治理透明度問責制和加強信息披

44、露早已成為社會投資工作的中心在這方面的工作大部分是針對歐洲和澳大利亞的研究幾乎所有的多國研究表明在信息披露行為上存在國際差異在北美考米爾和麥格曼1999所提出的成本獲利理論是用來應付環(huán)境的披露成本費用是指股東以外的其他各方將如何利用這些信息的信息成本成本獲利是指在管理者和股東之間的信息不對稱性減少考米爾和麥格曼1999測試了加拿大RMS勺樣本發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個變量例如一個資本市場和其股票成交量的依賴和環(huán)境信息披露的增加有關他們還得出結論環(huán)境信息披露是隨著時間不斷增加而在加拿大信息披露的增加可能可能會造成訴訟報告環(huán)境的減少但是在美國這是相反的納扎爾2000年審查了1990年財富500強企業(yè)社會責任披露他

45、發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)模和資本容量影響信息披露的質量和數(shù)量由于從納扎爾2000研究時搜集的1990的數(shù)據以及考米爾和麥格南1999對加拿大公司的研究以來環(huán)境的披露已經發(fā)生了很大的變化所以目前還不清楚美國公司在21世紀如何應對日益增長的企業(yè)社會責任的信息需求此外以前的研究在評估企業(yè)社會責任信息披露的內容時主要集中在一個單一的報告格式通常是年度報告以及最近企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中英文對照外文翻譯文獻的公司網站等格雷等1995提出以供分析目的而使用單一格式可能在很大程度上限制了對企業(yè)社會責任披露行為產生的理解因此我們通過探索樣本公司整個2004年期間公開披露的所有信息來擴展了這篇文章我們這篇文章主要的貢獻是對直接評價

46、給定類型的信息的傳播強調方法的發(fā)展以前的研究在很大程度上依賴于作為重點代理的信息披露的頻繁度在本文中我們評估社會和環(huán)境責任通常被稱為企業(yè)責任會計或CSR在美國公司的一份樣本中的報告狀態(tài)由此確定什么類型的信息被提供并通過什么方式傳播我們做了一份對50家公開上市的不同大小和行業(yè)的美國公司的披露做了一份內容分析結果表明企業(yè)社會責任信息是通過規(guī)定和各種自發(fā)媒體來披露的與以前的研究結果一致我們發(fā)現(xiàn)披露行為的差異是由規(guī)模和行業(yè)的不同導致的我們的研究結果表明美國公司的披露與其他全球企業(yè)相比在規(guī)模和數(shù)量上都有差異在下一節(jié)我們回顧了相關理論和研究并提出了研究問題和假設然后我們描述了研究方法以及討論了結果我們對關

47、于報告活動會計師事務所監(jiān)管學者和對非財務信息的性質重新定義的學者的研究進行了總結文獻綜述問題研究和假設從學術和理論的角度去理清企業(yè)對從事企業(yè)社會責任活動的決定和為什么怎么以及何時對利益相關者報告這些活動之間的關系是很困難的研究者是否從經濟或道德角度看企業(yè)社會責任問題決定了廣泛理論框架的選擇賽特德爾和赫索2007道德理論表明這些活動應當被推廣因為他們是應當去做的正確的事經濟學理論表明這些活動不僅應被推廣到通過他們增加利潤及創(chuàng)造股東財富的程度幾乎所有推行的理論方法說明僅僅參與企業(yè)社會責任的行動是不夠的因此對采取的行動的資料進行傳播是十分必要的在理論中涉及的一個重大不同意義的問企業(yè)社會責任信息披露中

48、英文對照外文翻譯文獻題是應該采取什么行動以及由誰來負責他們在一定程度上對的第一個以及第二個動因的回答是如果該活動的主要目標是爭取一個特定派別的支持公司可能有通過各種渠道宣傳活動達到這個派別要求的必要因此在發(fā)起披露情況的探索前我們提供了一個為什么要進行企業(yè)社會責任活動的簡要概述伯德等人2007采用傳統(tǒng)的經濟學分析問題認為經理應該適應凈現(xiàn)值NPV去分析所有潛在的企業(yè)社會責任活動并只執(zhí)行有利于凈現(xiàn)值的行動才能增加利益相關者的財富這個理論在企業(yè)社會責任語境的一個重要元素是古典概念即股東利益相關者是唯一重要的利益本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)市場漸漸忽視了評估的影響即無效模式伴隨著多樣性措施進入市場價格雖然作者并不能明確地考慮這件信息傳播的重要暗示他們這種披露應該通過股東們習慣的渠道發(fā)生即托管的文檔如年度報告和10-Ks傳統(tǒng)新古典方法在企業(yè)社會責任中運用有一個不確定的問題就是它不像生產決策那樣企業(yè)社會責任活動及其結果可能不會放棄那個用數(shù)學就能容易解決的必要的可靠的凈現(xiàn)值分析營銷策略在營銷文件中發(fā)現(xiàn)咨詢的另一個分支說明企業(yè)社會責任主要可以被財富關系驅使見羅賓和瑞德巴赫1987年的一個廣泛的調查文學布朗和達欣1997提供實證證據表明消費相信產品受公司所擁有的企業(yè)能力生產者的競爭優(yōu)勢和生產者的企業(yè)社會責任等