詞語的處理教學(xué)提綱

1、詞語的處理海峽兩岸的中國人民都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。本公司生產(chǎn)的地毯美麗大方，光彩奪目，富麗堂皇。The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent.有個年輕人名叫#，家里很窮，缺吃少穿，住的房子又小又破。There was a young man named #. His family was so poor that they did not have enou

2、gh food to eat or enough clothes to wear, and they lived in a small dilapidated house.結(jié)構(gòu)松散、語句啰嗦、上下文失衡there was a youong man named #, whose family was very poor. They lived in a small, dilapidated house and never had enough to eat or wear.2.詞語英譯多樣化同寫作一樣，翻譯也講究用詞。在同一篇或者同一段文章里反復(fù)使用某一個詞，難免會使人感到單調(diào)乏味。為了提高文字

3、的可讀性，譯者在準(zhǔn)確把握詞義的前提下，可以對同一個詞采用不同的譯法，做到用詞多樣化；尤其是對語言中最為活躍的動詞和名詞，可變換使用同義詞和近義詞，使譯文語言豐富多彩。我最后認(rèn)識到這件事為何非做不可。他認(rèn)識到自己犯了一個錯誤?？雌饋硭€沒有意識到有危險。萬大爺痛苦地意識到一家人的看法有分歧。他們意識到上司不贊成。我意識到我沒有把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉。I came to realize in the end why it must be done.He recognized that he made a mistake.It seems that she is still not aware of the

4、danger.Grandpa Wan grew painfully aware that the family were divided in their attitude.They were conscious that the boss disapproved.It dawned on me t hat I had not turned off the radio.世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的重組加快步伐。為此，中國將鼓勵創(chuàng)新，加快商業(yè)化、工業(yè)化和國際化的進(jìn)程。同時，中國還將努力解決國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主要問題，加快我國科技事業(yè)的發(fā)展。The restructuring of the world economy i

5、s speeding up.For this purpose, china will encourage innovation to accelerate the process of commercialization, industrialization and internationalization.China will alsomake great efforts to solve major problems in the national economy, and enhance the development of science and technology of our c

6、ountry.加快科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化，積極培養(yǎng)各級各類人才。改善投資環(huán)境，積極引進(jìn)境外資金。We should accelerate the translation of scientific and technological advances into productive forces, and make vigorous efforts to train people in various fields at different levels of expertise.We should improve the investment environment, and do all we ca

7、n to attract foreign funds.3. 詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換要把控制人口、節(jié)約資源、保護(hù)環(huán)境放到我們的議事日程上。堅持一個中國原則，是實現(xiàn)和平統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)和原則。辛亥革命的目的在于推翻滿清王朝。Population control, the conservation of resources and environmental protection should be put on our agenda.Adherence to the principle of one-China is the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunifica

8、tion.The Revolution of 1911 aimed at overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.4. 詞語的選擇在漢譯英是，需要在正確理解原文詞語的基礎(chǔ)上，著手選擇譯語里最為確切的詞語來表達(dá)愿意。所謂“確切”就是要使說使用的詞語在意義、色彩、搭配等各方面都盡可能地與原文詞語相一致。從語言學(xué)角度講，一個詞的具體意義只有在上下文(context)中才能得以體現(xiàn)；離開上下文，就無從判斷其意思。因此，翻譯時首先搞清楚詞語一是，然后找對應(yīng)的詞語翻譯。品味下面的文字：他說:“她這個人真有意思?！彼f“她這人挺有意思?！庇谑怯腥藗餮裕核退辛艘馑迹麄冓s快意思意思。

9、他發(fā)火了，說：“你們這樣瞎說是什么意思?！眰餮哉哂悬c不好意思，便解釋說：“僅僅是開開玩笑而已，絕沒有別的意思?！笔潞?，有人說：“真有意思?！币灿腥苏f：“真沒意思?！弊鎳y(tǒng)一民間協(xié)定民間接觸民間傳說民間工藝民間交往衛(wèi)生局衛(wèi)生紙衛(wèi)生隊個人工業(yè)衛(wèi)生 reunification of China nongovernmental agreement nongovernmental contact popular legend folk arts and crafts people-to-people exchange public health bureau toilet paper medical t

10、eam personalindustrial hygiene開門開車開燈開玩笑開工開夜車開會開刀開業(yè)開支票 open the door drive a car turn on a light crackplay a joke go into operationproduction work late into the night holdhave a meeting perform an operation start a business write a check5.漢語的連動詞漢語句子中，常常有兩個或者兩個以上的動詞作謂語。他們之間用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語連接，但在意義上都與同一主語形成主謂關(guān)系，而且

11、互相之間存在著一定關(guān)系。這種兩個或者兩個以上的動詞連用稱作“連動詞”。5.1 表示并列意義的連動式動詞l我們應(yīng)該加快科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化，積極培養(yǎng)各級各類人才，全面提高勞動者素質(zhì)。We should accelerate the translation of scientific and technological advances into productive forces, make vigorous efforts to train people in various fields at different levels of expertise, and further improve th

12、e overall quality of the workforce.5.2 表示先后次序的連動式動詞l馬明遠(yuǎn)站起來，走到門口，把它扔了出去。Ma Mingyuan rose up, walked to the door and threw it out.5.3 表示目的的連動式動詞他到美國去攻讀企業(yè)管理碩士學(xué)位了。小石打開鳥籠，把金絲雀放了?？彀阉偷结t(yī)院急救。He went to America to further his study for MBA.Xiao Shi opened the cage to set and canary free.Rush him to hospital

13、for emergency treatment.5.4 表示方式的連動式動詞他假裝誠實，取得了上司對他的信任。修股帶著女兒回到了娘家。今天上午，總理一行乘飛機(jī)離開上海。He won trust from his boss by pretending to be an honest man.Xiugu returned to her parents home with her daughter.This morning, the Premier and his party left Shanghai by plane.5.5 表示結(jié)果或者伴隨的連動式動詞昨天下午旅館里發(fā)生炸彈爆炸，炸死27人。他

14、引進(jìn)許多新裝置，大大節(jié)省了時間和勞動力。游行隊伍唱著歌，呼著口號，浩浩蕩蕩穿過廣場。她坐在窗口看書。A bomb exploded in the hotel yesterday afternoon, killing seven people.He introduced a lot of new devices, thus saving much time and labor.Singing and shouting slogans, the paraders marched across the square in an endless procession.She sat by the wi

15、ndow reading.陳光躺在草地上，用帽子遮住雙眼。他雙手叉腰站在那兒。Chen Guang lay down on the grass, his hat pulled over his eyes.He stood there with arms akimbo.Translation:n第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，中國戰(zhàn)場牽制了日本軍70%以上的兵力，中國人民做出了巨大的民族犧牲，緩解了歐洲和太平洋戰(zhàn)場上日軍的壓力，為全世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的最后勝利做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。牽制：pin down兵力：force緩解壓力：ease the pressure歐洲和太平洋戰(zhàn)場：the European an

16、d Pacific war theatires不可磨滅的：indelible反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭：anti-fascist warn第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，中國戰(zhàn)場牽制了日本軍70%以上的兵力，中國人民做出了巨大的民族犧牲，緩解了歐洲和太平洋戰(zhàn)場上日軍的壓力，為全世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的最后勝利做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。During World War II, China fought and pinned down more than 70% of the Japanese forces on its soil and made great national sacrifices to ease the enem

17、y pressure on the European and Pacific war theatres, thus rendering indelible contributions to the final victory of the world-wide anti-fascist war.Passage translation:20世紀(jì)，人類取得了巨大的成就，其中尤其以科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步為最大?？梢灶A(yù)料，在21世紀(jì)，科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展和高科技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起，將推動世界經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)由農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)向工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)而向知識經(jīng)濟(jì)嬗變。世界正在發(fā)生深刻的變化：經(jīng)濟(jì)與科學(xué)技術(shù)的結(jié)合與日俱增；世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的重組加快步伐；經(jīng)

18、濟(jì)繁榮不僅取決于資源和資本的總量，而且直接有賴于技術(shù)知識和信息的積累和應(yīng)用。創(chuàng)新是時代的主題，對于世界的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。 這次到臺灣訪問交流，雖然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，訪了舊友，交了新知，大家走到一起，談?wù)摰囊粋€重要話題就是中華民族在21世紀(jì)的強(qiáng)盛。雖然祖國大陸、臺灣的青年生活在不同的社會環(huán)境中，有著各自不同的生活經(jīng)歷，但大家的內(nèi)心都深深銘刻著中華文化優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)的印記，都擁有著振興中華民族的共同理想。在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時代，我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強(qiáng)，海峽兩岸人民也將加強(qiáng)交流，共同推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的早日完成。世紀(jì)之交的寶貴機(jī)遇和巨大挑戰(zhàn)將青年推到了歷史前臺?？缡兰o(jì)青年一代應(yīng)該用什么樣

19、的姿態(tài)迎接充滿希望的新世紀(jì)，這是我們必須回答的問題。The future of the world is of particular interest to my country because we have such a huge stake in it. Britain lives by commerce. With 2% of the worlds population, we are the worlds fifth largest trading nation. We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and services that we export, the investment that we attract and we make abroad. The strength of our financial sector is well-known; the worlds leading centre for international bank lending, foreign exchange, aviation and marine insurance, for example. But British