(2010.10.10)電大綜合英語(yǔ)(2)文本答疑(文本)

1、（2010.10.10）綜合英語(yǔ)(2)文本答疑（文本）易碩：綜合英語(yǔ)（2）課程考核說(shuō)明考核方式本課程的考核采取兩種形式：形成性考核和課程終結(jié)考試。課程總成績(jī)?yōu)榘俜种?，形成性考核?0%，課程終結(jié)考試占70%。1形成性考核：包括平時(shí)作業(yè)、參與面授輔導(dǎo)和各項(xiàng)教學(xué)活動(dòng)的情況。2課程終結(jié)考試：滿(mǎn)分100分，由中央電大統(tǒng)一命題，在同一時(shí)間實(shí)行全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試張宇光： thanks.楊思潔：怎么了解國(guó)外的歷史？張宇光：在能理解文章內(nèi)容的前提下，進(jìn)行廣泛涉獵，不必求甚解，只求擴(kuò)大眼界：社會(huì)科學(xué)、歷史、地理、藝術(shù)、風(fēng)土人情、科學(xué)技術(shù)等都可作為閱讀范圍。這樣，既培養(yǎng)了語(yǔ)感，又增加了文化背景知識(shí)，達(dá)到扎扎實(shí)實(shí)提高英語(yǔ)

2、水平的目的。你不可不知道的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)背景知識(shí)：美國(guó)歷史重大事件及著名人物(英漢對(duì)照)是“你不可不知道的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)背景知識(shí)”叢書(shū)中的一本。當(dāng)初我們編寫(xiě)這套叢書(shū)是為了使英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)全面了解英美文化。英美民間故事與民俗介紹膾炙人口的英美民間故事、傳說(shuō)、迷信、動(dòng)物和植物的象征、社交禮節(jié)、身體語(yǔ)言、婚俗及節(jié)假日等常識(shí)。古希臘羅馬神話(huà)與西方民間傳說(shuō)重點(diǎn)介紹古希臘羅馬神話(huà)。古希臘羅馬神話(huà)是西方人文精神的搖籃，現(xiàn)代西方文明的根基之一，西方文學(xué)、藝術(shù)和音樂(lè)的題材寶庫(kù)，也是英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的重要來(lái)源之一。現(xiàn)代西方文明的另一根基是基督教?；浇淘缫褲B透到西方文化的各個(gè)方面，是西方文學(xué)、藝術(shù)和音樂(lè)的另一重大題材庫(kù)。不了

3、解基督教，了解英美文化就無(wú)從談起。而圣經(jīng)又是基督教的經(jīng)典，基督教文化的支柱，英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的最大來(lái)源?；浇膛c圣經(jīng)提供了這方面的基本知識(shí)。任何一個(gè)民族的文化現(xiàn)狀，都是其歷史發(fā)展的結(jié)果。英美人目前的政治制度、思想觀念、價(jià)值體系乃至民族特性，無(wú)不可從其歷史中找出答案。英國(guó)歷史重大事件及著名人物和美國(guó)歷史重大事件及著名人物是兩國(guó)歷史的概述。楊思潔：學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)怎樣才能事半功倍？張宇光：許多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者都有一個(gè)同感：當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)達(dá)到一定程度后，要再上一個(gè)層次似乎變得非常困難，常有一種事倍功半的感覺(jué)，而且，不同英語(yǔ)水平的人要“更上”不同的“一層樓”時(shí)，都會(huì)遇到這個(gè)具有共性的問(wèn)題。究其原因，沒(méi)有足夠的閱讀量是根本性的制約因

4、素，因?yàn)殚喿x量不夠，至少會(huì)造成如下幾方面的弊端，從而造成“原地踏步”的境況：缺乏語(yǔ)感。語(yǔ)感就是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的一種直覺(jué)。一個(gè)人講話(huà)像不像英語(yǔ)或一篇文章寫(xiě)得像不像英文，我們能直接覺(jué)察到，這就是語(yǔ)感。語(yǔ)感不是天生的，是在學(xué)習(xí)中逐步培養(yǎng)并加強(qiáng)的，閱讀材料上如果沒(méi)有一定量的積累，就難以建立起語(yǔ)感，而沒(méi)有語(yǔ)感，讀起文章來(lái)就很費(fèi)勁，盡管每個(gè)語(yǔ)法都明白，每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，但仍然不能從整體上欣賞、把握一篇文章。缺乏文化背景。語(yǔ)言是文化的一部分，具有極深的文化底蘊(yùn)。沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言文化背景，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者就不能真正完全讀懂外國(guó)文獻(xiàn)(尤其是社會(huì)科學(xué)類(lèi))、順暢地與外國(guó)朋友交流，就是因?yàn)椴涣私庥⒄Z(yǔ)的習(xí)俗文化、思維文化及歷史文化，存在著詞匯

5、、修飾、習(xí)用語(yǔ)等方面的阻礙。而文化背景的獲取，最理想、最地道的方法還是通過(guò)大量閱讀各種文章(著作)，通過(guò)天長(zhǎng)日久的積累，從而消除文化上的隔膜。不適應(yīng)語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格。每一種語(yǔ)言都有其獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格，例如英語(yǔ)中大量地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)句，而漢語(yǔ)則習(xí)慣用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表達(dá)，如果一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)者只從理論層面上認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)而沒(méi)有大量的閱讀實(shí)踐，那么他在閱讀過(guò)程中就不適應(yīng)于這種風(fēng)格，總試圖首先用母語(yǔ)思維方式對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行“轉(zhuǎn)換”，這樣的讀書(shū)效率顯然是不高的，講出來(lái)的英語(yǔ)也是母語(yǔ)式的。通過(guò)大量的閱讀，就可以克服以上幾方面的障礙，這時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)者就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)其實(shí)就像母語(yǔ)一樣可親可近，并不是想像的那樣高不可攀，在不自覺(jué)之時(shí)，水平已提高了一個(gè)層次。那

6、么，具體怎樣閱讀，讀什么呢？1、精泛并舉，范圍要廣。對(duì)于比較精彩的文章，要仔細(xì)咀嚼，不但要借助于詞典等工具，對(duì)其中的主要詞語(yǔ)、句型、語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行透徹地分析，還要細(xì)細(xì)揣摸文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)及它的言外之意。這也就要求精讀選擇的分量不要大，重在“精”。所謂“泛”，就是大面積地閱讀，在能理解文章內(nèi)容的前提下，進(jìn)行廣泛涉獵，不必求甚解，只求擴(kuò)大眼界：社會(huì)科學(xué)、歷史、地理、藝術(shù)、風(fēng)土人情、科學(xué)技術(shù)等都可作為閱讀范圍。這樣，既培養(yǎng)了語(yǔ)感，又增加了文化背景知識(shí)，達(dá)到扎扎實(shí)實(shí)提高英語(yǔ)水平的目的。2、盡可能地讀原著文章(著作)。開(kāi)始直接讀原著，會(huì)有較大難度，可以首先閱讀幾本簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)或故事、英美文學(xué)名著，這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)讀本因保持

7、原作的風(fēng)格，文字也多出處在原文，可以增加感性認(rèn)識(shí)，培養(yǎng)并增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感，再逐漸過(guò)渡到讀原著，因?yàn)樵攀钦嬲摹坝⒄Z(yǔ)”，通過(guò)閱讀它，才進(jìn)入了地道的英語(yǔ)世界，對(duì)語(yǔ)匯、語(yǔ)法、句型及文化背景等的理解和掌握才有了生機(jī)。反觀目前國(guó)內(nèi)市面上的一些“閱讀訓(xùn)練”材料，更多是漢譯英的文字，一則內(nèi)容熟悉，二則譯文受漢語(yǔ)影響，不利于真正提高閱讀理解能力。3、要持之以恒。英語(yǔ)作為一種語(yǔ)言，從掌握到熟練運(yùn)用需要一個(gè)過(guò)程，就像一個(gè)人不可能通過(guò)三五天的好吃猛吃，就長(zhǎng)得膀大腰圓一樣，對(duì)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)也貴在堅(jiān)持。有人算過(guò)，閱讀水平中等的人，讀一般的書(shū)，每天讀15分鐘，一年就可以讀到20本書(shū)。每個(gè)人應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的情況，每天安排一定的時(shí)間(

8、如30分鐘)來(lái)閱讀。只有通過(guò)“細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流”，才能在英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)中取得質(zhì)的飛躍。當(dāng)有一天你讀國(guó)外名著就像讀西游記一樣輕松時(shí)，那不是你用某個(gè)“技巧”取得的，而是你“滴水穿石”的結(jié)果，此時(shí)，制約英語(yǔ)水平提高的“瓶頸”才算真正打破。易碩：綜合英語(yǔ)（2）期末復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)。張宇光：綜合英語(yǔ)（II）課程考核說(shuō)明綜合英語(yǔ)是中央廣播電視大學(xué)高等專(zhuān)科英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的必修課程之一，分四個(gè)學(xué)期開(kāi)設(shè)，每個(gè)學(xué)期期末進(jìn)行全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試。綜合英語(yǔ)（II）在第二學(xué)期開(kāi)設(shè)。為指導(dǎo)全國(guó)廣播電視大學(xué)綜合英語(yǔ)（II）課程的考試命題和組織工作，以及幫助學(xué)生行之有效地復(fù)習(xí)好這門(mén)功課，檢查教學(xué)質(zhì)量，特制訂本復(fù)習(xí)提要（或考試大綱）。一、考核對(duì)象中央廣播電視大

9、學(xué)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)科第二學(xué)期的學(xué)生。二、考核方式本課程的考核采取兩種形式：形成性考核和課程終結(jié)考試。課程總成績(jī)?yōu)榘俜种?，形成性考核?0%，課程終結(jié)考試占70%。1形成性考核：包括平時(shí)作業(yè)、參與面授輔導(dǎo)和各項(xiàng)教學(xué)活動(dòng)的情況。2課程終結(jié)考試：滿(mǎn)分100分，由中央電大統(tǒng)一命題，在同一時(shí)間實(shí)行全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試。三、命題依據(jù)本課程終結(jié)考試的依據(jù)是中央廣播電視大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)科教學(xué)計(jì)劃、“綜合英語(yǔ)”教學(xué)大綱以及新思維綜合英語(yǔ) ( II )教材。四、評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1詞匯：認(rèn)知詞匯3500個(gè)左右（包括已學(xué)的2500個(gè)左右），熟練掌握其中的1600個(gè)左右基礎(chǔ)詞匯（包括已掌握的1200個(gè)左右）及其最基本的搭配，并能在語(yǔ)言交

10、際中正確運(yùn)用（詳見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)（專(zhuān)科）英語(yǔ)教學(xué)基本要求詞匯表）。2語(yǔ)法：較好地掌握基本語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，正確運(yùn)用已學(xué)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)（詳見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)（專(zhuān)科）英語(yǔ)教學(xué)基本要求語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表）。3閱讀：能運(yùn)用上述語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，以每分鐘6070個(gè)詞的速度閱讀與所學(xué)詞匯、語(yǔ)法水平相當(dāng)?shù)挠⑽牟牧希⒛芨鶕?jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。要求了解所讀材料的中心大意，領(lǐng)會(huì)要點(diǎn)并掌握有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。4翻譯：能運(yùn)用上述語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，將內(nèi)容比較熟悉的漢語(yǔ)句子譯成英語(yǔ)；能將難度相當(dāng)于所學(xué)教材里的一般性題材的英文材料譯成英語(yǔ)，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，譯意通順。 考試的基本評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相當(dāng)于該科目普通高等院校二年制專(zhuān)科第二學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)的水平。五、命題原則根據(jù)教材所涵蓋的交際話(huà)題、交

11、際功能、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)以及與教材難度相當(dāng)?shù)淖x寫(xiě)技能命題，涉及教材內(nèi)容（指學(xué)生在教材里學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的詞匯、語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言功能、語(yǔ)言情景等）不少于50%。 由于英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)專(zhuān)科的學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)“綜合英語(yǔ)”課的同時(shí)，還開(kāi)設(shè)了“英語(yǔ)閱讀”、“英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)”、“英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力”等其它課程，所以在“綜合英語(yǔ)”這門(mén)課的考試?yán)铮辉O(shè)立聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)考核的內(nèi)容?？谡Z(yǔ)和聽(tīng)力技能的考核將在“英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)”和“英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力”課程的考試中來(lái)完成。希望老師和同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中能充分把握好一點(diǎn)，那就是：“綜合英語(yǔ)”是一門(mén)集聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯為一體的英語(yǔ)多項(xiàng)技能綜合訓(xùn)練課。我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的也不外乎提高運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力，即所謂“Communicative

12、 skills”。教材里雖然沒(méi)有單獨(dú)安排“英譯漢”或者“漢譯英”的練習(xí)，但是教師在教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)過(guò)程以及學(xué)生在自學(xué)過(guò)程中都可以利用教材里所附的“參考譯文”進(jìn)行由英語(yǔ)到漢語(yǔ)和由漢語(yǔ)到英語(yǔ)的翻譯練習(xí)，以鞏固和加深對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)容的掌握和理解，并能在實(shí)踐中得到進(jìn)一步鍛煉。六、考試形式與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)綜合英語(yǔ)課的課程終結(jié)考試為筆試，采取閉卷形式。考試時(shí)間為90分鐘。試卷分為試題和答題紙兩部分，考生需要將所有答案填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。選擇題（第I，II，III，IV題）一律要求將所選擇的字母涂黑（如模擬試題所示）。試題共5個(gè)部分，45個(gè)小題，滿(mǎn)分100分。具體題型如下：第I部分：詞匯、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)10小題, 每小題2分，共10

13、分。每小題為一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，其中留有一處空白。要求考生從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使句子完整正確。第II部分：多項(xiàng)選擇（組成對(duì)話(huà)） 10 小題，每小題2分，共10 分。每小題為一個(gè)小對(duì)話(huà)和三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，對(duì)話(huà)中有一句話(huà)空缺。要求考生從所給的選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一句將對(duì)話(huà)補(bǔ)充完整。第III部分：完形填空10小題，每小題2分，共20分。在一篇短文中有10處空白，每個(gè)空白為一小題，每小題有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。要求考生在理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上，選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)正確完整。第IV部分：閱讀理解 10小題，每小題2分，共20分。閱讀兩篇短文，總閱讀量為1000字左右。每篇短文后有5個(gè)小題，每小題后有四個(gè)選

14、項(xiàng)。要求考生根據(jù)所閱讀的短文的內(nèi)容從中選擇一個(gè)最佳答案。第V部分：英漢互譯5小題，每小題4分，共20分。每小題為一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)句子，要求考生將這些句子譯成英語(yǔ)或漢語(yǔ)。要求漢譯英時(shí)必須使用括號(hào)里給出的單詞。七、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)、記分與時(shí)間分配部分名稱(chēng)題量分值總分參考時(shí)間（分鐘）I多項(xiàng)選擇（詞匯語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)）1022015II多項(xiàng)選擇（組成對(duì)話(huà)）1022010III完形填空1022015IV閱讀理解1022030V英漢互譯542020合計(jì)4510090八、考試要求本課程終結(jié)考試為閉卷考試，考生不得攜帶任何形式的參考資料和電子讀物或工具。九、教學(xué)或自學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意的若干問(wèn)題1、正確處理語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言能力的關(guān)系本

15、課程的教學(xué)目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力，這一目的是通過(guò)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)和大量的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。教學(xué)或自學(xué)過(guò)程中要注意，語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的講授應(yīng)該結(jié)合實(shí)踐，而不應(yīng)單純追求知識(shí)本身的系統(tǒng)性。知識(shí)項(xiàng)目的選擇和安排要服從語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的需要，而不應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生死記硬背語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)掌握得如何，要看學(xué)員在語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用這些知識(shí)的能力。2、正確處理聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯各項(xiàng)技能的關(guān)系本課程要對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)、譯基本技能訓(xùn)練。教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)根據(jù)循序漸進(jìn)的原則，不同階段須有不同的側(cè)重。第一學(xué)年應(yīng)注重語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)的教學(xué)和聽(tīng)說(shuō)訓(xùn)練。入學(xué)后，須適當(dāng)安排一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行語(yǔ)音集中訓(xùn)練、嚴(yán)格正音、正調(diào)。與此同時(shí)，應(yīng)兼顧讀

16、寫(xiě)能力的培養(yǎng)，以便逐步過(guò)渡到口筆并重，全面提高運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力；第二學(xué)年在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行聽(tīng)說(shuō)訓(xùn)練的同時(shí)，應(yīng)該強(qiáng)化讀寫(xiě)訓(xùn)練。課文學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)注重段落篇章的整體理解。強(qiáng)調(diào)在段落、篇章中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯、詞組和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，以利提高連貫表達(dá)能力。結(jié)合課文，逐步介紹寫(xiě)作、翻譯、修辭及文學(xué)欣賞方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。3、重視教材在教學(xué)和自學(xué)過(guò)程中的作用教材是實(shí)現(xiàn)大綱的重要保證。為了打好語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，提高文化素養(yǎng)，教材努力為學(xué)生自學(xué)或課堂輔導(dǎo)提供最佳的語(yǔ)言樣本和系統(tǒng)的、有針對(duì)性的語(yǔ)言材料。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)該充分利用教材里提供的多種語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐機(jī)會(huì)，努力提高英語(yǔ)交際能力。4、充分利用現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)，正確處理好多種媒體教材之間的關(guān)系教學(xué)和自學(xué)

17、過(guò)程中應(yīng)正確處理多種媒體教材（錄音、以及CAI計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)光盤(pán)）與面授輔導(dǎo)課的關(guān)系。錄音和CAI計(jì)算機(jī)輔助語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)材料的使用需要有機(jī)地納入整個(gè)課程的教學(xué)計(jì)劃，與文字教材配合使用。自學(xué)和教學(xué)過(guò)程中要充分發(fā)揮錄音和CAI課件優(yōu)勢(shì)，形象直觀地向?qū)W生示范英語(yǔ)在實(shí)際交際中的使用。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上，面授輔導(dǎo)課要發(fā)揮其便于開(kāi)展雙向和多向交流的長(zhǎng)處，大量進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐練習(xí)，以彌補(bǔ)自學(xué)過(guò)程中在這方面的不足。實(shí)踐證明，現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)手段如錄音、錄象、電影、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及多媒體課件的使用有助于提高英語(yǔ)教學(xué)質(zhì)量，尤其是因特網(wǎng)的運(yùn)用為廣大師生提供了更加廣泛的語(yǔ)言素材和教學(xué)資源。在教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)和指導(dǎo)過(guò)程中要鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自覺(jué)地使用各

18、種現(xiàn)代教育手段，真正發(fā)揮遠(yuǎn)程教育的優(yōu)勢(shì)。5、正確處理綜合英語(yǔ)課與單項(xiàng)技能課和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)課之間的關(guān)系本課程是一門(mén)英語(yǔ)綜合技能訓(xùn)練課，與該課程同時(shí)開(kāi)設(shè)的有“英語(yǔ)閱讀”、“英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)”、“英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力”、“英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作”等。這些課程各有側(cè)重，相輔相成，都以培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力為最終目的。在教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)過(guò)程中，要注意它與相關(guān)課程的銜接、配合與分工。自學(xué)或教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)正確處理綜合英語(yǔ)課與單項(xiàng)技能課和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)課之間的關(guān)系。兩者既相互獨(dú)立、又有交叉與重復(fù)，兩者相輔相成。前者突出的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力，在不同階段所強(qiáng)調(diào)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同；后者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一技能或知識(shí)的深入，并從不同的角度促進(jìn)學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力的提

19、高。6妥善處理測(cè)試和教學(xué)的關(guān)系測(cè)試是貫徹執(zhí)行大綱的重要保證?？茖W(xué)的測(cè)試結(jié)果可以為教學(xué)提供良好的反饋，幫助輔導(dǎo)教師了解教學(xué)效果，改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法，提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量；還可以幫助學(xué)生了解自己的學(xué)習(xí)情況，改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方法。因此，測(cè)試應(yīng)以大綱要求和教學(xué)內(nèi)容為基本依據(jù)。教學(xué)中，應(yīng)注重培養(yǎng)實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力；測(cè)試時(shí)，要注重考核語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。教學(xué)與學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要防止應(yīng)試教育傾向。7突出“成人、業(yè)余、實(shí)用”的特點(diǎn)廣播電視大學(xué)專(zhuān)科教育的特點(diǎn)是“成人、業(yè)余、實(shí)用”。應(yīng)該充分發(fā)揮成人理解力、邏輯思維能力強(qiáng)，有一定的本族語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)和文化背景知識(shí)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，同時(shí)注意克服成人學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的不利因素，如模仿力較差，母語(yǔ)的干擾，怕開(kāi)口等。成人學(xué)

20、生大多是從業(yè)人員，工學(xué)矛盾突出，自學(xué)時(shí)間難以保證，但是他們的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)明確，積極性強(qiáng)。因此，在編寫(xiě)教材和教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)中必須充分考慮到這些特點(diǎn)，如在選擇教學(xué)內(nèi)容時(shí)應(yīng)本著“必須夠用、實(shí)用”的原則，在教學(xué)中應(yīng)講究方法，注意復(fù)習(xí)鞏固，充分調(diào)動(dòng)成人學(xué)習(xí)的有利因素。8關(guān)于翻譯訓(xùn)練本套教材沒(méi)有單獨(dú)設(shè)立翻譯練習(xí)活動(dòng)，廣大師生在自學(xué)或教學(xué)過(guò)程中可以適當(dāng)增加一些翻譯練習(xí)，比如將教材里的對(duì)話(huà)和課文翻譯成英語(yǔ)或?qū)W(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)里所附的參考譯文翻譯成漢語(yǔ)，與教材里的原文相比較。同時(shí)，可以結(jié)合學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)里對(duì)部分語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的講解，練習(xí)運(yùn)用那些比較常見(jiàn)的用法，從而達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。十、樣題（見(jiàn)所附樣題）綜合英語(yǔ)(II) 樣題（僅供參考）I.

21、 Directions: (Vocabulary & Structure)Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Example: The homeless couple _ at last in finding a flat to rent.Amanaged B

22、didCfinishedDsucceededThe sentence should read, “The homeless couple succeeded at last in finding a flat to rent.” Therefore you should choose D.1. An argument _ in the classroom between the children.A. broke out B. broke in C. broke off D. broke though2. When she is drunk, shes _ of saying rude thi

23、ngs.A. ashamed B. envious C. capable D. independent3. He has no _ of winning.A. occasion B. chance C. favors D. fate4. Lets leave early, _ well get stuck in a traffic jam.A. unless B. despite C. so D. otherwise5. Words play an important _ in our everyday life.A. character B. position C. role D. duty

24、6. _ but a strong man could have lifted it.A. One B. No one C. Any D. Not one7. I didnt hear _ because there was too much noise where I was sitting.A. what did he say B. what he said C. what was he saying D. what he says8. They tried to book the tickets five days earlier. They _ them ten days earlie

25、r.A. would have booked B. must have booked C. might have booked D. should have booked9. He will continue the work _ tries to stand over him.A. no matter how B. no matter he C. no matter who D. no matter whom10. You would not feel tired this morning if you _to bed at a reasonable hour last night.A. w

26、ould go B. went C. had gone D. goII. Directions:Choose A, B or C to complete each conversation, using the sentences below. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Example: - Oh, look. Joni Mitchell is in town. -_. - What? Shes one of the greatest folk singers in the world! A. Whos that? Ive

27、 never heard of her.B. Sure, Im in town.C. Yes, Im glad shes coming.Answer A is correct because the conversation should read, “- Oh, look. Joni Mitchell is in town. - Whos that? Ive never heard of her. - Whats that? Shes one of the greatest folk singers in the world!”11. Thank you for calling Travel

28、 Options. How can I help you?_.A. I want to get her something that shell like.B. I like some information about your winter package tours to Florida.C. Could you tell me if there are any color TV sets left in your store? 12. I wonder what happened to Don. He was supposed to be here half an hour ago._

29、. A. He must not have had enough money this week.B. I wouldnt worry if I were you. He might have gotten stuck in the traffic.C. Shes been working overtime quite a lot lately. 13. I just havent been myself recently._. A. Where did you go?B. How often do you do that?C. Whats the matter? 14. How about

30、getting together on Monday at 11:00 am? _.A. Well, it might rain tomorrow.B. Im sorry, but I have a staff meeting then.C. I dont like going for a walk now.15. I wish you didnt have to travel so much. Youre gone more often than youre home._.A. Its been hard for both of us. If I could find another job

31、, you know Id take it in a minute. B. When is your next trip? Did you say Monday? C. Where have you been working since you quit your job at the bank?16. Have you heard from Norma recently? _.A. Sorry, I didnt hear anything. It was so noisy.B. Come on. Wouldnt you like to go somewhere and do somethin

32、g?C. Shes not written to me since last summer. 17. You know, I really dont feel like going to Chucks party tomorrow night. _.A. All I want to do is stay home and sleep.B. Really? I thought youd be excited about it.C. She wont be able to go unless she can find a baby-sitter.18. How come youve been wo

33、rking so hard? _.A. Ive been doing construction work and its been a busy season. B. If I have time next week, why dont we play tennis together?C. No, I didnt come to work here today. 19. Hi, Dan. Im calling to ask if you want me to pick you up for the party tomorrow night. _.A. Id love to, but forge

34、t about the restaurant!.B. Youd better not count on me for the party. I just have too many exams to correct.C. Not too good. Arent you doing anything on Saturday?.20. I havent been getting much sleep lately. _. A. Let me see. I thought I got more stuff than I thought. B. I guess not. I really should

35、 take up some sport.C. If I were you, Id take some time off.III. Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Parents and teenagers often disagree about the amount of

36、 freedom and responsibility that the young people are 21 . The teenagers often want to be free to choose their own friends, select their own 22 in school, plan for their own vocational futures, 23 and spend their own money, and generally live their own life in a more independent 24 more than many pa

37、rents are able to 25 .Most problems between teenagers and their parents are best 26 by joint planning and 27 -making. Problems do occur in every family. When family disagreements are 28 , the best solution is when all of the persons 29 interest in the situation, share in working it out. For parents

38、and young people learn how to get through to each other and 30 skills in understanding, and are understood, even the most difficult problems are solved. 21. A. to be B. to have C. to do D. to be had22. A. tests B. causes C. courses D. grades23. A. earn B. hand C. loan D. borrow24. A. style B. notion

39、 C. shape D. fashion25. A. to appeal to B. to disagree C. to worry D. allow26. A. dissolved B. solved C. answered D. dismissed27. A. decision B. precision C. money D. division28. A. agreed B. avoided C. aroused D. happened29. A. take B. with C. of D. have30. A. develop B. engage C. change D. disagre

40、eIV. Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Questions 3135 are based on the

41、 following passage. An angry woman stood on the station platform. “The railway should pay me £12,” she said to Harry Jenks, the man in the booking office. “My ticket was for May 22nd and there was no ship from Jersey (a British Island in English Channel) that night. My daughter and I had to sta

42、y in a hotel. It cost me £12.” Harry was worried. He remembered selling the woman a return ticket. “Come into the office, madam,” he said politely. “Ill just check the Jersey timetable for May 22nd.” The woman and her little girl followed him inside. She was quite right, as Harry soon discovere

43、d. There was no sailing in May 22nd. How had he made such a careless mistake? Not knowing what to do, he smiled at the child. “You look sun burnt,” he said to her. “Did you have a nice holiday in Jersey?” “Yes,” she answered, shyly. “The beach was lovely. And I can swim too!” “Thats fine,” said Harr

44、y. “My little girl cant swim a bit yet. Of course, shes only three ” “Im four,” the little girl said proudly/ “Ill soon be four and a half.” Harry turned to the mother. “I remember your ticket, madam,” he said. “But you didnt get one for your daughter, did you?” “Er, well” The woman looked at the ch

45、ild. “I mean she hasnt started school yet. Shes only four.” “A four year old child must have a ticket, madam. A childs return ticket to Jersey costs let me see - £13.50. So if you want to the railway to pay £ 12 for your hotel, you will have to pay the railway £13,50. The law is the l

46、aw, but since the fault was mine ” The woman stood up, took the childs hand and left the office. 31. The woman and her daughter left Jersey on May _.A. 20th B. 21st C. 22nd D. 23rd 32. A return ticket is a ticket that _.A. allows a passenger to travel to a placeB. one buys when one returnsC. must be

47、 returned if one wants to get his money backD. allows a passenger to travel to a place and return later33. The man in the booking office mentioned the childs ticket in order to _.A. send the woman awayB. get back £1.50C. say sorry to the womanD. make clear the importance of the law34. According

48、 to the man in the booking office, a child _.A. must have a ticket just like a grown-upB. can not travel without a ticketC. below the age of four can travel without a ticketD. can travel with grown-ups without a ticket35. At last the woman got _ from the railway booking office.A. £13.50B. £

49、;1.50C. £12D. nothingQuestions 3640 are based on the following passage. Every people uses its special words to describe things and express ideas. Some of these expressions are commonly used for many years. Others are popular for just a short time. One such American expression is “Wheres the bee

50、f?” It is used when something is not as good as it is said to be. In the early 1980s “Wheres the beef?” was one of the most popular expressions in the United States. It seemed as if everyone was using it at the time. Beef, of course, is the meat from a cow and probably no food is more popular in Ame

51、rica than a hamburger made from beef. In the 1960s a businessman named Ray Kroc began building small restaurants that sold hamburgers at a low price. Kroc called his restaurants “McDonalds” Kroc cooled hamburgers quickly so people in a hurry could buy and eat them without waiting. By the end of the

52、1960s the McDonalds company was selling hamburgers in hundreds of restaurants from California to Maine. Not surprisingly, Ray Kroc became one of the richest businessmen in America. Other business people watched his success. Some of them opened their own hamburger restaurants. One company, called “We

53、ndys”, began to compete with McDonalds or anyone else. The Wendys Company created the expression “Wheres the beef?” to make people believe that Wendys hamburgers were the biggest. It produced a television advertisement to sell this idea. The Wendys television advertisement showed there old women eating hamburgers. The bread that covered the meat was very big, but inside there was only a tiny bit of meat. One o