閱讀技巧之無(wú)敵詞義猜測(cè)

1、猜測(cè)詞義猜測(cè)詞義 讀懂文章讀懂文章A farmer. He can A farmer. He can raise pigs, raise pigs, chickens and so chickens and so on without lifting on without lifting them.them.There is a fan in There is a fan in every seat.every seat.Prestidigitator procrastinate變戲法的人變戲法的人拖延拖延 方法一：構(gòu)詞構(gòu)詞法法1.方法介紹方法介紹prefix (前綴） suffix（后綴）

2、un- word root (詞根） believe -able(1) 派生詞派生詞否定詞綴 前綴：前綴：dis- dislike im- impossible in- informal un- unhappy non- non-stop mis- misunderstand il- illegal ir- irregular ab- abnormal 后綴后綴: -less careless, useless其他常見(jiàn)詞綴 anti- 反對(duì)反對(duì) pre- 前前 bi- 兩，二兩，二 re- 向后；重新向后；重新 tri- 三三 semi- 半半 com- 共同共同 Sino- 中國(guó)的中國(guó)的 c

3、on- 共同共同 sub- 下；次要下；次要 inter- 在在之間；互相之間；互相 tele- 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn) kilo- 千千 trans- 轉(zhuǎn)移，變換轉(zhuǎn)移，變換 mini- 小小 under- 下；不足下；不足 multi- 多多 over- 過(guò)度；在上（外）過(guò)度；在上（外）subcontinent:次大陸次大陸 n. n.sub- continent 次要次要 大陸大陸 n. n.subover-consumption:過(guò)度消費(fèi)過(guò)度消費(fèi) n.consume consumption over-consumption消費(fèi)，消耗消費(fèi)，消耗 v.消費(fèi)消費(fèi) n.過(guò)度過(guò)度 With their shinin

4、g brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:無(wú)條件的無(wú)條件的, ,絕對(duì)的絕對(duì)的 adj.adj.condition conditional 情況，條件情況，條件 n. n. 有條件的有條件的 adj.adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:沒(méi)有判斷力的沒(méi)有判斷力的judge j

5、udgment judgmental判斷判斷 v.判斷判斷 n.adj.nonjudgmental:(2) 合成詞合成詞grassgrasseatingeating grass-eatingwaterproofenergy-savingsnow-whitecross culturemass-produced 防水的防水的 節(jié)能的節(jié)能的 雪白的雪白的 跨文化跨文化 大批量生產(chǎn)大批量生產(chǎn)的的(2) 合成詞合成詞 方法二：方法二：利用上下文線索利用上下文線索同義詞、近義詞同義詞、近義詞 Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples he

6、alth. They also regard drinking as harmful.有害的有害的 adj. 作者可能會(huì)用一個(gè)近義詞或者同義詞去解釋另一作者可能會(huì)用一個(gè)近義詞或者同義詞去解釋另一個(gè)更難的詞，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近義詞往個(gè)更難的詞，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近義詞往往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一段落中。往出現(xiàn)在同一句或者同一段落中。 also技巧技巧 1 harmful The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.同義詞、近義詞同義詞常見(jiàn)信息同義詞常見(jiàn)信息詞：詞：or,

7、namely, that is, i.e., that is to say,等等。反義詞反義詞eg. Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely “homely” means “ ”.uglyUnlike handsome技巧技巧 2With the help of words like: unlike, but however, while, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand.etc. Rather than liki

8、ng the movie, as I expected them to, all my friends abhorred it. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is a man of few words.A. 活潑的活潑的 B. 好動(dòng)的好動(dòng)的 C. 多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的 D. 可愛(ài)的可愛(ài)的 Rather thanliking不贊成；不同意不贊成；不同意厭惡，憎恨厭惡，憎恨howeverwhileagreedfew words定義、解釋定義、解釋 通過(guò)定

9、義，包括定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)（信通過(guò)定義，包括定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)（信號(hào)詞：號(hào)詞：be, mean, refer to; or, that is (to say), namely, in other words, to put it another way）以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（）以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（冒號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)破折號(hào)、括號(hào)）來(lái)確定詞義。）來(lái)確定詞義。技巧技巧 31.To get along with your roommate, do your share of chores, for example, cooking, cleaning, doing laundry, and taking out

10、the garbage.下文舉例說(shuō)明下文舉例說(shuō)明chore的意思的意思, 可確定可確定chore的的意思為意思為 “家務(wù)勞動(dòng)家務(wù)勞動(dòng)”。 舉例子舉例子技巧技巧 4舉例子常見(jiàn)信息舉例子常見(jiàn)信息詞：詞：for instance/ example, such as, like, especially 等等。因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系相相關(guān)連詞關(guān)連詞： because, as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so that， etc.技巧技巧 5因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系技巧技巧 5 My son could not follow the teachers directio

11、ns, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class. Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet? A. breaking B. following C. attending D. disturbing因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系技巧技巧 5 The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the grow

12、th of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.The word “pruning” means _. regular cutting of the plants frequent watering regular use of chemicals A. growing the plants high in the mountainbecause 方法三：方法三：經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí) A child of the Depression(大蕭條大蕭條), Sheila w

13、as raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls.The word “l(fā)uxury” means _. something rare but not pleasant something that cannot be imagined something expensive but not necessary A. something that can only be enjoyed by boys(2) The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The

14、 surface of the water evaporates， forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward “evaporates” means “_”turns into vapour 蒸發(fā)蒸發(fā) 構(gòu)詞構(gòu)詞法法 上下文上下文線索線索 經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí) 同義詞、近義詞同義詞、近義詞 反義詞反義詞 定定義義、解、解釋釋 舉舉例子例子 因果因果關(guān)關(guān)系系 2. Summary 小結(jié)小結(jié)634578910111213141512游戲以搶答方式進(jìn)行，老師說(shuō)開(kāi)始，誰(shuí)最先游戲以搶答方式進(jìn)行，老師說(shuō)開(kāi)始，誰(shuí)最先站起來(lái)誰(shuí)就有權(quán)利選擇一個(gè)雞蛋。站起來(lái)

15、誰(shuí)就有權(quán)利選擇一個(gè)雞蛋。每個(gè)蛋里有一道題目，只有答對(duì)了才能得到每個(gè)蛋里有一道題目，只有答對(duì)了才能得到相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)。相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)。溫馨提示：里面有一個(gè)壞蛋，別選錯(cuò)哦！溫馨提示：里面有一個(gè)壞蛋，別選錯(cuò)哦！634578910111213141512she poured the water into a tock. Then lifting the tock, she drank.Unfortunately, as she was setting it down again, the tock slipped from her hand and broke.Only the handle remained

16、 in one piece.15一種杯子一種杯子Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A.town B. capital C. country D. housethe city10Even presidents must perform such mundane activities as brushing their teeth and washing their hands and faces.15平凡的平凡的He

17、 replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. A. careful B. hard C. good D. quick15 Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without pay

18、ing for them. 10If your answer is wrong, the points will be given to other groups.小偷小偷Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym.10筆名筆名You can get 20 points with doing nothing.2020 points will be taken away from your group.201. In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing souwes

19、ters, 2. An east or northeast wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a souwester usually bring rain.西南風(fēng)西南風(fēng)一種后沿較寬可護(hù)頸的防水帽一種后沿較寬可護(hù)頸的防水帽 the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.30The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 從下文從下文戴上戴上spectacles后開(kāi)始閱讀后開(kāi)始閱讀可可猜得其詞義為猜得其詞義為眼鏡眼鏡 5Althou

20、gh he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.15I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure

21、income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.10 With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _. A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skills

22、10She is usually for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.15 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.20麻醉劑麻醉劑3.鞏

23、固與提高鞏固與提高1-6 A B D C A D Emilys problem is procrastination. She has waited to do her work until the very last second and now she is stressed and has to work through the night to complete her paper. 拖延癥拖延癥divided her work into sections. One week could have been spent doing research, one week writing

24、an outline, one week writing the first draft, and the final week could have been spent revising and finalizing the paper.部分部分最終確定最終確定 承諾；責(zé)任承諾；責(zé)任分心的事分心的事 與人來(lái)往與人來(lái)往 Read the following passages and see if you understand the words or phrases that may be new to you: Passage 1. We can not feel speed. But o

25、ur sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. Acceleration is the name for _. A. any kind o

26、f movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed Passage 3. STOCKHOLMA Swede and two Americans won the 2000 Nobel Prize for medicine on Oct. 9 for studies on how messages move around the nervous system. The discovery makes it possible to develop drugs against Parkinson

27、s disease and schizophrenia. Arvid Carlson of Sweden and Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of the United States share the first prize of the millennium, worth nearly US$ 1 million, for their discoveries, Swedens Karlinska Institute said. 3. What does the underlined word “schizophrenia” probably mean? A

28、. a kind of illness B. a new discovery C. a name of a subject D. a new drug Passage 4. New York: when the first jet struck 1 World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the people in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast. Among the uncertainty about what was the best thing