初中英語語法講解與練習

1、初中英語語法講解與練習：介詞介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞，或者詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨作句子成分。介詞一定要有賓語，充當賓語的一般有名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的其它詞、短語或句子。介詞一般可以分為三種，一種是簡單介詞，如at,in,on,beside,to,for等；另一種是短語介詞，即由兩個以上的詞組組成的短語，如infrontof,becauseof,outof,insteadof等；還有一種叫二重介詞，如untilafter,frombehind等。（一）介詞的句法功能介詞不能獨立在句中做成份，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當一個成份

2、，表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1、作定語：Thebookonthetableismine.2、作X語：Wehavebreakfastatseven（表時間）；TheywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyraiX.表原因）；Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.（表方法）3、作表語：Mydictionaryisinthebag.4、作賓語補足語：Ifoundhimintheoffice.（二）主要介詞區(qū)別1、表示時間的at,in,on：at表示片刻的時間，如：at8o'clock?用詞組有

3、：atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYea等。in表示一段的時間，如：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowing,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。2、表示時間的since和from：sin

4、ce表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點開始，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如：Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.3、表示時間的in和after：兩者都表示在（某個時間）之后，區(qū)別在于in表示在（一段時間）之后"，而after則表示在（某一具體時間點之后）”，in短語和將來時態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。如：Wellbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegan

5、tofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?注意：after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后（常用在過去時里）。如：Aftertwomonthshereturned.4、表示地理位置的in,on,to：in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.5、表示在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：Thereisabookonthepieceo

6、fpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.6、表示穿過”的throughftacrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關(guān)。如：Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.7、inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的內(nèi)面；onthecorner表示在角上”，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，

7、而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；atthecorner指在拐角處”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendofintheend作最后”、終于“解，可單獨使用，后不接介詞of；attheendof表示在末梢”，到盡頭”，既可指時間，也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨使用；bytheendof作在結(jié)束時”，到末為止”解，只能指時間。不可單獨使用。如：Intheendtheyreach

8、edaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.9、表示關(guān)于”的about和on：兩者都有關(guān)于”的意思，不過前者為一般用詞，而后者為較正式的施述如：Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.1Rbetween,among一般說來，between表示兩者之間，am

9、ong用于三者或三者以上的中間o如：Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.注意：但有時說的雖然是三個以上的人或東西，如果強調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系，適用于between.女口：Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時用between如：Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.在談事物間的差別時，總是用between如：Theydon'tknowthe

10、differencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.11、besides,except,but,exceptforbesides指除了還有，再力口上如：Allwentoutbesidesme;except指除了，減去什么：不能放在旬首。如：Allwentoutexceptme；but與except意思近似，表示除了外”經(jīng)常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如：Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.exceptfor表示如無就，只是“表明理由細節(jié)。如：Hisdiaryis

11、goodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.12、表示用”的in和with：表示工具的用"，用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等的用"，用in。如：Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.13、inchargeof和inthechargeof:兩者都表示由誰負責、照顧、管理區(qū)別在于：inchargeof后接被照管的人或物

12、，而inthechargeof后面則跟照管的人。如：Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.14、as,like：as作作為”、以地位或身份”解。如：Letmespeaktoyouasafather.（事實是父親）；like作象一樣"解。如：Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.（事實上不是父親）。15、infrontof和inthefrontof:infrontof=before,是在前面”的意思（不在某物內(nèi)）；inthefrontof則是在前部”的意思（在某物內(nèi)）。如：There

13、isadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.16、in,into：into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置。如：Wewalkedintothepark.in通常表示位置。如：Wewalkedintheparkin和drop,fall,put,throw,break等終止性動詞連用時，也可以表示動向。如：Ihaveputthecoinin（into）mypocket.我把硬幣放進衣袋。介詞I .介詞分類：1簡單介詞about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,d

14、uring,in,on2合成介詞inside,into,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,without3短語介詞accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingtothanksto4雙重介詞fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞considering（M而論），including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞like,unlike,near,next,oppositeII .常用介詞區(qū)別:表示時間的in,11on,atat表示

15、片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子肩關(guān)2表小時間的since,fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始3表示時間的in,in指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之a(chǎn)fter后或用在過去時的一段時間中表示地理位置的4n,on,toin表小在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外表小在上”的5.on,inon只表小在某物的表面上，in表小占去某物一部分。表示穿過”的6through,acrossthrough表小從內(nèi)部通過，與in啟美，across表小在表面上通過，與on啟美7表示“關(guān)于”的about,onabout指

16、涉及到，on指專門論述between與among齦別between表小在兩者之間,among用于二者或二者以上的中間9besides與except齦別besides指除了還后再加上,except指除了，減去什么”，不放在句首01表示用”的in,withwith表不具體的工具，in表小材料，方式，方法，度里，單位，語嚴首11as與like的區(qū)別as總為作為，以一地位或身份，like為象一一樣，指情形相似21in與into區(qū)力Uin通常表小位直（靜態(tài)）,into表小動向，/、表小目的地或位置介詞訓練介詞的考點主要有：同一介詞可表達多種意義，同一場合意義不同則介詞不同；常見介詞的用法；介詞的固定搭配

17、；復合介詞及雙重介詞的使用。使用點有：1. Hekepthisheadwaterwhenhebegantolearnswimming,butheraisedhisheadnowandthenA.overB.belowC.aboveD.up2. AnothergrandbridgewillbebuiltthePearlRiverinourcity.A.alongB.upC.onD.across3. I'llleaveBeijingforGuangzhouaweek,whilemybrotherwillleaveGuangzhouforBeijingourNationalDay.A.in,

18、inB.after,inC.after,afterD.in,after4. Thehugepicturelooksmorebeautifulthebluesky.A.againstB.toC.overD.under5. Theclimateheredoesn'tagreeher.A.toB.onC.withD.at6. 2.StandardtimeinBeijingiseighthoursGreenwichMeanTime（GMT格林威治標準時間）.A.afterB.frontC.aheadofD.forward7. -Canyoutellmewhat'syouraiminli

19、fe,LiPing?-Iamaimingafamousphysicist.A.atB.forC.inD.to8. "Passthebus,everyone."theconductorshoutedpolitely.A.onB.intoC.toD.along9. IwasangrymissingthegongfufilmwithChengLongashero.A.atB.withC.forD.on10. Wewereanxiousnewsofyoursafearrival.A.toB.ofC.forD.at11. Tomwasarguingthepaymentofthebil

20、lJohn.A.about;onB.over;withC.on;onD.with;with12. Theywereastonishedthenewsofhisescapefromprison.A.forB.inC.atD.to13. Hewasabsorbedabookanddidn'thearyourrepeatedcall.A.toB.inC.withD.at14. -Areyoufamiliarwiththebankoverthere?-Onlyalittle,Ihaveanaccountit.A.inB.withC.toD.of15. Thedoctorbenttheboyan

21、dcheckedhiswound.A.upB.onC.aboveD.over16. Maryansweredallthequestionsthelastone,whichshehadneverheardofbefore.A.besidesB.exceptC.apartfromD.exceptfor17. HunanliessuchprovincesasHubei,Jiangxi,Guangdong,GuizhouandChongqin.A.amongB.aboveC.besideD.between18. Thedyingmanisthehelpofthedoctor.A.outsideB.wi

22、thoutC.outofD.beyond19. Idonknowwhyheblamedtheaccidentme.A.atB.toC.forD.on20. Thehorseisblindthelefteye.A.toB.inC.forD.on21. Heisverystrictwithothers,butheisalwaysblindhisownshortcomings.A.forB.toC.withD.in22. Wewillneverforgetthishistoricallessonwrittenblood.A.byB.withC.ofD.in23. Itissaidthatabridg

23、eisbeingbuilttheriver.A.underB.toC.overD.at24. -Howdidyougotoworkyesterday?-Iwenttoworkmyfriend'sprivatecar.A.byB.inC.onD.at25. Thetrainleavesat6:00p.m.,soIhavetobeatthestation5:40p.m.attheleast.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around26. Icalledyoulastnight,butyouwereout.A.withB.onC.atD.in27. Youshouldwritet

24、hefirstletterofthesentencecapitalone.A.onB.withC.inD.at28. Heistoocarefulhismoney;heneverbuysadrinkforus.A.toB.atC.forD.with29. Canyousaycertainwhenhewillcomehere?A.atB.forC.withD.in30. Morethan20yearsagohewasbadlywoundedintheanti-Vietnamwar.Sincethenhecanonlywalkanarm-chair.A.inB.onC.byD.over31. Ei

25、nsteindidn'careformoney.Onceheusedacheck$1000asabookmarkandthenhelostit.A.forB.ofC.aboutD.to32. WhentheChinesedelegationarrivedatViennaairport,theywerereceivedcheers.A.inB.forC.onD.with33. Thelittleboyisveryclevereverysubject.A.atB.inC.aboutD.on34. Herclothesareverybrightcolour.A.ofB.inC.onD.wit

26、h35. Don'tsitthecornerofthedesk.That'simpoliteforastudent.A.onB.inC.toD.at36. Itissaidthatthestep-motherisverycruelthechildren.A.withB.atC.aboutD.to37. Theboyiscuriouseverything.Iamsureheisveryclever.A.toB.aboutC.withD.in38. Sheiscrazythefilmstar,whileherbrotheriscrazysurfing.A.to;forB.on;to

27、C.for;atD.for;on39. Onceeveryoneishislife,hewillinstinctively（本能）findeverypossibleway.A.indangerof;outofdangerB.inthedangerof;outofdangerC.indangerof;outofthedangerD.inthedangerof;outofthedanger40. Let'sputourheadstogetheranddecideaplanofaction.A.onB.aboutC.forD.at41. DuringherstudyinMassachuset

28、tsInstituteofTechnologyshehasgotthedegreePhD,anditisadegreechemistry.A.of;atB.in;atC.of;inD.in;of42. InChinachildren,evenintheirtwentiesdependedtheirparentsfoodandclothing.A.upon;onB.on;inC.on;forD.at;to43. OurnationalsceneryZhangjiajieissocharmingthatitisdescription.A.outB.besideC.overD.beyond44. t

29、heofmodernindustry,thepollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.A. With;developingC.With;developmentB. Under;developmentD.Under;developing45. Thetwinslookmuchlikeeachother,buttheyaredifferentnature.A.inB.aboutC.onD.with46. hisdisadvantage,itbegantorainheavilysuddenly.A.AtB.WithC.ToD.For47. Shewasdisappo

30、intedhearingthenewsthatChinesefootballteamlostthefirstmatchin“WorldCup”.A.atB.inC.ofD.with48. Somenewchangeshappenedtheschoolmyabsence.A.at;toB.in;forC.in;duringD.at;on49. Hegoesat8a.m.andcomesat5p.m.Todayheis.A.onduty;offduty;onnightdutyB.onhisduty;offtheduty;onnightdutyC.toduty;fromduty;atnightdut

31、yD.induty;outduty;atnightduty50. TheEnglishmanhasaverygoodearmusic.Youcanaskhimforsomeadvice.A.atB.ofC.forD.in51. Don'tputyocell（手機）theedgeofthetable,oritwillfalloffA.atB.onC.toD.in52. Thestruggleagainstsandstormwillnotendvictoryunlesswepaymuchattentiontothebalanceofnature.A.atB.inC.forD.with53.

32、 Ourmusicteacheroftenenjoyedplayingtheviolininhissparetime.A.himbyB.himselfbyC.himinD.himselfwith54. Thefootballfanscheeredtheirteamtheentrancethefield.A.at;onB.in;atC.at;toD.on;at55. AllthestudentsenviedhimhavingsucceededintheTOFELtest.A.asB.forC.inD.with56. Inthecollegeentranceexamination,oneofmys

33、tudentsdidverywellpoorhandwriting.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor57. Iamsureyouwillexcusemenottellingyouaheadoftime.A.fromB.forC.sinceD.at58. ItissaidthatacollectionofpaintingsbyDavidisexhibitionattheMuseum.A.onB.atC.forD.in59. DuringthewholeTVinterview,themiddle-schoolgirlstudentneveroncelo

34、okedme.A.infaceB.onthefaceC.inthefaceD.totheface60. OfficiallytheFrenchmanisincharge,buthissecretarydoesallthework.A.inneedB.infactC.forfactD.forthisreason61. -Iamnotthiscity.Wouldyoupleaseintroduceittome?-Withpleasure.A.familiartoB.familiarinC.familiarforD.familiarwith62. Thisareaisfamousitsapplesa

35、nditisfamousthehomeofapple.A.with;forB.for;asC.for;asD.as;to63. Theplanforanewairporthavebeenscrappedanextensiontotheoldone.A.infavourB.outoffavourC.infavourofD.favourite64. Theyhurriedawayfearthatshouldbecaughtinrain.A.inB.forC.atD.on65. Twodogsabone,andathirdrunsawaywithit.A.fightbackB.fightwithC.

36、fightagainstD.fightfor66. Whenthegoodnewsthatourfootballteamwonthechampionship,thehallwasatoncegreatjoy.A.filledofB.fullwithC.filledwithD.fillwith67. ThePrimeMinisterwasmorefithisofficethananyoneelse.A.forB.toC.withD.of68. Whentheboyplayingbytheriverfellintotheriver,Iwasoutoftheroom.A.inflashB.inafl

37、ashC.asaflashD.foraflash69. Withtheguideleadingtheway,thevisitorswereabletotravelthroughtheforestnotbyairbutfoot.A.byB.onC.inD.with70. Iknowitisdifficulthimtotalklikethelecturer,butIthinkheshouldgraspeverychance.A.ofB.forC.withD.over71. Peopleeatalotofsugarcakes,softdrinks,sweetsandsooneveryday.A.in

38、formofB.intheshapeofC.shapedbyD.atformof72. Wecouldn'readthenoticeontheboardbecauseseveralpeoplewerestandingit.A.infrontofB.inthefrontofC.atthebackofD.inbackof73. Itisnotrightapersonwhoistrouble.A.tomakefunof;atB.tomakefunof;inC.tobemadefunof;inD.tobemadefunof;with74. Wewentourplancarefullybefor

39、ewecarrieditout.A.throughB.offC.outD.with75. Taijiboxingisgoodhealth,sotheoldmanbegantopractiseittenyearsagoandnowheisgoodit.A.for;toB.to;forC.for;atD.at;for76. Hecuttheapple,andgavethebigtohislittlesister.A.intohalfB.intohalvesC.inhalvesD.inthehalf77. Oh,sorry.Alightedcigaretteburnedaholemycoat,and

40、Ihavetochangeanotherone.A.inB.onC.atD.by78. Theformisveryimportant.Pleasefillintheforminknotapencil,JackA.in;byB.with;inC.in;withD.by;in79. IwrotetoMr.Green,himthelostcase.A.informofB.informingofC.informed-aboutD.informfor80. Lastweek,wehadameeting.ItoldthechairmanthatIcouldn'tattendit1hadsometh

41、ingimportanttodo,butheinsistedmybeingpresent.A.onB.inC.toD.at81. Inordertofinishtheworkintime,theyalwaysworkedfarthenight.A.inB.ontoC.atD.into82. Whenweheardthenewsthatourteamhaswonmorethan30goldmedalsAthenaOlympicGames,wesanganddancedjoy.A.toB.withC.atD.of83. ItissaidthatHongKongwillbejoinedthemain

42、landabeautifulbridgeontheseainthenearfuture.A.by;withB.with;byC.by;toD.to;by84. Can'tyoukeepyourdogcomingintomyyard?Itisalwaysdisturbingus.A.offB.intoC.outD.from85. Youshouldsay"Iamsorry"whenyouknocksomebody.A.atB.inC.toD.into86. Inthefollowingspring,theseedsshouldbeknockedtheseed-headsandsown.A.outofB.intoC.overD.at87. -CouldyoupleasetellmehowcanIgettothepostoffice?-Gostraightahead.Attheendofthisroad,youllseettteheftleofstpitalsideoft