高一英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)上冊(cè)

1、高一英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)詞組：1. fond of “喜愛，愛好” 接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。例如：Hes fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for尋找I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書。hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to, so as to 這兩個(gè)詞組都可引導(dǎo)不定式作目的狀

2、語, in order to可放于句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to. 如:He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。4. care about1) 喜歡，對(duì)有興趣 = care forShe doesnt care about money.她不喜歡錢。2）關(guān)心 = care forSh

3、e thinks only of herself. She doesnt care about other people.她只考慮自己。她不關(guān)心別人。3）在乎，在意（接從句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say.這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。5. such as 意為“諸如”，“像”，是用來列舉人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學(xué)。6. drop * a line 留下便條

4、, 寫封短信7、make yourself at home 別客氣；隨便；無拘束（1） If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝點(diǎn)飲料，隨便一點(diǎn)。8、stay up 不睡；熬夜（1） I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我將回家很晚，不要等我了。（2） He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看書直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)。9、c

5、ome about 引起；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生（1）How did the accident come about?這場(chǎng)事故是怎么發(fā)生的？（2） They didn't know how the change had come about.他們不知道這個(gè)變化是怎樣產(chǎn)生的。10、except for 除之外（1） except 與 except for 的用法常有區(qū)別。except 多用于引起同類事物中被排除的一項(xiàng)。如：He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一個(gè)，他回答了所有問題。We go there every day ex

6、cept Sunday.除了星期天，我們天天去那里。（2）except for 用于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正句子的主要意思。如：Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一個(gè)老太太，這輛公共汽車全空了。Your picture is good except for the colours.你的畫兒很好，只是某些色彩有問題。（3）但在現(xiàn)代英語中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一個(gè)例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.（4） 另外，在介詞短語之前只能用

7、except，不能用except for。如：We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我們通常十點(diǎn)之前上床睡覺。11、end up with 以告終；以結(jié)束（1） The party ended up with an English song.聚會(huì)以一首英文歌結(jié)束。12、more or less 幾乎；差不多；大約；大概；大體上（1） I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他們沒有。（2） Our living condition has mor

8、e or less improved.我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。13、bring in 引進(jìn)；引來；吸收（1） We should bring in new technology.我們應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新技術(shù)。（2） He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一個(gè)月掙八百美元。14、get away（from） 逃離（1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.我釣到了一條好大的魚，

9、可是它逃掉了。15、watch out （for）注意；留心（1）Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽車來了。（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那個(gè)坑。16、see sb. off 給某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火車站給朋友送行。17、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的觀點(diǎn)、意見等，常說on the one hand on the other hand一方面另一方面）I kn

10、ow this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道這份工作報(bào)酬不高，但從另一方面來說，我也不必工作太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。18、as well as * (sth)而且He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是攝影師還是個(gè)天才的音樂家。19、take place 發(fā)生 take ones place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sbs place 或take the p

11、lace of * / sth代替、取代The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years. 20、on fire 相當(dāng)于burning, 意為“燃燒；著火；起火”，有靜態(tài)的含意。Catch fire有動(dòng)態(tài)的含意。 Set on fire / set fire to 用來表示“使著火”、“放火燒”。例如： Look, the theatre is on fire! Lets go and help.瞧，劇院著火了，咱們?nèi)兔然鸢伞?21、on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I vi

12、sited my uncle. 我在度假的時(shí)候去看望了叔叔。 holiday(holidays)一般指“休假” Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和湯姆準(zhǔn)備去度假。 I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已經(jīng)度過假了。 22、travel agency A business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodations for travelers. 旅行社一種為旅行者提供細(xì)致的運(yùn)輸、旅行

13、和住宿方面服務(wù)的行業(yè) Also called: travel bureau 23、take off 1)脫下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脫下了濕鞋子。 2）（飛機(jī)）起飛 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛。起飛非常順利。 3）匆匆離開 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.這六個(gè)人上了車，匆匆離開去公園。 24. go wrong  v. 走錯(cuò)路, 誤入岐途, (機(jī)器等

14、)發(fā)生故障 25. in all  adv. 總共 26. stay away v.外出 27. look up 查詢（如賓語為代詞，則代詞放中間） Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查單詞。 相關(guān)詞組：look for 尋找；look after照顧，照料； look forward to期待；look into調(diào)查； look on旁觀；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻閱，查看，檢查；look around環(huán)視；look through翻閱，查看。 28、run after追

15、逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同時(shí)追兩只兔子，你一只也抓不到。 29、on the air廣播 We will be on the air in five minutes.我們五分鐘以后開始廣播。 This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.這個(gè)節(jié)目每天在同一時(shí)間播出。 30、think highly/well/much of對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)很高, 贊賞, 對(duì)印象好 He was highly thought of by the manager.經(jīng)理

16、對(duì)他非常贊賞。 I think well of your suggestion.我覺得你的建議很好。 think badly/nothing/little/lowly of認(rèn)為不好, 好不在意, 不贊成, 覺得不怎么樣 I dont think much of him as a teacher.我覺得他作為一個(gè)老師不怎么樣。 31. leave out 1) 漏掉 You made a mistakeYouve left out a letter “t”.你出錯(cuò)了你漏掉了一個(gè)字母t. 2) 刪掉, 沒用 I havent changed or left out a thing.我沒有作出變動(dòng)也

17、沒有刪掉任何東西。 32. stare at （由于好奇、激動(dòng)等張著嘴巴，睜大眼睛地）凝視，盯著看 Dont stare at foreigners. Its impolite.不要盯著外國(guó)人看，這樣不禮貌。 比較：glare at （to stare angrily at）怒視著 這兩個(gè)小男孩互相怒視著，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備開戰(zhàn)。 33. make jokes about 就說笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他們就我的舊帽子說笑我。 have a joke with about 跟某人開關(guān)于某事的玩笑。 He stopped to have a joke with

18、me.他停下來跟我開玩笑。play a joke on開某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我們互相開玩笑。 v. joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他們?nèi)⌒ξ阴磕_的英.45.take over  接管；接替；繼承 what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng)繼承。 Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了，因此杰克

19、將接 管（他的工作）。 46. break down 1) 破壞；拆散 Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。 The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說和談破裂了。 2)（機(jī)器）損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。 The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。

20、3) 失敗；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。 4) 精神崩潰；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。 5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。 47、get on ones feet 1）站起來;站起來發(fā)言 2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立 3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢復(fù), 復(fù)蘇(指企業(yè)) 48、go through 1) 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭到 These countries have g

21、one / been through too many wars.這些國(guó)家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。 2) 完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大學(xué)。 3）通過；批準(zhǔn) The law has gone through Parliament. 議會(huì)已經(jīng)通過了這項(xiàng)法案。 Their plans went through. 他們的計(jì)劃得到了批準(zhǔn)。 4）全面檢查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行李。45.take over  接管；接替；繼承 w

22、hat is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應(yīng)當(dāng)繼承。 Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了，因此杰克將接 管（他的工作）。 46. break down 1) 破壞；拆散 Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。 The peace talks are said to have broken down.

23、(喻)據(jù)說和談破裂了。 2)（機(jī)器）損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。 The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。 3) 失敗；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見打消了。 4) 精神崩潰；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。 5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。 47、get on ones feet

24、 1）站起來;站起來發(fā)言 2）(=stand on one's feet)自立, 經(jīng)濟(jì)上獨(dú)立 3）(人)病好了, 可以起床了; (使)恢復(fù), 復(fù)蘇(指企業(yè)) 48、go through 1) 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.這些國(guó)家飽經(jīng)戰(zhàn)火。 2) 完成；做完 I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大學(xué)。 3）通過；批準(zhǔn) The law has gone through Parliament. 議會(huì)已經(jīng)通過了這項(xiàng)法案。 Their plan

25、s went through. 他們的計(jì)劃得到了批準(zhǔn)。 4）全面檢查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海關(guān)他們檢查了我們的行李。重點(diǎn)句型 1“So + behave助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的語序是倒裝的，“So”代替上句中的某個(gè)成分。如果上面一句是否定句，則使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如 Hes tired，and so am I(I m also tired) You can swim，and so can I(I can also swim) She has

26、had supper，and so can I(Ive had lunch，too) Tom speaks English，and so does his sister(His sister speaks English，too) A: I went to the park yesterday B: So did I(I also went to the park yesterday) 2“So +主語+behave助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語序，so相當(dāng)于indeed,certainly,表示說話人對(duì)前面或?qū)Ψ剿f情況的肯定、贊同或證實(shí)，語氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“確實(shí)如此”。 例如 A：It

27、 was cold yesterday昨天很冷。 B：So it was的確如此。(Yes，it was) A：You seem to like sports B：So I do(Yes，I do) A：It will be fine tomorrow B：So it will(Yes ，it will) 3“主語+do/does/did + so”結(jié)構(gòu)指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重復(fù)。 My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed

28、 in my composition on time.) 語文老師叫我按時(shí)交作文, 我照辦了。 4So it is with或 It is the same with句型表示 “(的情況)也是如此。”當(dāng)前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語時(shí)，要表示相同情況，必須使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒裝句。 She doesnt play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister. 5、There you are. 行了，好。 這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結(jié)果的用語。如： There you are! Then let&

29、#39;s have some coffee. 除此之外，還可以表示“瞧，對(duì)吧（果然如此）”的語氣。例如： There you are! I knew we should find it at last. 對(duì)吧！我就知道我們最終能找到的。 6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困難；接名詞時(shí)，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth. Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English? 你理解英語口語有困難嗎？ She said she had some dif

30、ficulty with pronunciation. 她說她在發(fā)音方面有困難。 7、have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握”，“對(duì)有某種程度的了解” He has a good knowledge of London. 他對(duì)倫敦有所了解。 A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep. 一棵又一棵的樹被水沖倒、沖斷。那水肯定有三米深。 “m

31、ust have + 過去分詞”表示對(duì)已發(fā)生事情的猜測(cè)。在英語中，must，may，can三個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用來表示對(duì)事情的猜測(cè)。Must意為“肯定”，語氣很有把握；may意為“可能”、“也許”，語氣把握性不大。兩者常用在肯定句中。Can意為“肯定”、“也許”，常用在否定句或疑問句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜測(cè)時(shí)，其后面可跟三種不同的動(dòng)詞形式：1）跟動(dòng)詞原形表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的猜測(cè)； 2）跟be doing表示對(duì)正在發(fā)生事情的猜測(cè)；3）跟have done表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的猜測(cè)。例如： Helen is Lucys good friend. She must know Lucys e

32、-mail.海倫是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的電子郵件。 We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我們可以聽到會(huì)議 室很吵。他們肯定在吵架。 I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He cant have gone to Australia.我剛才還在大門口見 過杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亞。 9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏

33、彬拿出一些花生。看著猴子從他手上吃花生，很有趣。 fun “好玩，趣事”，不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞a。 Youre sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會(huì)玩得很開心。 make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such astrange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因?yàn)樗┝艘患敲雌婀值囊路?funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his fathers jacket.他穿著

34、他父親 的衣服，看上去很滑稽。 10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea 許多看過這部電影的人都不敢在海里游。 afraid 用法說明： 1）害怕人/ 物，如：be afraid of * / sth 2）不敢做某事，如：be afraid to do sth / of doing sth He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night. 3) 擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that cla

35、use He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river. He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into the river. 4) 給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時(shí), 用Im afraid , 如: Im afraid Ive got bad news for you. Im afraid I cant agree with you. 11、It is polite

36、 to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。 這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主語，it是形式主語。 12、I wish you all the best.我祝你萬事如意. 用wish來表示祝愿的結(jié)構(gòu)是wish * sth, 此外我們還可以用may來表示祝愿: May * do sth如: May you succeed. 13、Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。 Where在這里引導(dǎo)的是

37、地點(diǎn)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于介詞in/ at/ to + the place + where從句9定語從句），意思是“在地方”。 例如： Where there is smoke, there is fire.無風(fēng)不起浪；事出有因。 He lives where the climate is mild.他住在氣候溫暖的地方。 14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia . 圣彼得堡人民堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈、充滿自豪、團(tuán)結(jié)一致，他們是俄羅斯當(dāng)代的英雄。 Strong, proud,

38、 and united為前置定語，在這里相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句： The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes of Russia .  當(dāng)主語比較短時(shí)，這類短語常常放在句首。 15. Congratulations!是一句祝賀用語，在使用時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其他幾個(gè)通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)表達(dá)特定含義的名詞有： manners（禮貌）：He is a little boy with good manners.這個(gè)小男孩很有禮貌。 regards (問候

39、)：Please send my regards to your parents.請(qǐng)代我問候你父母。 16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 沒四年，世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們都要參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。 “every + 基數(shù)詞 + 時(shí)間/ 距離單位”詞表示“每多少時(shí)間/ 距離”。如： every five days（每五天）, every three hours（每三小時(shí)）, every ten metres（每十公尺） 類似表達(dá)形式還有：every fifth day, every third hour “每隔一天”的表達(dá)形式有：every second day, every two days, every other day. 17、Modern cellphones are more than just phonesthey are used as cameras and radios, and to send e-mail or surf the Internet.現(xiàn)代的手機(jī)不僅僅是電話機(jī)它們也當(dāng)坐照相機(jī)和收音機(jī)使用，還可以發(fā)送電子郵件和上網(wǎng)。 use A as B 把