高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法知識(shí)講解連系動(dòng)詞

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法知識(shí)講解-連系動(dòng)詞（即系動(dòng)詞）一、概念:連系動(dòng)詞(link verb)是一個(gè)表示謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞。它必須后接表語(yǔ)(通常為名詞或形容詞)。二、特點(diǎn):連系動(dòng)詞的功能主要是把表語(yǔ)（名詞、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句）和它的主語(yǔ)聯(lián)系在一起，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完全的詞義，不能在句中獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，必須和后面的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。它是虛詞。三、分類：系動(dòng)詞分類如下：1. 根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu)，可以把英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞分為兩大類：完全系動(dòng)詞(其后只能跟表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如be, seem)和半系動(dòng)詞(其后既可跟表語(yǔ)作系動(dòng)詞用法，也可跟賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，如look)

2、eg.He looked sad at the news.（“看起來(lái)”，系動(dòng)詞用法） He looked sadly at the boy.(“看著”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法)2. 根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞的意義，我們把英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞分為幾類：A感官系動(dòng)詞：表示“起來(lái)”，有feel(摸起來(lái)，感覺(jué)) , smell(聞起來(lái)) , sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)) , taste(嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái)) 等; 五大感官系動(dòng)詞，描述一種感官性質(zhì)。由實(shí)義感官動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)，都是半系動(dòng)詞。eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布摸起來(lái)很軟。He looks honest, but actually hes

3、 a rogue. 他看起來(lái)很老實(shí)，實(shí)際他是一個(gè)壞蛋。They all look alike to me. 他們的模樣我看起來(lái)都一樣。Everybody feels contented. 每個(gè)人都感到很滿足。Ice feels cold. 冰感覺(jué)起來(lái)是涼的。Silk feels soft and smooth. 絲綢摸起來(lái)很柔軟平滑。It sounds a good idea. 這聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意。This food tastes good. 這菜好吃。(1) look“看起來(lái)像是”，后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等。(2) smell“聞起來(lái)”，sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，taste“

4、嘗起來(lái)”等后接分詞。eg.The apples taste very good.這些蘋(píng)果很好吃。(3) feel“摸起來(lái)，給感覺(jué)”；“覺(jué)得”，后接adj./p.p. 。eg. You will feel better after a nights sleep.睡上一晚，你會(huì)覺(jué)得好些。B狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：be，feel，taste，sound，smell。(1) be，“是”，屬完全系動(dòng)詞。狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：只有be一詞。eg. I am a student.我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。She is always like that. 她總是那樣。I am used to going about alone. 我習(xí)慣于獨(dú)

5、來(lái)獨(dú)往。These shoes are too tight for me. 這雙鞋我穿太小(2) seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系動(dòng)詞。eg. They seem quite happy.他們似乎很快樂(lè)。(3) appear,“顯得，看起來(lái)好像”，半系動(dòng)詞。eg. It appeared(to be)a true story.看來(lái)這是一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。(5) prove “證明是”，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj.n.。eg. The treatment proved to be successful.這種療法證明是成功的。C.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain,

6、 stay, rest, lie, stand , continue等。eg.I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身體好。He always kept silent at meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。The door remained closed. 門仍然關(guān)著。We can remain friends. 我們可以繼續(xù)做朋友。Please stay seated. 請(qǐng)繼續(xù)坐著。He stayed single. 他仍然是單身。remain,“仍是”，半系動(dòng)詞。eg.I remained silent. 我仍然緘默。stay“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj

7、.或過(guò)去分詞。 D. 表像系動(dòng)詞：表示“看起來(lái)好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。eg.He looks tired. 他看起來(lái)很累。 He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。The doctor seemed very capable. 那醫(yī)生似乎很能干。 He appeared quite well. 他顯得身體相當(dāng)好。He appeared taken aback. 他似乎很吃驚。 She appeared perplexed. 她顯得迷惑不解。E變化系動(dòng)詞(也叫動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞)：表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, tur

8、n, fall, get, go, come, run等。eg.He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越來(lái)越瘦了。His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了。 Hes grown used to it. 他對(duì)此已經(jīng)習(xí)慣。Shes growing fat. 她正在發(fā)胖。 When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到這，臉紅了。His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 在幾個(gè)星期中他頭發(fā)就變灰白了

9、。The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就會(huì)變酸。 Several people fell ill, victims of blood poisoning. 幾個(gè)人生病了，都是血中毒的受害者。1. We get wiser as we get old. 隨著年歲的增長(zhǎng)，我們也變得聰明些了。 Your hair has gone quite white! 你的頭發(fā)全白了! She went pale at the news. 聽(tīng)到這消息，她臉色變得蒼白。 The children must not go hungry. 孩子們不能挨餓。 When I mention

10、ed it to him he went red. 我對(duì)他提及此事時(shí)他臉紅了。 He went mad. 他瘋了(from )。become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run都屬于半系動(dòng)詞，描述狀態(tài)變化過(guò)程。(1) get“變成，變得起來(lái)”，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)。The train didnt get going again.火車還沒(méi)重新啟動(dòng)。 (2) fall“進(jìn)入（某種狀態(tài)），成為”，后常接以下形容詞：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.eg. My father fell ill and died.

11、我的父親生病死了。(3) grow“漸漸變得起來(lái)，長(zhǎng)得” eg. Its growing warm.天氣漸漸暖和起來(lái)了。(4) turn“轉(zhuǎn)變成（新的與原來(lái)完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)），變質(zhì)（色）”。eg. Maple trees turn red in autumn.楓葉在秋天變紅了。 He has turned writer.他已成為一個(gè)作家。(注意：此時(shí)writer之前無(wú)冠詞a.)(5) go，“變成（某種壞的狀態(tài)）” eg. The telephone has gone dead.電話不通了。 The tire went flat.輪胎癟了。go之后常接的adj. 如：bad, blind,

12、 wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等。.(6) become“變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）” eg.It became dark.天氣晚了。/ They became good friends.他們成了好朋友。(7) come，“變成為（已知的狀態(tài)），證實(shí)為”，后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化。常接形容詞：apart, dear（昂貴），natural, open, short, right（好了），unstuck（沒(méi)有粘?。?/p>

13、，untied（松開(kāi)）。eg. His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想當(dāng)飛行員的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。(8) run,“變成”，后接adj. eg.The well has run dry.這井已經(jīng)變干了。 eg. The price ran high.價(jià)格上升了。(9) make，“達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)后接形容詞，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free eg. We must make certain of facts.我們一定要弄清事實(shí)。(10) 表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作(也叫終止系動(dòng)詞)，主要有turn out(結(jié)果是、證明是), pr

14、ove表達(dá)"證實(shí)"，"變成"之意。：eg.His story proved false. 他講的情況原來(lái)是假的。The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。His advice proved sound. 他的勸告證明是對(duì)的My intuition turned out to be correct. 我的直覺(jué)證明是對(duì)的。His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果) . prove “證明是”，半系動(dòng)詞，后接adj.n.。eg. The treatment prove

15、d to be successful.這種療法證明是成功的。F雙謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞：此類系動(dòng)詞既有系動(dòng)詞的功能，后接表語(yǔ)，又保留原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞本身的含義。eg.The run rose red.太陽(yáng)升起紅艷艷。He married young.他結(jié)婚很早。The window blew open.窗戶吹開(kāi)了。He continued silent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語(yǔ)。四、歸納：下面歸納一下英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞的用法：連系動(dòng)詞基本用法:連系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，它與其后的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有be(是)，become(成為)，get(變成)，remain(還是)，seem(似乎是)，look(看上去

16、)，feel(感覺(jué))等。連系動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)通常是名詞和形容詞，有時(shí)也可以是代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等：eg.His English is excellent. 他的很棒。(跟形容詞) He is a famous poet. 他是著名詩(shī)人。(跟名詞)Money isnt everything金錢不是一切。(跟代詞)She was the first to arrive她是第一個(gè)到達(dá)的人。(跟數(shù)詞)Who is upstairs? 誰(shuí)在樓上？(跟副詞)He is with his friends. 他和朋友在一起。(跟介詞短語(yǔ))He seems to be ill. 他似乎

17、病了。(跟不定式)Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。(跟動(dòng)名詞)This is what you need. 這就是你需要的。(跟從句)五、連系動(dòng)詞使用應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞或副詞作表語(yǔ): 連系動(dòng)詞后通?？山有稳菰~作表語(yǔ)，一般不接副詞。eg.誤：His English is very well. 他的很好。(應(yīng)將well改為good)誤：Be carefully. 小心點(diǎn)。(應(yīng)將carefully改為careful)誤：The soup tastes nicely. 這湯味道不錯(cuò)。(應(yīng)將nicely改為nice) He felt comfortably

18、here. (應(yīng)將comfortably改為comfortable)但是，有時(shí)連系動(dòng)詞后也可接副詞作表語(yǔ)，不過(guò)這主要限于in, on, off, out, away, behind, up, down, over, through, around, round, below, inside, outside 等少數(shù)副詞小品詞以及here, there, upstairs, downstairs等少數(shù)表示地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞：eg. Mother wasnt in last night. 母親昨晚不在家。 The meeting was over at five. 會(huì)議五點(diǎn)結(jié)束。2.Come alo

19、ng. The taxi is outside. 來(lái)吧，出租車在外面。 Mother is downstairs waiting for you. 母親在樓下等你。2. 關(guān)于連系動(dòng)詞后接不定式:(1) 連系動(dòng)詞be后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語(yǔ)：eg. My dream is to be a scientist. 我的夢(mèng)想是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。All I could do was to wait. 我只能等。My plan was to go from London to Paris. 我計(jì)劃從倫敦去巴黎。I was to have seen Mr Kay. 我本要去見(jiàn)凱先生的。(2) seem,

20、 appear, prove, continue, turn out, get, grow, come 等連系動(dòng)詞后也可接不定式(尤其是to be)作表語(yǔ)：eg. She always seems to be sad. 她常常顯得很憂傷。My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意見(jiàn)證明是錯(cuò)的。She appears to have many friends. 他好像有很多朋友。The weather turned out to be fine. 天氣結(jié)果很好。Circumstances continue to be favorable. 情況仍然是有利的。He has

21、grown to like ing English. 他漸漸喜歡學(xué)了?！咀ⅰ咳羲硬欢ㄊ綖閠o be，通?？梢允÷浴２贿^(guò)，若其后接的是表語(yǔ)形容詞，則to be通常不宜省略。另外，連系動(dòng)詞look后能否接to be似乎尚有爭(zhēng)論，不過(guò)，在現(xiàn)代中接to be的現(xiàn)象已較普遍。(3) sound, smell, feel, taste, become等連系動(dòng)詞后通常不能接不定式：eg. 誤：These oranges taste to be good. (應(yīng)去掉to be) 誤：The roses smell to be nice. (應(yīng)去掉to be)(4) 有的連系動(dòng)詞后接的從句可用不定式來(lái)改寫(xiě)：e

22、g. It seems that shes right. / She seems to be right. 她似乎是對(duì)的。It appears that you have made a mistake. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄錯(cuò)了。3. 系動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)分情況討論。一般地說(shuō)，狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。但是在某些情況下，狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞也有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示兩個(gè)用途：(1)示一種短暫的、反常的狀態(tài)。eg. He is being kind.他裝出和藹可親的樣子（一時(shí)而不能持久的性質(zhì)）(2) 示一種探詢口氣，使語(yǔ)言客氣、生動(dòng)、

23、親切。eg. Are you feeling any better?（語(yǔ)氣親切）你感覺(jué)好了些嗎？試比較：Your hand feels cold.（無(wú)意識(shí)的靜態(tài)性質(zhì)。）你的手摸起來(lái)冰涼。不可以說(shuō)：Your hand is feeling cold.(×) 但可以說(shuō)：The doctor is feeling her pulse.（有意識(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)作）總之，系動(dòng)詞有無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)隨系動(dòng)詞的意義或其語(yǔ)境變化而變化。我們?cè)诟攀瞿骋粍?dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，不能籠統(tǒng)地說(shuō)feel，smell無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)，應(yīng)指出其意義及其語(yǔ)用環(huán)境。例如smell的用法可見(jiàn)一斑。smell作“嗅覺(jué)”的能力時(shí)，雖是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但指的

24、是一種性質(zhì)的存在狀態(tài)不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，常與can, could, be able to連用。eg. The camels can smell the water a mile off.駱駝能嗅出一英里外有水。指“嗅、聞”的動(dòng)作時(shí)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 eg. The girl is smelling the flower.這姑娘正在聞那朵花。smell指“含有氣味”，“發(fā)出氣味”等事物性質(zhì)時(shí)，半系動(dòng)詞，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。eg. The dinner smells good.這飯菜聞起來(lái)真香。4. 系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用的問(wèn)題。某些含有變化意義的動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞如get, become, g

25、row, turn等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用，表示漸進(jìn)過(guò)程，其意思是“越來(lái)越”。 eg. He is growing taller and taller.他長(zhǎng)得越來(lái)越高了。 Our life is getting better and better.我們的生活是越來(lái)越好了。 The things are getting worse.情況是越來(lái)越糟了。5. 所有半系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要分情況討論。英語(yǔ)中某動(dòng)詞在作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。eg. 不能說(shuō)：The apple is tasted good.（taste此時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，“嘗起來(lái)”之意，

26、指的是蘋(píng)果的性質(zhì)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）但可以說(shuō)：The apple is tasted by me.這蘋(píng)果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時(shí)指“嘗一嘗”這一動(dòng)作，有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）因此，要有意注意半系動(dòng)詞在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中到底是系動(dòng)詞用法還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法，要注意區(qū)分、識(shí)別。6. 瞬間動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞能否與時(shí)間段連用的問(wèn)題英語(yǔ)中某些表示瞬間意義的系動(dòng)詞不能與“for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，how long until+時(shí)間,by + 時(shí)間，so far”等直接連用。eg.不能說(shuō)：He has become a teacher for 2 years.應(yīng)改為：He has been a teacher for 2

27、years.不能說(shuō)：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.應(yīng)改為：He has been a write since 3 years ago. 或It is two years since he turned writer.7. 系動(dòng)詞能接幾種表語(yǔ)(從句)；系動(dòng)詞除了接adj.n.prep.短語(yǔ)，某些adv.以外，還可接以下幾種表語(yǔ)形式：3.(1)能接as if/as though表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有：look (看起來(lái)), smell (聞起來(lái)), sound (聽(tīng)起來(lái)), feel (覺(jué)得), appear (顯得), seem (似乎)。eg.It

28、looks as if we are going to have snow.看樣子天要下雪了。 It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。(2)可用于“It+系動(dòng)詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如：eg. It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語(yǔ)。(3) 能用不定式作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有：be,

29、 seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.eg.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子們。 He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父親。(4) 能與there連用的系動(dòng)詞有：be, appear, seem.eg.There appeared to be only one room.那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間。 There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎沒(méi)有必要走。8能用兩種否定形式的系動(dòng)詞有二個(gè)：seem, appear.,舉例

30、說(shuō)明：eg.He seems not to be her father.= He doesnt seem to be her father.The baby doesnt appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.另taste(用于否定句I haven't tasted meat for ages.我已有好久沒(méi)吃過(guò)肉了。)9. 后接作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞可構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)能構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)的系動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)：第一個(gè)是常見(jiàn)的be(is, am, was等)；第二個(gè)是get，口語(yǔ)中常用。當(dāng)二者作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它們均表示一種存在狀態(tài)，而不表示被動(dòng)

31、動(dòng)作；當(dāng)二者作助動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后接作謂語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。be + P.P?？梢杂胓et + P.P.來(lái)代替，但是并不是be系動(dòng)詞總是可以用get來(lái)代替。get + P.P.系表結(jié)構(gòu)常用于以下兩種情況：(1)表示偶然的、突發(fā)性的、意想不到的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。eg. Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了（表示意想不到） The new car got scratched.新車給刮壞了。（表突發(fā)性）(2) 表示對(duì)自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。eg.They got married last month.

32、他們上個(gè)月結(jié)婚了。另外，要注意區(qū)分系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。六、幾組易混系動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：系動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別主要從兩個(gè)方面作比較，一是其意義，二是其結(jié)構(gòu)。1. get, become, go, turn, grow: “變成”。get：“變得”口語(yǔ)。后接形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式作表語(yǔ)，但不能與名詞直接連用。become：“變成，成為（人的情緒或身體狀態(tài)的變化，或表示天氣、社會(huì)的發(fā)展變化好壞情況均可，與get可以互換）?！焙蠼有稳菰~、名詞、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，不能與不定式連用。become可接表示職業(yè)的帶有定冠詞的單或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意：關(guān)于become和get：(1) become 和g

33、et主要指一個(gè)人暫時(shí)性的身心變化或永久性的自然變化。eg. become get angry, famous, fat, ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc 生氣，成名，發(fā)胖，得病，變老，痊愈，變聾，變強(qiáng)，等。(2) become 和 get 還可用于指天氣的變化和社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)：eg.Its becoming getting cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天漸冷了(黑了，多云了等)。Divorce is becoming getting more common. 離婚現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越常見(jiàn)了。go：“變成（人的身體、精神或事物某種由好到壞的情況）”，

34、后接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞作表語(yǔ)表示消極意義。turn：“轉(zhuǎn)變成”強(qiáng)調(diào)與原來(lái)不同的、新的變化，如變質(zhì)、變色（顏色）等，與go互換。后接形容詞、不帶冠詞的名詞作表語(yǔ)，后不接不定式。可接無(wú)冠詞的表示職業(yè)的單或復(fù)數(shù)名詞或接表示一定時(shí)間、年齡的數(shù)量詞。注意：關(guān)于go和come : (1) come 和 go 都可用作連系動(dòng)詞，表示事物狀態(tài)的變化。eg. go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 發(fā)禿，變聾，發(fā)瘋等。 The meats gone off (gone bad). 肉變味(變壞)了。The radios gone wrong. 收音機(jī)出毛病了。Her wish came tr

35、ue. 她的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 Everything came right. 一切順利。Wrong never comes right. 錯(cuò)的永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)變成對(duì)的。 Your shoe-laces have come undone. 你的鞋帶散了。The package is about to come unwrapped. 那個(gè)包快散開(kāi)了。The children went wild with excitement. 孩子們欣喜若狂。She went pale at the news. 聽(tīng)了這消息她臉色變得蒼白。 He went mad in the end. 最后他瘋了。Fish soon goes

36、 bad in hot weather. 大熱天魚(yú)很容易壞。 The children must not go hungry. 孩子們不應(yīng)挨餓。4.(2) 兩者之后所接形容詞通常各有其特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)還可從好壞方面去區(qū)別：即 come 用于“好”的變化，go 用于“壞”的變化。eg.The meat has gone bad. 這肉變味了。 Things will come right. 一切會(huì)順利地進(jìn)行。Something has gone wrong with the radio. 這收音機(jī)什么地方出了毛病。Her dream has come true. 她的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。(3) 表示人的生理變

37、化通常用 go。eg. go blind 變瞎 /go deaf 變聾 /go grey 兩鬢漸白(4) go還可用于人或事物顏色的變色，與turn用法相同：eg. She went turned blue with cold. 她凍得臉色發(fā)青了。 The rotten meat went turned green. 這塊腐爛的肉變綠了。【注】 但是 go 一般不與 old, tired, ill 等連用，遇此情況要用其他連系動(dòng)詞：grow get old 變老，fall become ill (sick) 生病，get feel tired 疲勞。 go后接形容詞通常表示的結(jié)果(見(jiàn)上例)，在

38、個(gè)別搭配中也表示現(xiàn)狀：go hungry 挨餓，go naked 光著身子 come 除表示向好的方面變化外，還有以下常見(jiàn)搭配值得注意：come untied 解開(kāi)，come loose 變松，come undone 松開(kāi)grow：“逐漸變得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)其變化過(guò)程。后接形容詞、分詞、不定式，不可直接跟名詞。注意：關(guān)于grow : 主要表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的過(guò)程。eg.It began to grow dark. 天色漸漸黑了。 The sea is growing calm. 大海變得平靜起來(lái)。 The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染問(wèn)題日見(jiàn)嚴(yán)峻

39、。以上連系動(dòng)詞通常接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，但有的還可接其他結(jié)構(gòu)，如come, get, grow后可接不定式，become, turn后可接名詞，get, grow后可接介詞短語(yǔ)：eg.Youll soon grow to like her. 你很快就會(huì)喜歡她的。 Its becoming a serious problem它正在成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗長(zhǎng)成了一棵樹(shù)。 They went out of fashion years ago它們好多年前已變得不時(shí)新了?！咀ⅰ縯urn后接名詞時(shí)，往往表示意想不到的變化，名詞前通常用零冠詞：e

40、g.He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)后當(dāng)了作家。比較：He became a writer after graduating from college.2. look, seem, appear: “好像”三者作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)在意義上的區(qū)別：look：“好像，看起來(lái)”，一般用于非正式場(chǎng)合，側(cè)重指從本身外表特征上由視覺(jué)得到的印象。seem ：“似乎，好像”，指說(shuō)話人內(nèi)心的估計(jì)與判斷，有一定依據(jù)，接近于實(shí)際情況。appear：“顯得，好像”，常用于正式文體中，指某事物或人給他人的表面印象，有時(shí)含有實(shí)質(zhì)上

41、并非如此之意。eg. He looks like his father. （指其長(zhǎng)相看起來(lái)相像） He seems like his father. （指說(shuō)話人從個(gè)性方面得到的判斷）He appears like his father.（指他的外貌、衣著給他人的印象）3. keep, remain, stay“保持狀態(tài)”keep系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)“保持狀態(tài)”，后接adj.或介詞短語(yǔ)其后常見(jiàn):alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy,firm in ones stand等。eg.I hope it will keep

42、fine.我希望天氣繼續(xù)好下去。 Wed better keep in touch.我們最好保持聯(lián)系。remain，系動(dòng)詞“仍然存在狀態(tài)”，后接adj.、過(guò)去分詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)某種狀態(tài)前后無(wú)變化。eg.The door remained closed.門仍然關(guān)著。 Your room remains like this.你的房間依舊是這樣子。stay，作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)“保持狀態(tài)”，后接形容詞、分詞。eg.That fellow stayed single.那個(gè)小伙子仍保持單身。The door stayed closed.門一直關(guān)著（無(wú)比較的持續(xù)狀態(tài)）Its easy to stay hi

43、dden.躲起來(lái)很容易。 Please stay seated.請(qǐng)繼續(xù)坐著。后常接的形容詞有：calm, clean, fresh, healthy, tight, young, open, awake, still, warm, fine, as high as,?？膳ckeep互換。eg. Stay/keep calm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)4. look, sound, smell, taste, feel的用法特點(diǎn):當(dāng)這幾個(gè)詞用作連系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，它們的意思分別是“看起來(lái)”、“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”、“聞起來(lái)”、“嘗起來(lái)”、“摸起來(lái)”，其用法特點(diǎn)如下：特點(diǎn)一: 通常以

44、被感覺(jué)的東西作主語(yǔ)，雖有被動(dòng)詞味，但不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。eg.誤：The material is felt nice. 這料子摸起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。(is felt 應(yīng)改為feels)  誤：The soup is tasted delicious. 這湯味道不錯(cuò)。(is tasted應(yīng)改為tastes)特點(diǎn)二: 其后均可接介詞 like。eg.This looks (tastes, smells, feels) like an orange. 這東西看起來(lái)(吃起來(lái)，聞起來(lái)，摸起來(lái))像桔子。5.另外，taste和smell后還可接介詞of，表示“有的味道”：It tastes smells of f

45、ish. 這東西有魚(yú)的味道。特點(diǎn)三: 除look外均不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(即使是look用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)也不多見(jiàn))。eg. You look are looking tired this evening. 今晚你好像很累。但是不說(shuō)What you says is sounding reasonable.【注】feel 表示“感覺(jué)”可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：eg.How are you feeling now? 你現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)如何? Im feeling terrible. 我感到難受極了。另外，若以上動(dòng)詞用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，則可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)： eg.He is tasting the pudding. 他在嘗布丁。特點(diǎn)四:

46、 除look外，均不能接 to be(即使是look后接to be也不多見(jiàn))。eg. She looks (to be) the best person for this job. 她似乎是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選?！咀ⅰ縡eel 有時(shí)可表示“使人感覺(jué)起來(lái)”： eg. It feels cold in here. 這兒很冷。5. 系動(dòng)詞continue的用法: continue可用作連系動(dòng)詞，其后可接形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。接形容詞eg.He continued silent. 他繼續(xù)沉默著。 We hope the weather will continue fine. 我們希望天氣繼續(xù)很好。It

47、did not seem likely that he would continue long in that position. 他似乎不太可能長(zhǎng)期留在這個(gè)職位。接介詞短語(yǔ)eg.Mother continues in weak health. 母親身體仍然很虛弱。He continues in good condition. 他的健康情況仍然良好。After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longer up to the work / up to doing the work.  部長(zhǎng)生病

48、后繼續(xù)任職，但他已力不勝任了。6. run用作連系動(dòng)詞只限于和少數(shù)形容詞搭配。run coldeg. My blood ran cold. 我的血都涼了。The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold. 他看見(jiàn)尸體不禁毛骨悚然。The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龍頭打開(kāi)，水就涼了。run dry eg. The well ran dry. 這口井干枯了。The little pond ran dry. 那座小池塘干涸了。 The River Wey ran dry during

49、the recent drought. 近來(lái)天氣干旱，韋河干涸了。run higheg.Feelings against him ran high反對(duì)他的情緒高漲。 Feeling over the dismissal ran high. 對(duì)解雇事件群情鼎沸。Passions ran high as the election approached. 選舉日期臨近，人們情緒很高漲。run looseeg.The lion has run loose. 獅子從籠子里跑出來(lái)了。run loweg.The petrols running low. 汽油快用完了。 Were running low on

50、 petrol. 我們的汽油不多了。Our supplies are running low. 我們的供應(yīng)品不多了。run rioteg.The crowd ran riot in the streets. 群眾在街上亂跑。Football hooligans ran riot through the town. 鬧事的足球迷在城里胡作非為。Inflation is running riot and prices are out of control. 通貨極度膨脹，物價(jià)失去控制。run shorteg.I have run short of money. 我缺錢。 Go and get so

51、me more oil so we dont run short. 去多弄些油來(lái)以免到時(shí)候用光了。Im late for work every day and Im running short of excuses. 我每天遲到，現(xiàn)在找不到什么藉口了。run smalleg.These shirts run small. 這些襯衫小了。run strongeg.The tide was running strong. 潮水上漲了。run wildeg.The violets are running wild in the flower bed. 紫羅蘭在花圃里亂長(zhǎng)。Those boys hav

52、e been allowed to run wild. 那些男孩子無(wú)人管教肆無(wú)忌憚。有時(shí)跟副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)：eg. My contract runs out in September. 我的合同九月份到期。Our supplies soon ran out. 我們的供應(yīng)品很快用完。The trucks run out of gas again. 卡車又沒(méi)有汽油了。6.7. 系動(dòng)詞become的用法: become用作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“成為”，其后可接：(1) 名詞： eg. She has become a painter of distinction. 她成了一名杰出的畫(huà)家。They becam

53、e great friends. 他們成了莫逆之交。 He aims to become a computer expert. 他打算當(dāng)一名電腦專家。 (2)形容詞eg.She became very fond of her. 她變得非常喜歡她了。 He soon became angry. 他過(guò)了一會(huì)兒就生氣了。She has become familiar with the house. 她對(duì)這房子已變得很熟悉。 Ive become used to a vegetarian diet. 我已習(xí)慣于素食。(3)過(guò)去分詞eg.They had just become engaged. 他們剛

54、剛訂婚。 At last the truth became known to us. 我們終于知道了真相。The room soon became crowded. 房間很快變得擁擠起來(lái)。 Jamie was becoming annoyed with me. 杰米變得對(duì)我不高興起來(lái)。(4)其后一般不接不定式eg.他開(kāi)始對(duì)生物感興趣了。 誤：He became to be interested in biology. 正：He became interested in biology. 于是我們開(kāi)始喜歡他了。 誤：Then we became to like him. 正：Then we be

55、gan came to like him. 8.系動(dòng)詞rest的用法: rest用作連系動(dòng)詞只限于和少數(shù)形容詞搭配。rest a mysteryeg.The affair rests a mystery. 這件事一直是個(gè)謎。rest easyeg. Rest easy. 不要緊張。rest assuredeg.You can rest assured that I will do my best. 你放心，我會(huì)盡力。You can rest assured that Ill do my best. 你可以放心我會(huì)盡力而為的。You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你盡管放心，正在盡力把一切都做好。You may rest assured that l will do everything I call to help you. 你可以相信我會(huì)盡力幫助你的。rest thus eg.The matter rests thusthat you are responsible for the damage. 事實(shí)仍然是這樣你得對(duì)損壞負(fù)責(zé)。七、系動(dòng)詞的使用特點(diǎn)：1. 所有的系動(dòng)詞都可接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，此